Health codes are based on actual data and can be generated by citizens or people who have returned to work through online declaration and background audit. As an individual entering and leaving electronic certificate locally, the QR code can be declared once, which is universal in the whole city.
Health codes generally have three colors, namely red, yellow and green. In some places, there are purple and orange, which are as follows:
1, the green code represents the health status that has been verified by the epidemic prevention data of the national government service platform.
2. The yellow code represents the sanitary condition that the data of the national government epidemic prevention service platform is not abnormal, but the field temperature measurement is abnormal.
3. Health status of confirmed and suspected cases verified by red team on behalf of epidemic prevention data of national government service platform.
4. There are purple codes in some areas, which belong to high-risk personnel, such as confirmed patients, suspected patients and asymptomatic infected people with positive nucleic acid test.
5. The orange code belongs to close contacts or suspects, and there are no symptoms and no abnormal records in the national database. The national system will automatically update the data for you, and the identity code will be automatically converted into a green code. Adjust the health code to find the national health department.
Changing and adjusting health laws and regulations belongs to epidemic prevention and control. When the disease prevention and control institutions find the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or receive the report of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, they shall take the following measures in time:
1. Conduct epidemiological investigation on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, carry out sanitary treatment on contaminated sites, take necessary preventive measures for close contacts, and propose epidemic control plans to the health administrative department;
2. When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, carry out sanitary treatment on the epidemic spot and epidemic area, put forward an epidemic control plan to the administrative department of health, and take measures according to the requirements of the administrative department of health.
The development and application of personal information "health code" is an important innovation in the field of "digital anti-epidemic" in COVID-19. As early as February 2020, Zhejiang Province launched the first provincial health code in China. Based on the development of mobile Internet technology, this mobile phone-based prevention and control model has been rapidly extended to the whole country.
During the epidemic, the health code is almost equal to the "health identity card". In different parts of China, different health codes have different consequences, among which "red team" with the highest risk level means travel restrictions, centralized isolation and so on.
Who administers health regulations? Who has the right to distribute red team? The interface news combs the news and finds that the coding rules of health coding are mainly formulated by provincial administrative units, but the competent units are different in different provinces. For example, the competent unit of "Health Treasure" in Beijing is Beijing Economic and Information Administration Bureau; The competent unit of "Su Kang Code" in Jiangsu Province is Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; The competent department of health coding in Hunan Province is the Hunan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee; The competent units of Liaoshitong in Liaoning Province are Liaoning Business Environment Construction Bureau and Provincial Information Center.
In the same province, the departments responsible for assigning codes are not unified. According to the Southern Metropolis Daily, in response to the red code incident of depositors in Henan Province, the staff of Henan Provincial Health and Health Commission said that the code distribution work was the responsibility of Henan Provincial Big Data Administration, and the staff of Henan Provincial Administrative Approval and Government Information Administration (formerly Henan Provincial Big Data Administration) introduced that the code distribution work was territorial management and the cities were responsible. Zhengzhou Big Data Administration also said that this situation belongs to the Social Prevention and Control Department under the Zhengzhou Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, and it is the directly affiliated institution of health code management.
The personnel responsible for transcoding work in various places are also varied. On May 17, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters in novel coronavirus, Hainan Province issued the Health Coding Rules of Hainan Province (Revised Edition), which showed that in order to control key personnel in time, transcoders in city and county headquarters, airports, docks, railway stations and other places can voluntarily change the "green code" into "red code" and "yellow code" according to the rules.
In addition, Hainan Province stipulates that the Provincial Big Data Administration will give a centralized response to the demand for more than 100 batches of red and yellow codes, and the city and county headquarters will arrange the personnel in charge of health code transcoding in this city and county (each city and county has only 1 person to avoid multi-head docking) to join the WeChat communication group to transmit relevant data, so as to avoid the disclosure of personal privacy data. 100 the following red and yellow code allocation requirements, please city and county headquarters to allocate the code.
Yu Yu, a professor at the School of Public Health of Wuhan University, told Interface News that at present, China's health codes are managed by local governments, which can flexibly handle and set health codes according to the local epidemic situation. "However, there is the possibility of abuse in local management. The key lies in how to supervise the use of health codes in various places, and it is best to achieve unified and standardized management throughout the country. " Yu said.
At the National People's Congress in 2020, some CPPCC members suggested unified management of health codes nationwide. In March, 2022, Cai Weiping, deputy of the National People's Congress and chief expert of the Center for Infectious Diseases of the Eighth Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, once again proposed at the two sessions of the National People's Congress that in order to strengthen the protection of personal information, health codes should be included in the unified management of the whole country and local health codes should be abolished.
Cai Weiping introduced to the interface news that the proposal was submitted based on two considerations: First, because the standards for giving different colors to health codes are different in different places, the information is not connected, and it is hoped to open up data islands; Second, some health laws and regulations have been abused. Cai Weiping said, "For example, in the normalized nucleic acid detection, if you don't do nucleic acid detection within a certain period of time, you will be given a yellow code or even a red code, forcing you to do nucleic acid, which actually exceeds the original intention of the design and use of health codes."
Virology expert Chang Rongshan introduced that one of the three principles of infectious disease prevention and control is to "isolate the source of infection". In the absence of traffic adjustment, you can also use the mobile phone positioning system to screen out objects that have close contact with the source of infection, so you often use the travel information of health code to trace the source. However, the "health code" is a last resort measure in epidemic prevention and control, which is to protect the public health and safety of most people and cannot be used for other purposes. Otherwise, in the future epidemic prevention and control, the health code may be deliberately avoided by the public, resulting in partial distortion of travel information. Even if there is 5% information distortion, traceability will become impossible. "
legal ground
Article 18 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall perform the following duties in the prevention and control of infectious diseases:
(a) the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control planning, plans and programs;
(2) Collecting, analyzing and reporting the monitoring information of infectious diseases, and predicting the occurrence and epidemic trend of infectious diseases;
(three) to carry out epidemiological investigation, on-site treatment and effect evaluation of infectious diseases and public health emergencies;
(four) to carry out laboratory detection, diagnosis and pathogen identification of infectious diseases;
(five) the implementation of immunization programs, responsible for the use and management of preventive biological products;
(six) to carry out health education and consultation, popularize the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control;
(seven) to guide and train lower-level disease prevention and control institutions and their staff to carry out infectious disease monitoring;
(eight) to carry out applied research and health evaluation on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and provide technical advice.
_ National and provincial disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for monitoring the occurrence, prevalence and distribution of infectious diseases, predicting the epidemic trend of major infectious diseases, proposing prevention and control countermeasures, participating in and guiding the investigation and handling of epidemic situations, identifying the pathogens of infectious diseases, establishing a testing quality control system, and conducting applied research and health evaluation.
_ Municipal and county-level disease prevention and control institutions with districts are responsible for implementing plans and programs for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, organizing the implementation of immunization, disinfection and control of biological hazards of vectors, popularizing knowledge of infectious diseases prevention and control, monitoring and reporting local epidemic situations and public health emergencies, and conducting epidemiological investigations and detection of common pathogenic microorganisms.