China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. The land area is 9.6 million square kilometers, the coastline of the eastern and southern continents10.8 million kilometers, and the inland sea and coastal water area is about 4.7 million square kilometers. There are 7,600 large and small islands in the sea area, of which Taiwan Province Island is the largest, with an area of 35,798 square kilometers. China borders 14 countries, and is adjacent to 8 countries by sea. The provincial administrative divisions are 4 municipalities directly under the central government, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions, with a total population of 654.38+0.4 billion, with Beijing as its capital.

China is high in the west and low in the east. Mountains, plateaus and hills account for 67% of the land area, while basins and plains account for 33% of the land area. The mountains are mostly east-west and northeast-southwest, mainly including Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Karakorum Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Nanling Mountain, Daxinganling Mountain, Changbai Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain, Taiwan Province Mountain and Hengduan Mountain. From south to north are the Pearl River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Songhua River and Heilongjiang.

Millions of years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifted, which was a major crustal movement in the history of the earth and formed the landform of China. Overlooking the land of China from the air, the terrain is like a ladder, descending gradually from west to east. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is constantly rising due to the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. It is called "the roof of the world" and constitutes the first step of Chinese topography. Mount Everest, the main peak of the Himalayas on the plateau, is 8844.43 meters high and is the highest peak in the world. The second step consists of Inner Mongolia Plateau, Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin, with an average elevation of1000-2000m. The eastern edge of the second step passes through Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain, and the third step reaches the Pacific coast eastward. The terrain of this step drops to 1000 meters below 500 meters. From north to south, there are the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the edge of the plain is inlaid with low mountains and hills. Further east is the shallow sea area on China's continental shelf, which is the fourth level. The water depth is mostly below 200 meters, and the seabed resources are rich.