Pingyao Ancient City is the best preserved ancient county in China, and it is an outstanding model of Han cities in China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the historical development of China, it shows people an extremely complete picture of cultural, social, economic and religious development.
Pingyao Ancient City is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province in the north of China. It was built in the period of West Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC) and expanded in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1370), with a history of more than 2,700 years. So far, it has preserved the basic features of the county town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D.1368 ~191), and it is the most complete existing ancient city in the Han area of China.
Pingyao is located on the east bank of Fenhe River, at the southwest end of Taiyuan Basin, adjacent to Qixian County, another famous national historical and cultural city. Tongpu Railway and Dayun Expressway run through the county. The economy is dominated by agriculture, mainly producing grain, cotton, beef and lacquerware. Among them, beef is quite famous, and there are folk lyrics of "Pingyao Beef Taikoo Cake".
Pingyao was once the financial center of China in the late Qing Dynasty, with the most complete ancient county structure in China.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to the State of Jin, and in the Warring States Period, it belonged to the State of Zhao. Tao Ping County, located in Zhongdu County in Qin and Han Dynasties, is the capital of clan acting as king. The Northern Wei Dynasty was renamed Pingyao County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20 banks headquartered in Pingyao, accounting for more than half of the country, also known as "China's ancient Wall Street". The largest of these is Rishengchang, the first bank in China, which was founded in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty and is known as "Huitong World".
Pingyao basically retained the embryonic form of the county seat in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and was called the "turtle" city. The street pattern is in the shape of "earth", and the architectural layout follows the direction of gossip, which embodies the urban planning concept and shape distribution in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 300 sites and ancient buildings inside and outside the city, and nearly 4,000 well-preserved Ming and Qing dwellings. The shops on the street all reflect the original appearance of history, which can be called a living sample for studying ancient cities in China.
Pingyao City Wall was built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, with 6 city gates, 4 watchtowers and 72 watchtowers. Among them, the south gate wall collapsed in 2004, and most of the rest are still intact. It is one of the existing large-scale and well-preserved ancient city walls in China, and it is also the core component of Pingyao Ancient City, a world heritage. In addition, Zhenguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Confucian Temple are also included in the scope of world heritage protection.
Old Town of Lijiang started in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of 8900 years. Since the Ming Dynasty, Old Town of Lijiang has been called "Dayan Township", hence its name, because it lives in the center of Lijiang Dam, surrounded by green hills, and there is clear water between green fields, just like a big jade inkstone.
Historical track:
Lijiang belonged to Shu County of Qin State during the Warring States Period. Yue county in Korea.
The three countries belong to Yunnan county. Suiduan County was in the Southern Dynasties, and the ancestors of Naxi nationality moved here around this time.
In the Tang Dynasty, it was the governor's house of Yaozhou, followed by Tubo and Nanzhao, and it was called Sangchuan, which belonged to Jianchuan Festival.
In the Song Dynasty, Dali was a good county and began to build cities. Kublai Khan invaded Dali in the south. After crossing the Jinsha River with a leather bag on his back, he stationed troops here to train. At that time, the site of "A Ying" still existed. At that time, there were more than 1000 families, and it was changed to Lijiang Road in thirteen years. The name of Lijiang began, and it was named after Lijiang (the ancient name of Jinsha River) Bay.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the palace built by the local Tusi Mu was very beautiful. In his travel notes, Xu Xiake called it "the beauty of the palace, which means being king", while Lijiang House is "the county rich in crowns and lands". "Biography of Yunnan Tusi in Ming Dynasty" said that "Yunnan local officials all know poetry and books, and are good at etiquette and righteousness, headed by Lijiang Mu". The name of Fucheng Dayan also began in the Ming Dynasty. Because it is located in the center of Lijiang Bazi, surrounded by green hills and shaped like a giant inkstone platform, it is named Dayan (inkstone) room.
The Qing Dynasty was Lijiang Prefecture. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the land was changed to flow, ending the hereditary rule of the wooden chieftain since the Yuan Dynasty. Qianlong thirty-five years (1770), Lijiang county.
Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was founded in 196 1.
1997 12. Old Town of Lijiang successfully declared the world cultural heritage, which filled the gap that China has no famous historical and cultural city in the world cultural heritage.
Lijiang culture became a combination of Naxi culture and Han culture after the Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of returning to the motherland in 1723. Compared with the Naxi people in Zhongdian Bai Di (the birthplace of Dongba religion of Naxi people) on the west bank of Jinsha River and the Mosuo people in the east Lugu Lake area of Jinsha River, the Naxi community in Lijiang dam area was more influenced and assimilated by the Han culture in the Central Plains, and this assimilation process was gradually accelerated in the 1996 earthquake and subsequent tourism development.
Shexian county is a national historical and cultural city located at the foot of Huangshan Mountain. Since the Sui Dynasty,/kloc-0 has been under the jurisdiction of the county and the state for more than 300 years. Especially after the Song Dynasty, the development of Huizhou merchants brought cultural prosperity. Xin 'an Painting School is unique, Xin 'an Medicine is good at medicine, and Huizhou School has exquisite artistic skills. There are four emblems carved on Huizhou architecture, which occupies an important position in ancient architectural art gardens. There are "two treasures" in Four Treasures of the Study: Huimo and She Yan are from Shexian, and Huizhou cuisine, Huizhou opera, Huizhou printmaking, Huizhou seal cutting and Huizhou bonsai have all become Huizhou schools studied by scholars at home and abroad.
Today's ancient Huizhou City, ancient bridges, pagodas, ancient streets, Gu Xiang, ancient wells, ancient dams, Gu Lou and ancient squares are intertwined with simplicity and elegance; The villages and towns in the four townships have the charm of "small bridges and flowing water" everywhere, and the houses, ancestral temples and memorial archways in the Ming and Qing Dynasties can be seen everywhere. The combination of beautiful landscape and simple architecture makes people step into Shexian, just like stepping into a beautiful landscape gallery and a museum of classical architectural art.
The representative of Shexian culture is Huizhou culture. Huizhou culture was formed on the basis of advanced production technology and Central Plains culture brought by the four migrations of northern strong nationalities in Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Late Tang Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, it has become "Southeast Zou Lu" and "Land of Rites and Righteousness".
Huizhou culture is rich in connotation and has formed its own unique genre and style at all levels and in all fields.
Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism: a school with great influence in China's ideological history. Its founders are Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and its owner is Zhu. Their ancestral home is in Huizhou (now Huangdun, Tunxi District, Huangshan City). Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism attaches great importance to the logical demonstration of reason and desire, mind and matter, righteousness and benefit, morality, heaven and man and their relationship, and has rich writings, which promoted the rational thinking of Huizhou culture and cultivated a profound rationalism tradition.
Xin 'an Painting School: Xin 'an Painting has a long history. Their representatives are all adherents painters who were born at the foot of Huangshan Mountain and were in the process of changing dynasties. They are deeply desolate and aloof, advocating learning from nature, expressing their feelings for mountains and rivers, and their painting style tends to be dry and cold, reflecting the temperament of transcending customs and being as cold as ice. The leader of "Xin 'an Painting School" is Huang, the most famous master among modern descendants.
Huizhou Printmaking: The printmaking school that rose in Huizhou in the middle of Ming Dynasty is the artistic crystallization of the cooperation between Huizhou painters and printmakers. It is carved in the style of line drawing, rich and delicate, elegant and quiet, with a strong lyrical atmosphere.
Huizhou Architecture: It is a mature architectural school in the later period of China ancient society. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, with the rise of Huizhou merchants and the development of social economy, Huizhou-style gardens and residential buildings also developed synchronously, leaving Huizhou and taking root in major towns in the north and south of the Yangtze River. The technical characteristics and modeling style of Huizhou architecture are mainly reflected in residential buildings, temples, archways and gardens.
Langzhong City is located in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, in the northeast of Sichuan, in the middle reaches of Jialing River, with Bashan in the east, Jianmen in the west and Xiong Zhi in the north. It is a national historical and cultural city and China scenic tourism AAAA, known as "the first mountain in the world". Things are beautiful, culture is heavy, like a bright pearl, shining.
Langzhong covers an area of 1878 square kilometers, with a total population of 860,000, including 300,000 non-agricultural population and 260,000 urban population. Jurisdiction over 49 townships and 3 sub-district offices.
Langzhong is located in the northern margin of Sichuan Basin, with low terrain in the southwest and high terrain in the northeast. The average elevation of the urban area is 328-888 meters, mainly in low hills, with some hills and flat dams. The domestic flow is 59.4 kilometers long, and the forest coverage rate of the whole city reaches 4 1%.
Langzhong has a long history and was the capital of Pakistan during the Warring States Period. Langzhong County was established in 3 14 BC, with a history of more than 2,300 years. Counties, prefectures, prefectures, roads and administrative offices have been set up here in past dynasties. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Langzhong was the research center of ancient astronomy in China, and the famous astronomical characters set off in Langhong to create the taichu calendar method and the first armillary sphere in the world. Zhang Fei, a historian of Shu and Han dynasties, stayed in Langzhong for seven years; During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Langzhong was the temporary capital of Sichuan, which lasted for 10 years. Due to its unique geographical location, Langzhong has been the political, economic, military and cultural center of northern Sichuan in a long history. 1985, the State Council announced Langzhong as a national historical and cultural city; 199 1 Withdraw the county and set up a city, which is a municipality directly under the Central Government of Sichuan Province; 1992 the State Council approved the opening of the city; 200 1 was awarded as a national ecological demonstration city, and in 2004 it was awarded as an excellent tourist city in China.
Langzhong is known as "Fairyland in Yuen Long" and "Bashu Forest", and the poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty left a famous sentence here: "Langzhou is vast and sparsely populated in the south of the city". Known as "the first mountain in the world". History has given Langzhong a rich gift, leaving a splendid culture and nearly 200 places of interest, which still shine with dazzling brilliance. Langzhong is known as the largest "ancient city of geomantic omen" in Sichuan and one of the four best-preserved ancient cities in China. The well-preserved courtyards, monasteries, pavilions and stone carvings of the ancient People's Street in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties constitute Langzhong's unique tourism resources and rich cultural connotations. The magnificent tombs of Zhangfei Temple and Zhang Fei and the cultural relics of Han Shu site are important parts of the tourist hotline of the Three Kingdoms.