If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as bathroom and kitchen. You can also hide under tables, cabinets and other furniture and in the corner of the room, paying attention to protecting your head. Never hide under the balcony or window. ?
If there is an earthquake in the classroom, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or fight to get out. Students near the door can run outside quickly, and students in the middle and back rows can hide under the desks as soon as possible and cover their heads with schoolbags; Students who lean against the wall should stick to the root of the wall and cover their heads with their hands. ?
If you have left the room, don't go back to the house to get things immediately after the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, which pose a greater threat to people. ?
If there is an earthquake in public, don't panic and run around. You can improvise and hide in the nearest safe place, such as under the desk and cabinet, under the stage.
If you are in the street, don't run into the building to avoid danger. Don't stay in dangerous places such as tall buildings, billboards, narrow hutongs and bridges. ?
7. If it is buried in a building after the earthquake, we must first find a way to take out the object that is pressed above the abdomen; Cover your nose and mouth with towels and clothes to prevent smoke from choking; We should conserve our physical strength, try to find food and water, create living conditions and wait for help.
Extended data:
All kinds of signs in nature that may be related to the preparation and occurrence of earthquakes before earthquakes are called earthquake precursors. There are usually two types:
Micro-precursor: the changes before the earthquake that are not easily detected by human senses and can only be measured by instruments. For example, the deformation of the ground, the change of the earth's magnetic field and gravity field, the change of the chemical composition of groundwater, the activity of small earthquakes, etc.
Macroscopic precursors: earthquake precursors that can be perceived by human senses. Most of them are near the earthquake. Such as fluctuation and turbidity of well water, abnormal animal behavior, ground sound and ground light, etc.
groundwater anomaly
(1) Abnormal changes of water level and quantity. For example, during the dry season, the well water level rises and the spring water volume increases; In the rainy season, the water level drops or the spring stops flowing. Sometimes the well water flows by itself and sprays by itself.
② Changes of water quality. For example, well water and spring water change color, taste (such as bitter and sweet), turbidity and odor.
③ The change of water temperature. The water temperature exceeds the normal range.
4 others. Such as flower turning and bubbling, jet ringing, shaft wall deformation, etc.
Animals are "living instruments" for observing earthquake precursors. Before the earthquake, they often have various abnormal behaviors, which indicates the coming disaster to people. It has been found that hundreds of animals have some abnormal behaviors before the earthquake, among which there are more than 20 kinds of common abnormal reactions. The most common animal abnormal phenomena are:
Panic reaction: such as large livestock not entering the circle, dogs barking, birds or insects flying around, abnormal group migration, etc.
Inhibitory abnormality: if my behavior becomes slow or in a daze, I will be at a loss; Or refuse to eat, etc.
Changes in living habits: for example, hibernating snakes come out of holes, mice are not afraid of people during the day, and frogs go ashore in large numbers.
According to the acquisition method, seismic scientific data can be divided into five categories:
Observation data: including: earthquake, geomagnetism, gravity, topographic change, geoelectricity, underground fluid, strong vibration, current crustal movement and other observation data. This is the largest kind of data in earthquake science.
Detection data: including artificial earthquake, magnetotelluric, seismic flow array and other data.
Investigation data: including: seismic geology, earthquake disasters, earthquake field scientific research, engineering earthquake damage, earthquake damage prediction, earthquake remote sensing and other data.
Experimental data: including: structural physics experiment, neotectonic dating experiment, building structure seismic experiment, geotechnical earthquake engineering experiment and other data.
Thematic data: this kind of data is comprehensive data, which is mainly established to serve an important research topic, major engineering projects, comprehensive research in a specific region and other work objectives.
The lithosphere on the earth's surface is called the crust. Earthquakes are called earthquakes, which are caused by the rapid rupture and dislocation of the crust and strata after being stressed.
Earthquakes caused by geological tectonic activities are called tectonic earthquakes;
Earthquakes caused by volcanic activity are called volcanic earthquakes;
Earthquakes caused by the collapse of solid rocks (especially limestone) are called collapse earthquakes.
Earthquake is a very common and common natural phenomenon. However, due to the complexity of the crustal structure and the non-intuition of the focal region, there is still no satisfactory answer to how earthquakes, especially tectonic earthquakes, are bred and occurred, and what are their causes and mechanisms. But at present, it is recognized by scientists that tectonic earthquakes are caused by crustal plate movements.
Because the earth's rotation and revolution are endless, and its internal materials are constantly differentiated, the crust around the earth's surface, or lithosphere, is also constantly generated, evolved and moved, which has contributed to the global crustal tectonic movement. Scientists have experienced long-term observation, description and analysis of crustal structure and land-sea changes, and have successively formed different hypotheses, ideas and theories.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-earthquake