First, analyze the influence of ownership structure on college students' employment.
Ownership structure refers to the position, function and relationship of various forms of ownership in a certain social form. It reflects the external relations of various ownership systems.
The original ownership structure in China mainly includes: national ownership economy, collective ownership economy, individual economy, private economy and foreign capital economy. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's ownership forms are increasingly diversified, and the biggest highlight is the emergence of mixed economy. Mixed ownership economy refers to the economic form in which property rights belong to different owners, that is, in the ownership structure, there are both state-owned and collective-owned economies, non-public economies such as individual, private and foreign capital, and joint ventures and cooperative economies of state-owned and collective components. The rise and development of mixed ownership economy has produced a huge demand for labor, and the change of ownership structure determines the direction and scale of labor flow to a certain extent. However, according to the survey of college students' employment intention by relevant institutions, 35.4% are willing to go to party and government organs, 18.9% to state-owned institutions, 17.8% to teaching and research institutions, 13.6% to state-owned enterprises and1to foreign-funded enterprises. On the contrary, among enterprises willing to recruit college students, private enterprises account for 46%, and state organs, state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions account for 22.3%. Such a big contrast between supply and demand has led to the current situation that it is difficult for college students to find jobs.
Second, the impact of industrial structure on the employment of college students
Industrial structure refers to the composition of various industries and the relationship and proportion between them. The change of labor employment structure is caused by the transfer between industrial structures, and economic development will be accompanied by the change of industrial structure. When people's living standards improve, consumer institutions will also change, thus shifting the industrial structure from the primary industry to the secondary industry. When the economy develops to a certain level, the industrial structure will shift from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry. Then, the labor force will be adjusted accordingly, and the "three, two, one" model will appear.
According to the 20 13 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, China's GDP in 20 13 was 56,884.5 billion yuan, of which the added value of the secondary industry was 24,968.4 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%. The added value of the tertiary industry was 262.204 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3%. The added value of the tertiary industry is 65.438+0.252 billion yuan more than that of the secondary industry, and the growth rate is 0.5 percentage points faster. The tertiary industry accounts for 4.6 1% of GDP. According to statistics, in 20 13, the added value of the tertiary industry in China surpassed that of the secondary industry for the first time. In terms of growth rate, after 2008, the growth rate of added value of the tertiary industry once again surpassed that of the secondary industry. Moreover, the employment elasticity coefficient of the tertiary industry is good, so college graduates should choose the tertiary industry more. Compared with the secondary industry, the tertiary industry is more stable and growing faster. At the same time, services such as finance and information are more attractive to college students because of their high technical content and rich remuneration, which will directly lead to the total number of college students employed in the tertiary industry and the increasing proportion of employed people and total employed people with the upgrading of industrial structure.
Thirdly, the influence of regional structure on college students' employment is analyzed.
At present, the regional mobility of college students' employment has obvious characteristics: first, the mobility between the eastern, central and western regions is unbalanced, and the overall flow of college students is concentrated in the eastern region and scattered in the central and western regions; Second, the flow between provinces and regions within major regions is unbalanced, which is mainly manifested in the trend of centralized flow to large cities and developed provinces in the region. However, with the national policy of supporting the development of the western region and the development of the old industrial base in Northeast China, the flow of graduates into the eastern coastal areas is slowing down, while the number of graduates entering the western region and Northeast China is increasing significantly. We analyzed the characteristics of regional mobility of college students' employment. Although this flow has promoted the economic take-off in the east and played a positive role in the reform and opening up and sustained and rapid economic development, its shortcomings have also been exposed with the deepening of reform and structural upgrading. For example, the imbalance of college students' mobility aggravates the imbalance of regional economic development, exacerbates the difficulties of college students' employment, and becomes an obstacle to the smooth implementation of the national development strategy. At the same time, the imbalance in the employment areas of college students restricts the effective allocation of national educational resources, and is also not conducive to the development and growth of college students themselves.
Fourth, the basic ideas to solve the employment of college students
1. Accelerate policy adjustment and system innovation, and promote deep opening up.
In the future, we should further encourage the development of mixed ownership economy, improve investment promotion methods, improve the promotion of investment in various fields to the economy, actively guide the flow of capital to infrastructure in the central and western regions, form a development pattern of multi-level and multi-field linkage of industrial structure and global allocation of production factors, focus on improving the quality and level of capital utilization and increase the demand for high-quality talents.
2. Strengthen the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure and increase the absorption of high-quality talents.
First, consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture, strengthen investment in the primary industry, improve the development speed and industrial level of the primary industry, and attract agricultural college students to find jobs; Second, it is necessary to adjust the investment structure within the secondary industry and further clarify the relationship between labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries in the secondary industry; Third, we should speed up the structural upgrading of the tertiary industry and promote its healthy development. At the same time, we should strengthen the system improvement from the aspects of financial market, technical information market and labor market, vigorously explore the market for the development of the tertiary industry and attract relevant professional college students to find jobs.
3. Promote the coordinated development of regional economy and balance the employment distribution of college students.
Vigorously support small and medium-sized enterprises that have occupied an important position in the social economy, thus driving the increase of total social employment; Secondly, vigorously develop the construction of small and medium-sized cities and the western region, create a good environment for college students to go to work all over the country, thus increasing social employment posts; Finally, continue to increase college students' grassroots employment assistance and expand the total employment.
4. Accelerate the reform of the social security system and improve the talent flow mechanism. First, speed up the establishment of a social security system with wide coverage, establish and improve the basic old-age insurance system combining social pooling with individual accounts, and form a mechanism for the state, collectives and individuals to reasonably bear the basic old-age insurance premium. The second is to innovate the social insurance management system and operation mechanism, and comprehensively strengthen the collection and management of social insurance premiums. The third is to fundamentally make up for the shortage of social security for floating population, establish and improve the social security system for floating population, and realize the system guarantee for floating population.
5. Encourage college students to start businesses and increase entrepreneurial support.
Encourage the establishment of entrepreneurial parks, provide effective training and guidance services and policy support for small enterprises entering the park for a certain period of time, improve the management level and market competitiveness of entrepreneurial enterprises, improve the stability rate of entrepreneurship, subsidize qualified entrepreneurial college students, further improve the policy of small secured loans, and innovate the management model of small secured loans. Small secured loans can be provided to college students who are registered as unemployed, start their own businesses and have insufficient self-raised funds.