Course nature: Ancient Chinese is a language course, an important basic course for secretarial major, and also a tool course.

Main tasks: to enable students to master the common sense and grammar essentials of ancient Chinese and have the ability to read ancient works and documents.

Second, the course teaching content

This course consists of three parts:

Part one? Summary of ancient Chinese

This paper mainly describes the characteristics of classical Chinese and ancient vernacular Chinese, their historical position and overall research, the research content and object of this course, the nature and learning methods of this course.

Part two? Ancient Chinese knowledge

(a) the text

1) How to look up the dictionary?

1. Three methods of arranging Chinese characters in Chinese dictionaries (word retrieval method);

2. Advantages and disadvantages of three Chinese character arrangements:

3. Several commonly used dictionaries and their functions:

(1) Look up the pronunciation and meaning of words in Xinhua Dictionary, Kangxi Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary.

(2) Ci Yuan and Ci Hai are often used to check words and allusions.

(3) The collection of poems and songs is often used to look up special words.

Requirements: 1, master three Chinese character detection methods; Understand the above dictionaries and their functions.

2, through the retrieval practice, familiar with these dictionaries, dictionaries and retrieval methods.

2) The structure and development of Chinese characters

1, Liu Shu and the physical structure of Chinese characters

2. A brief introduction to the four-character method

3. The structural form of pictophonetic characters and the radicals of Chinese characters.

4. Evolution of Chinese characters, variant characters and traditional characters.

Requirements: 1. Understand the name, definition and examples of "Six Books"

2. Understand the purpose of analyzing the structure of Chinese characters

3. Understand the structural form of pictophonetic characters and analyze the radicals of the characters.

4. Be able to distinguish variant characters and recognize traditional characters.

(2) Vocabulary

1) Similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings

1. Similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings:

2. Differences between ancient and modern meanings

3. How to distinguish the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings?

Requirements: 1. Find out the similarities and differences between ancient and modern words.

2, can distinguish the expansion, contraction and transfer of ancient and modern meanings, as well as the evaluation and weight of emotional color.

Don't mistake some connected monosyllabic words for disyllabic words.

2) Original meaning and extended meaning of words

Requirements: Understand what the original meaning and extension are, the relationship between the original meaning and extension, and the basic methods of extension.

3) Usage of notional words

1, flexible parts of speech

(1) Nouns, forms and numerals are used as general verbs.

(2) Nominalization of verbs and adjectives

(3) Causative usage

(4) conation usage

(5) Nouns are used as verbs

(6) Nouns are used as adverbials

2. Methods of identifying flexible parts of speech

3. Classification and usage of pronouns

4. Usage of quantifiers

Requirements: Know what flexible use of parts of speech is, master the methods of flexible use of content words and parts of speech mentioned above, and be able to translate them accurately.

4) Usage of function words

A) adverbs? Grammatical features and classification of adverbs and some noteworthy adverbs.

B) prepositions? Several prepositions with special usage: "Yu", "Yi", "Wei" and "Yu"

C) conjunction? Several important conjunctions: and, er, then, although, naturally sum it up.

D) mood particles? The common modal particles at the end of a sentence are "Ye", "Yi", "Ji" and "Hu".

Requirements: Master the classification, characteristics and usage of the above words.

5) Word order of ancient Chinese

1, three situations and conditions of prepositional objects in ancient Chinese

(1) When interrogative pronouns are used as objects

(2) When pronouns are used as objects in negative sentences.

(3) In order to emphasize the object, pronouns "Shi" and "Zhi" are used to refer to the object.

2. The word order of behavior quantity in ancient Chinese.

When (1) generally represents the number of behaviors,

(2) when emphasizing the number of behaviors

Requirements: 1. Three situations and conditions of mastering prepositional objects.

2. Master the word order indicating the number of behaviors.

(3) Sentence patterns

The basic form of 1) judgment sentence

2) Basic forms of passive sentences

3) Several situations of inverted sentences

4) Common forms of ellipsis sentences

5) Complex sentences

Requirements: Master the above sentence patterns and translate them correctly.

(D) Rhyme, even.

1, pre-Qin works rhyme

2. Rhyme of modern poetry

3. Flat and even

Requirements: 1. Make clear what is "ancient poetry", "modern poetry" and "ancient poetry" and the difference between the latter two.

2. Understand the rhyming features of poetry,

3. Master the four basic sentence patterns of translation and the methods of persistence.

4. Understand the requirements of regular poems.

(5) Relevant knowledge

1, ancient surname and first name

2. Ancient officials

3. Ancient geography

4. Ancient calendars

5. Antique? To learn ancient Chinese, we should not only pay attention to reading selected works, but also learn the theoretical knowledge of ancient Chinese, master the knowledge of words, phonology, vocabulary and grammar summarized by predecessors, and use it to control and analyze the language materials of ancient Chinese. This can really get twice the result with half the effort. In today's era of constantly updating knowledge, most people can't completely immerse themselves in ancient books like the ancients, and slowly explore and understand with their own perceptual experience. It takes too much effort and time to do so. Besides, we still have many advantages today, because our predecessors spent a lot of energy sorting out the regular knowledge about ancient Chinese for us. The knowledge of ancient Chinese covers a wide range, and the focus should be on learning vocabulary knowledge and grammar knowledge. Words are components of language. To understand ancient books, you must master at least 1000 common words.

The so-called common words refer to the words that are used most frequently in ancient books, not those that are rarely used. The so-called "mastery" is to understand and remember the common meanings of these commonly used words, especially those subtle differences, by comparing ancient and modern times. Historical records.