Wenzongge

Wenzong Pavilion was built in Qianlong forty-four years. According to Emperor Qianlong's own statement, the Nansan Pavilion was built and the Sikuquanshu was presented to "learn from the scriptures". Although some books were destroyed for various reasons in the process of compiling Sikuquanshu, on the whole, its significance is great and it is still a very important academic work. At that time, the construction of Nansan Pavilion was a major event in Jiangnan academic circles, so it took only one year to build a huge Wenzong Pavilion, and many materials were donated by local people. This shows Zhenjiang people's enthusiasm for culture.

After the pavilion was built, books were never copied, so first of all, Emperor Qianlong gave a bronze movable type book, which was integrated with ancient and modern books and put in the pavilion for students to read. The Sikuquanshu was issued in batches from 52 years to 55 years. All the affairs in the museum are managed by the History of Salt Transportation in Huaihe River and Huaihe River, and local students are allowed to read and borrow. For a time, scholars in the south of the Yangtze River took pleasure in getting a "minister of Chinese books".

However, this grand occasion did not last long. In the third year of Xianfeng, Taiping Army invaded Zhenjiang and burned Wenzong Pavilion and its Sikuquanshu together. At that time, in order to put one of the seven pavilions in their own cities, scholars in the south of the Yangtze River took the initiative to write to the court, proposing to bear the cost of "all book seekers writing the whole book". Finally, the emperor decided to pay for copying books and building pavilions from North Korea. The book box and decorative shelf are handled by the local authorities.

Wenlange

Wenlan Pavilion is located at the southern foot of West Lake Gushan Mountain. Founded in the forty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1782), it is one of the seven collections built in the Qing Dynasty to collect Sikuquanshu. It is also the only surviving pavilion among the three major pavilions in Jiangnan. This is a typical Jiangnan garden building. Pavilion, pool bridge and rockery in the garden depend on each other throughout. The main building, like Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, is a building with double eaves and built on the mountain.

Stepping into the hall, there is a rockery with a hole at the foot. Through the cave is a flat hall. There is a strange stone in the pool behind the temple, named "Xianfeng", which is a fine product in the rockery of the West Lake. There is Wen Lan Pavilion in the middle of the square pool, a winding corridor in the west, and the Moon Gate in the east connecting Taiyi Fenqing Room and Luohan Hall. The layout of all buildings and gardens is compact and elegant, which is quite distinctive.

Sikuquanshu was decided by Emperor Qianlong and presided over by Ji Xiaolan. Completed at 1773 178 1. This book is the largest series in the history of China and a masterpiece of ancient books in China. Book * * * contains 34,665,438+0 kinds of books and 79,309 volumes, which is a collection of major ancient books before the middle of Qing Dynasty. Seven complete books of Si Ku Quan Shu, which took eight years to complete, were collected in Beijing Wen Yuan Pavilion, Shenyang Yuanmingyuan Wen Yuan Pavilion, Hebei chengde mountain resort Jinwen Pavilion, Hangzhou Wen Lan Pavilion, Yangzhou Wen Hui Pavilion and Zhenjiang Wenzong Pavilion.

After the Qing Dynasty, there were frequent wars. The Wen Hui Pavilion in Yangzhou and the Siku Quanshu in Zhenjiang Wenzong Pavilion were destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, leaving only three pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River. The fire in Eight-Nation Alliance also burned Wen's Sikuquanshu. There are only four pieces left in the seven collections. The Complete Book of Four Kus written by Wenyuange in Beijing was brought to Taiwan Province Province when the Kuomintang defeated the mainland, and it is now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan Province Province. The library of Shenyang Wenshuige (1966) has arrived in Lanzhou and is now in Lanzhou. Jinwen Pavilion in chengde mountain resort, Hebei Province was originally shipped to Beijing, and now it is stored in Beijing Library.

Hangzhou Wenlange's Sikuquanshu was almost destroyed in all previous disasters, and it was the chivalrous courage of several generations in Zhejiang that made Wenlange instinctively escape from the war and survive.

186 1 year, the Taiping army captured Hangzhou, the owner of the 8,000-volume building of the famous museum in the south of the Yangtze River, and Ding Shen and Ding Bing, who were born in scholarly families, took refuge in Xixi, west of Hangzhou. One day, when the two brothers were shopping in the store, they found that the paper used for packaging was actually the seal of Sikuquanshu, which surprised them.

Shi Ding brothers naturally know the importance of Siku Quanshu. They further found that piles of wrapping paper in the shop were covered with the emperor's edict.

I lost the Si Ku Quan Shu of Wen Lan Ge!

The books in Wenlange Library are scattered among the people, which worries the Shi Ding brothers. They immediately organized their families to rescue them. They risked the war, collected remnants to protect them, and hired people to buy lost books along the street every day. In the past six months, they rescued 8689 M&A documents, accounting for 1/4 of all Wen Lan documents.

The Wen Lan Pavilion is incomplete. What should I do? Copy it! With the support of Zhejiang Governor Tan, a huge book copying project began. Brothers borrowed books from more than a dozen famous bibliophiles in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Lushi Baojinglou, Tang Wang and Shousongtang in Tianyi Pavilion, Ningbo, recruited more than 26,000 copywriters 100, and organized to copy more than 26,000 books. During the compilation of Sikuquanshu, some words that were unfavorable to the Qing government were deleted by the compilation officials, or some books were excluded from the series, and some ancient books were omitted. Shi Ding brothers take this opportunity to include and supplement them. This project took seven years to complete. 1882, the reconstruction of Wen Lan Pavilion was completed, and the Shi Ding brothers returned all copies of Sikuquanshu to Wen Lan Pavilion.

During the Republic of China, Qian Xun, the first director of Zhejiang Library, continued to organize supplementary copying, which was called "Yi Mao supplementary copying"; Later, Zhang Zongxiang of Haining initiated "Guihai Supplementary Copy". With the joint efforts of Ding, Qian, Zhang and others, the final Sikuquanshu is more complete than the original Sikuquanshu, and there are also some omissions in the original Sikuquanshu, such as the collection of twelve volumes, only three volumes, and the number of albums is also more than the original; Supplementary copy is based on an excellent edition, which is the essence of the National Library of the late Qing Dynasty. Many words deleted by the librarian have been restored as they are. Therefore, Wenlan Pavilion Quansiku Quanshu is the most complete of the seven books. Therefore, the historical document value of Wen Lan Pavilion's Sikuquanshu is higher than that of Wenyuan Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion and Wenshui Pavilion, and it is an important resource for studying Sikuquanshu.

1937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, Hangzhou was in jeopardy, and Sikuquanshu faced great disaster. Zhu Kezhen, then president of National Zhejiang University, and Chen Xunci, then director of Zhejiang Library, organized the westward movement of pavilion books. After half a year, he traveled to five provinces with a journey of 2500 kilometers. 1April, 938, Sikuquanshu arrived in Guiyang safely, and was then transported to Chongqing.

Japan has long coveted Ge's Sikuquanshu. Mao, a former member of the the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Committee and a professor at Zhejiang University, told reporters at the seminar that after the fall of Hangzhou, the Japanese "occupied books and documents acceptance committee" sent people from Shanghai to Hangzhou to look for the cabinet book, trying to take this precious book back to Japan, but at this time the cabinet book had been safely transferred.

Wen Lan Ge's "Siku Quanshu" has experienced many vicissitudes, which is a miracle in the history of book collection in China and even in the world.

Wenhuige

Wen Hui Pavilion is one of the seven major libraries in Qing Dynasty. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), the database was established, and it took ten years to compile the Complete Book of Siku. * * * There are about 3,500 kinds of books with more than 79,000 volumes, which are divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections. Although many ancient books were destroyed or deleted by librarians in order to maintain the political rule of the Qing court, so much so that Mr. Lu Xun once revealed them in essays such as The Complete Works of Buying Primary Schools, Sikuquanshu, after all, is an unprecedented series integrating ancient books in China, so it has its own handed down value. Only seven books were written in those years, which were hidden in Beijing, Shenyang, Yangzhou, Hangzhou and other places. Among them, Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City, Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, Wenshui Pavilion in Shengjing Palace and Jinwen Pavilion in Summer Resort are called "North Four Pavilions". Wenhui Pavilion in Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Wenlan Pavilion in Shengyin Temple in Hangzhou are called "Nansan Pavilion".

Yangzhou Wenhui Pavilion is a royal bookstore, which was originally located in the West Garden of Tianning Temple. According to Yangzhou Painting Boat, the west garden of Tianning Temple is called Royal Garden, and the main hall is called Daguan Hall. Wen Hui Pavilion, one of the seven pavilions, is next to Daguanlou. The museum is a collection of ancient and modern books and Sikuquanshu, which was given the title of Wen Hui Pavilion and "East Wall Streamer" by Emperor Qianlong. Wen Hui Pavilion is a three-story building with scroll patterns painted on its beams and columns. The first floor of the museum is a collection of ancient and modern books, with the classics of Sikuquanshu on both sides, the books of the history department on the second floor and the books of the branch and collection department on the third floor.

Gan Long attaches great importance to the construction and use of the Wen Hui Pavilion. He repeatedly stressed that the books hidden in the library are not for show, and should be read and copied by scholars. On May 23rd, the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), the Imperial edict of Li Hong contained such an enlightened statement: "Once all the books hidden in the cupboard are collected, those who want to study in middle schools in this province are ordered to copy them in the cupboard, but they are not allowed to bring them back without permission, resulting in slight losses." Each volume of Sikuquanshu collected in Nansan Museum is titled "Treasure of the Ancient Emperor" on the cover and "Treasure of Qianlong Imperial Reading" on the back cover, written in Taishi paper money. The folio is smaller than the books in Beisige, and the decoration of books and clothes is different.

Lin Qing described what he saw in "The Legend of Karma in Hong Xue": "Wenhui Pavilion is on the right side of the Daguan Hall in Yangzhou Palace ... You are surrounded by clear water, which is a swastika. The Royal Monument Pavilion was built in front of the river. Chi Pan is a stone mountain, exquisite and graceful, with beautiful flowers and trees, and covered with cloisters. " When he entered the cabinet to study, he said, "Gengzi (1840) was born on the first day of March. Together with his uncle, he was transferred to Song Jingzhai as an ambassador and stayed with you. The pavilion is half down and still intact, which is completely imitated by Wenyuan Pavilion in Shi Jing. Looking back on those years of investigation, the past is unbearable and people are sighing today. He ordered Xie Kui, the director, to enter the cabinet. See book integration, written in silk yellow; The left and right cabinets are written in silk green; The history department listed on the cabinet is written in silk red; Left and right sets, sub-face jade color, set face silk color. If there are many books, use nanmu. One and two copies are separated by plates, tied with ribbons and kept as letters. There are three * * * letters. Xie Kui took out the bibliography and sat downstairs to read it carefully. He got notes such as Manchu Sacrifice to Heaven and God, Disaster Relief Book, Painful Wave Map, Test of Cutting Coke and Catching Locusts, Zi Ju, etc., and asked the calligrapher to change his notes. " -This is almost the last record of the existence of Yangzhou Wen Hui Pavilion. Fourteen years later, the Taiping Army invaded Yangzhou, and the Wen Hui Pavilion and its library were destroyed by the war.

About ten years later, when Zeng Guofan founded Jinling Bookstore in the early years of Tongzhi, he entrusted Mo Youzhi, a scholar, to Zhenjiang, Yangzhou and other places to look for books of Wenzong Pavilion and Wenhuige separated from the war. Generally speaking, Mo Youzhi made a special trip to Zhenyang during the four years of Tongzhi (1865), and carefully searched for the whereabouts of the two pavilions' books, but found nothing and returned empty-handed. Did Mo Youzhi really get nothing from this trip? It is reported that the National Library now has four volumes, a classic subset and a historical subset, and the cover of the classic department is printed by Mo Youzhi. From this perspective, Mo Youzhi's trip to Zhenyang still paid off. It is also said that there are some remnants in the library of Wenhuige, Yangzhou. The titles are Zhouyi Wuyi, Yun Qi's Four Wonders, Ding Yu's Poems and Book Collection.

Among the seven pavilions, Wen Yuan Pavilion was collected by the Palace Museum, Wen Yuan Pavilion was set on fire by Eight-Nation Alliance during Xianfeng period, and Jinwen Pavilion is now collected by Beijing Library, Wennian Pavilion is now owned by Liaoning Library, Wenzong Pavilion was burned by Taiping Arms during Xianfeng period, and Wen Lan Pavilion is the only one among the "South Three Pavilions", and its collection is now owned by Zhejiang Library. Yangzhou Wenhui Pavilion was built in the 45th year of Qianlong (1780) and destroyed in the 4th year of Xianfeng (1854). It only survived for more than 70 years, and its life span is the shortest among the seven libraries.

Besig

Wenjinge

Wenjinge is one of the seven libraries in the Qing Dynasty, located in the west of the plain area of the summer resort. There used to be Sikuquanshu, as well as the classification of classics, history, books and collections, with a collection of 3,503 kinds, 79,337 volumes and 3.63 million volumes, which is a very valuable cultural heritage. Li Hong (Emperor Qianlong) wrote in Jin Wen Ting Ji: "If you want to trace the source of the stream from the branch, you must first care about knowing its Tianjin." This sentence means "bronze inscription". Jinwen Pavilion was built in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774) and rebuilt in 1954. Imitate the architecture of the Ming Dynasty and build a French "Tianyi Pavilion" in Zhejiang. The appearance is two layers, but it is actually three layers. There is a dark floor in the museum, so the sun can't shine directly on the stacks. The interior paints and colorful paintings are also very elegant. Dark green columns, blue envelopes and white book tails, mainly in cool colors, give people a quiet atmosphere.

After Wenjinge was written, Sikuquanshu was written in 1782, and seven copies were copied, of which the fourth Qikuquanshu was collected in Wenjinge and was written in the forty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1784). Wen Jinge's Sikuquanshu has 36,304 volumes, 6 144 letters, and is displayed on 128 bookshelves. It is the most complete of the seven Sikuquanshu, and it is still the only one whose original shelf, original letter and original book are preserved as a whole. It is now in the National Library of Beijing. In the National Library of Beijing, there are 128 bookshelves, and 6654438+044 envelopes are neatly and orderly placed on the tall bookshelves of that year. Classics, history books and books are respectively equipped with four colors of green, red, blue and gray, and plywood, ribbon and copper ring correspond to each other one by one. When you open the book, you will find the seal of "Treasure of the Jinwen Museum", the yellow letterhead of "Jiyun Reconnaissance", the white paper and the regular regular regular script in the museum, which is amazing.

In the northeast of the pavilion, there is a water gate connected with the water system of the villa. The water in the pool in front of the pavilion is very clear. People looked into the pool at a specific position in front of the pavilion and saw a crescent moon swaying with the waves, but the sky was sunny. It turns out that this is a semi-circular gap similar to the first quarter moon opened by the gardener on the rockery in southern China. The reflection of the second quarter moon is formed in the water by using light, which constitutes a strange landscape of "the sun and the moon shine together". On the south bank of the pool is a unique rockery with rugged rocks and magnificent momentum. The rockery covers an area of about 800 square meters, with 3279 cubic meters of stones, which are made up of pulp stones and chicken bone stones. The rockery cave is connected by two doors, and the structure is quite ingenious. Caves are covered by rocks and can be divided into halls, halls, windows, caves and caves. The cave wall is inlaid with chicken bone stone, which is deep and tortuous. There are several windows of different sizes, which make the cliffs and rocks in the cave looming through the weak light. There are horizontal ridges and vertical peaks, ditches, bridges, hills and valleys on the mountain, each with its own wonders. There are ten miniature famous mountains, such as Bangzi Mountain, Luohan Mountain and Shuangta Mountain, as well as the shape of "eighteen bachelors going to Yingzhou" and the garden layout imitating Mi Fei's "Bao Jin Zhai". Wenjinge is a pavilion in the east, with four pyramid-shaped roof corners, covered with yellow glazed tiles, and a vertical stone tablet, 5.34 meters high. The front of the monument is engraved with the title "Wen Jin Ge Ji", and the other three sides are engraved with three poems written by Gan Long. On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is crisp and the moon is seen on the "Taiwan", but the old trees in the garden are vigorous and the branches are vertical and horizontal. A bright moon rises in Ran Ran, spilling a piece of Yin Hui on the earth, and the villa is immediately wrapped in white, making it more clear and quiet. The plastic arts of Wenjinge rockery, which combines the strengths of Miwengbao Jinzhai and Fantianyi Pavilion, uses traditional overlapping mountain techniques and combines the majestic characteristics of the north, with a majestic, vigorous and magnificent style, rather than the small and exquisite state of the south. "Records of Jehol" wrote: "The pavilion is far from the imperial garden, with interesting pavilions in front, platforms in the east and western hills in the west, imitating the rules of the model and winning the secret security, which is almost complete. "

The courtyard of Wenjinge, surrounded by white walls, is the garden of the villa. This group of buildings, facing south, are arranged in turn with a hall, a rockery, a pool, a library, a flower stand, a curved pool, a rock and a moon gate. There are three pavilions and value rooms on the east side. The water in front of the pavilion is clear, the bottom is clear, and the water plants are overgrown. The rockery in the south of the pool is half-moon-shaped, surrounded by ponds, pavilions and pavilions, and the stacked stones are mostly piled up in imitation of the top ten scenic spots in Chengde, which are integrated with the western hills of the villa. There is a moon viewing platform on the rockery, and its west fun pavilion (no longer exists). There is a ramp on the rockery, and there is a abode of fairies and immortals below. You must pass through this hole when you enter the museum. The cave is winding and secluded, and there is a stone cave at the top of the cave. The light leaks into the pool like a crescent moon. Whenever the sun shines high, the moon hangs high in the pool. "Look up at the sun, look down at the moon", the sun and the moon shine together, the landscape is wonderful, and the villa is a must.

Jiuzhoutai Wensui Pavilion

1966 10 based on the need of war preparedness, in order to ensure the safety of Siku Quanshu, Liaoning Province, under the coordination of the relevant departments of the central government, distributed 3,474 kinds, 363 15 volumes of Wensu Pavilion Siku Quanshu and 5,020 volumes of bronze movable-type books printed during the Qing and Yongzheng Dynasties.

Sikuquanshu is the largest series in the history of China compiled during Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Together with the Great Wall and the Grand Canal in Wan Li, it is called the three major ancient projects in China. Wen Suige's Siku Quanshu is one of the three and a half extant Siku Quanshu in China. This book was originally kept in Shenyang, and was transported to Gansu for safekeeping during the period from 1966 to 10. It's been almost 40 years.

In order to better preserve this great achievement reflecting Chinese civilization, the Gansu Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government allocated special funds to build a new library. 1999. In May, the Gansu provincial government made a decision to build the library of Siku Quanshu in Wensui Pavilion, Lanzhou, the provincial capital, and the library of Siku Quanshu in Beishan Kyushu Station on the bank of the Yellow River in Lanzhou. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the foundation stone laying ceremony of the library building was held in Lanzhou. Construction officially started on April 30, 2003.

On July 8, 2005, the newly-built library of Wensuige Sikuquanshu was officially opened. This Wensui Pavilion Siku Quanshu Library is located in Jiuzhoutai, Beishan, Lanzhou, with an investment of more than 50 million yuan, covering an area of 3. 126 hectares and a total construction area of 5,757 square meters. It took more than two years to build.

The orientation and architectural style of the newly-built Wenshui Pavilion have inherited the "ancient appearance", and its appearance is quite royal, which is the closest to Beijing Wen Yuan Pavilion. It is also a "roof on the mountain" building, with two outer floors and three inner floors, with thick reinforced concrete walls, modern moisture-proof facilities, dust-proof facilities, anti-theft facilities and even radiation protection facilities. Indoor temperature and humidity remain constant all the year round.

Wensui Pavilion Library mainly includes the main building, annex building and office building. The main building covers an area of 1.900 m2. The first and second floors are exhibition halls, and the third floor contains copies of Sikuquanshu. The annex building covers an area of 1400 square meters, which is mainly used for academic research, and the original copy of Sikuquanshu is hidden in a specially designed basement.

Wenyuange

Among the ruins of Yuanmingyuan in the western suburbs of Beijing, there is an ancient monument-Wenyuan Pavilion, which was once one of the "four neat squares" in the world-famous Four Books during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

The compilation of Siku Quanshu in Qing Dynasty is an important document arrangement activity in the cultural history of China. On the surface, this unprecedented book-revision activity initiated by the imperial court is to review the ancient and orthodox articles and render the scene of civilized cultivation. In fact, through a series of practices such as collecting books, banning books, destroying books, compiling books, etc., the ideas and classics of Han scholars who opposed the alien rule in the Qing Dynasty were eliminated, that is, their ideas were restrained and dissidents were eliminated, which was the so-called "prohibition" in later generations. The encyclopedia has collected all the works from ancient times to the early Qing Dynasty, and collected 346 1 volume in four categories: classics, history, books and collections, with a total of 79,337 volumes and about 977 million words. It not only comprehensively summarizes and systematically combs the academic achievements of feudal culture in China for 3,000 years, but also preserves a wealth of ancient books. Moreover, most of the officials and scholars who worked in the "Siku Library" were academic celebrities at that time. The "Siku Quanshu" which they devoted ten years to was undoubtedly a great contribution to the ancient culture of China.

In addition to academic achievements, the main historical influence of this series is the establishment of "four libraries and seven museums". Because of its voluminous volumes, this book has never been published in Fu Zi. Only seven volumes are hand-copied, which are built and stored separately. They are Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing ouchi, Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, Jinwen Pavilion in chengde mountain resort and Wenshui Pavilion in Shengjing (now Shenyang) Forbidden City, which are called "Four Pavilions of the Forbidden City" or "North Pavilion". Together with Wenhui Pavilion in Daguan Hall in Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Wenlan Pavilion in Shengyin Temple in Hangzhou, it is called "Three Pavilions in the South of the Yangtze River". Pavilions, pavilions and libraries have experienced many vicissitudes, and they have been devastated by wars in the modern history of China. The shortest survival time is only 60 to 70 years. At present, there are only four pavilions in the world: Yuan Wen, Jinwen, Wensu and Wen Lan.

In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1744), the Wen Yuan Pavilion was slightly renovated on the basis of the original Sida Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, and was completed after the Jinwen Pavilion the following year, making it the second of the seven pavilions. Located in the northwest of the whole park, it is connected to Shui Mu Minshi in the south and Liulang Wenying in the west. Both the pavilion forehead and the plaque in the pavilion are dry and long. The pavilion stood in the south, and an arc-shaped pool was dug in front of it, where goldfish were kept. It is said that it can be full of feet. Qinan is a rocky rockery. There is also a huge Taihu stone in the pool, named "Shilingfeng", which is more than six meters high, exquisitely carved and surrounded by many holes. Face it squarely, and the stone will roll like a dark cloud; When you knock with your hand, the timbre is like copper. Shi Kuan Zhang Ying, surrounded by famous officials' poems, was the largest and most famous Taihu stone in Yuanmingyuan that year, just like the "Qing Zhi Xiu" in front of the Leshou Palace in the Summer Palace. On the east side of the pavilion is the Imperial Monument Pavilion, on which is the Imperial Book of Wenyuan Pavilion.

Emperor Qianlong was extremely cautious about the storage of this masterpiece, "like a sea of smoke." He heard that the architectural structure of Fan Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo has a unique meaning, so he ordered to imitate its rules and set up a place to put books. Although Wen Yuan Pavilion no longer exists, its pattern is no different from that of Yuan Wen, Jinwen and Wensu. Physically, the other three existing royal courtyards are all six towers up and down the palace, and each tower is a room. The internal improvement of tianyi pavilion adopts the method of "two floors bright and three floors dark", that is, the appearance of two-story double eaves. In fact, it is to use the waist space that is usually wasted between the upper and lower floors to secretly build an extra mezzanine. The upper, middle and lower floors of the exhibition hall can be used to store books. From the outside, it is a ground brick wall. The color of the wall is relatively quiet dark gray, dark green colonnade, rest-hill roof and green glazed tiles. In order to show the architectural function, the scroll picture of hippo calligraphy is specially painted between the columns, and the color is elegant. The whole exhibition hall is simple and elegant in appearance and profound in meaning. It is a model of ancient libraries in China. Wenyuan Pavilion, located at the entrance of the Royal Garden, stands out from the crowd in splendor and is better at the beauty of simplicity.

In addition to emphasizing the protection of lush landscapes, the name of Qiting is also unique, which not only embodies the purpose of Emperor Qianlong's advocating Confucian classics, but also uses words such as "Yuan", "Yuan", "Jin" and "Description" to imitate Fan Tianyi's "Heaven, Life, Water" and fighting fire, making the pavilion book last forever.

The "Si Ku Quan Shu" in the museum was written on the first-class Hua Kai paper produced in Zhejiang, and * * * copied 36,000 copies. The cover of the book adopts the binding mode of "classics, history, children and history", that is, the categories of books are represented by colors symbolizing the four seasons: classic books rank first in the group, especially at the beginning of the new year, marked with green; The history department writes a lot, such as blazing fire, in red; A hundred schools of thought gather in the Ministry, just like the autumn harvest, with a light color (blue); Poetry and ode series is like winter series, which is suitable for dark (gray-black) colors. Divided by color, it is clear at a glance. The binding is wrapped in soft silk, tied with ribbons and made of nanmu, which is exquisite and beautiful, as well as moisture-proof and moth-proof. According to records, the first page of each volume of the Encyclopedia of Wenyuange is stamped with the words "Wenyuange Treasure" and "Guxitian Word", and the last page is stamped with the words "Yuanmingyuan Treasure" and "New Tianshi". Cinnabar is brilliant, which adds a lot of color to the encyclopedia.

After the completion of Wen Yuan Pavilion, Emperor Qianlong was stationed in Yuanmingyuan every year, and almost all of them came here to study and recite poems. After Sikuquanshu was copied into the Tibetan Library, it really spent more than half a century in peace and harmony under the afterglow of "Kang Yong's flourishing age". However, the good times did not last long. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces captured Beijing. After plundering the treasures of Yuanmingyuan, they lifted the whole garden and set fire to it. The fire raged in this world-famous "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens" for three days, and the Wen Yuan Pavilion and its Sikuquanshu and a set of Sikuquanshu Yao Yao stored in Weiwei Bookstore were also here. The pavilion and the book have only survived for more than 70 years since they were sent to Tibet and destroyed.

Now the Wen Yuan Pavilion no longer exists, only a collection of fishing songs, and the blue bricks on it are relatively regular; Quchi has dried up, and the tall "Shiling Peak" was smashed in two by one of the bandits during the Republic of China and collapsed in the weeds. Although the poems and inscriptions of Peng and Cao, who were the deputy directors of Siku Library, have been lost in the wilderness, they are still clearly identifiable. Emperor Qianlong's imperial plaque has been moved to the branch of the National Library in Jinwen Street, leaving only half of the words. The whole Wenyuan Pavilion site echoes the acropolis site next to it, and it is a great pity that tourists occasionally mourn here! As for the Collection of Si Ku Quan Shu in the museum, we only know that during the Republic of China, Jiayetang, Liu Chenggan and Huzhou once collected six volumes of Wen Yuan Ge Bao, and there is no such anecdote in the world since then.

Wenyuange

Wenyuan Pavilion, located behind the Wenhua Hall in Donghuamen, Forbidden City, is the former site of Shengji Hall in Ming Dynasty. Built in the thirty-ninth and forty-first years of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1774- 1776), it is the royal library for the collection of Sikuquanshu. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the emperor opened the "Sikuquanshu Museum" and compiled the "Sikuquanshu". In thirty-nine years, a letter was issued to build a library building, and Yu Wenhua was ordered to carve out a suitable place behind the house and carve out Wenyuan Pavilion as the exclusive collection of Sikuquanshu. It was built in 41 years of Qianlong (1776).

Wenyuan Pavilion is located on the north and south sides, and the pavilion is modeled after Fan Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang. The exterior is two-story, with a concealed building at the waist eaves, six rooms wide, and stairs at the west end connecting the upper and lower floors. The blue bricks of two gables are paved to the roof, which is simple and elegant. Black glazed tile roof, green glazed tile trimming, meaning black main water, fire water pressure, to ensure the safety of the library. The front porch of the exhibition hall has palindrome railings, lintels hanging upside down under the eaves, green eaves columns, fresh and pleasing Soviet-style color paintings, which are more garden architectural style. There is a square pool carved in front of the pavilion to introduce gold water and river water into it. A stone bridge is built on the pool, and aquatic animals are carved on the stone bridge and the fence around the pool, which is beautiful and exquisite. After the pavilion, the lake stones pile up into mountains, just like barriers. During this period, pine and cypress were planted, which lasted for more than 200 years and flourished. On the east side of the pavilion, there is a unique pavilion with yellow glazed tiles on the top. There is a stone tablet in the pavilion. On the front, there is Wen Yuan Pavilion inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, and on the back, there are royal poems presented by Wen Yuan Pavilion.

After Wenyuan Pavilion was built in the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), the emperor held a banquet here every year. In forty-seven years (1728), when the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu was completed, Emperor Qianlong hosted a banquet in Wen Yuan Pavilion to reward officials and participants at all levels who compiled the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu, which was unprecedented.

Sikuquanshu, together with the ancient and modern book collection, entered Tibet Wenyuan Museum, which was arranged in four parts according to the subset of classics and history. Twenty-two Confucian classics books headed by Confucian classics, textual research of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu and the ancient and modern book collection are placed on the first floor, and the emperor's throne is located in the middle as a place to give lectures. Three rooms on the second floor are connected to the first floor, surrounded by floors, bookshelves and 33 books of the history department. The second floor is dark and the light is extremely weak. Only books can be collected, which is not conducive to reading. On the third floor, except the stairwell at the west end, the other five rooms are connected, and each room is separated from the bookshelf by the front and rear columns, which is spacious and bright. There are 22 children's books and 28 books here, and there is also a royal couch in the Ming Dynasty for the emperor to enter the cabinet at any time. Emperor Qianlong was proud to have such a luxurious collection of books, and once wrote a poem: "Bing Shen's Gao Qian Song, fortunately, the book has become a shelf, ...". According to the regulations of the Qing Palace, ministers and officials who like ancient books and are diligent in learning can read books in the library with permission, but they must not damage the books or take them out of the library.

After the compilation of Sikuquanshu, it initially took six years to copy four original editions. Except one Wen Yuan Pavilion, the other three parts are stored in Wen Yuan Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion and Wenshui Pavilion, and the four pavilions are also called "North Temple Pavilion". After that, there are three volumes in Wenzong Pavilion, Wenhui Pavilion and Wen Lan Pavilion, which are called "Nansan Pavilion". Seven books have been lost or collected by the library. The Wen Yuan Pavilion is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.