Lead: Students' psychological problems are the focus of education in many schools. Regarding the psychological problems of unemployed college students, the following is the relevant content I have compiled for you, hoping to bring you help!
First, the psychological problems of unemployed college students.
With the establishment and improvement of the talent market, "two-way choice" has become the main way and important stage for college students to step into society, find employment opportunities and show their talents. However, due to China's economic system, urban-rural differences and human factors, the "two-way choice" mechanism needs to be improved, and there are still problems in the employment of college students. Especially after the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the market employment pressure is further intensified. At the same time, many graduates don't want to go to remote areas, afraid of leaving big cities and don't want to go to the grassroots. They just want to work in big enterprises, big companies or units that earn more money. However, after so many years of development, the employment opportunities in big cities and large enterprises are becoming more and more limited, and this employment mentality is becoming more and more divorced from reality, causing various psychological pressures to unemployed college students.
Unemployed college students experience quite serious employment pressure, especially psychological experience. The psychological problems of most unemployed college students are: first, the sense of expectation and loss of employment psychology; Second, the concept of employment is unreasonable, which shows that it pays attention to immediate interests and ignores career development. Professional standards are too utilitarian, hierarchical and stable, and the traditional concept of finding a job at one time is deeply rooted, with too much emphasis on professional counterparts and applying what they have learned, and improper understanding of the meaning of occupation; Third, the employment personality defect is manifested as blind conformity and dependence; Fourth, the employment frustration tolerance is poor; The fifth is inferiority and arrogance; Sixth, paranoia and interpersonal barriers; Seventh, the problem of employment mentality is characterized by excessive anxiety and impatience.
Second, the analysis of other problems caused by college students' unemployment.
A research group in Peking University conducted a questionnaire survey on the employment situation of graduates from 34 universities in 7 provinces in that year, and reached the following conclusions: the employment rate of college graduates from families with higher social status or economic status is higher than the average employment rate, while the employment rate of college graduates from families at the bottom of society is lower than the average employment rate; The implementation rate of college graduates from civil servants' families is about 14 percentage points higher than that from farmers' families. The higher the social status of parents, the higher the average starting salary of college graduates. It can be inferred that unemployed college students are mainly composed of college graduates from rural areas with low family status. This survey at least shows that it is more difficult for college students from rural families to find jobs.
This means that most farmers fully support the development of education, and once there is a student employment crisis, it is still mainly passed on to farmers. As a result, there is a shocking educational and social phenomenon in China: a large number of unemployed college students born in rural areas wander around the towns and become part of the knowledge wanderers. In other words, the unfair employment distribution system in colleges and universities has blocked the upward flow of peasant college students. On the one hand, once admitted to colleges and universities, it will become an enrollment system for urban residents, keeping them away from the land; On the other hand, once you can't get employment in the current period, you can't stand in the city and face the embarrassment of returning to the countryside. Therefore, they can only become "vagrants" who can't get to the sky and get to the ground. According to relevant surveys, a very small number of unemployed college students have been dominated by hooliganism, while a large number of young intellectual vagrants composed of unemployed college students are on the verge of retreating to the moral bottom line.
Third, the causes of psychological problems of unemployed college students.
1, did not fully understand the professional value and establish reasonable professional values. When solving the employment problem, some unemployed college students mainly consider the working conditions and salary level of their jobs, but don't think too much about the influence and role of their jobs on their career development. On the basis of investigating the actual demand of the job market, they did not establish the job-hunting concept of attaching importance to the career development prospects, giving full play to their talents and promoting career success.
2, poor psychological endurance, can not calmly face unemployment setbacks. In the face of fierce competition in the job market, unemployed college students will always encounter many setbacks, difficulties and grievances in the process of job hunting. For example, "hot" majors are good at finding jobs, but they have learned "unpopular"; Another example is that unemployed female college students sometimes encounter gender discrimination in their employment. Faced with these problems, some unemployed college students just complain about their misfortunes, but they can't adjust their mentality to improve their psychological endurance to various emergencies.
3. Immature employment mentality and lack of psychological adjustment methods. In the process of solving the employment problem, some unemployed college students have some unhealthy mentality. They are always overly worried about failing to apply for a job again, fearing that they will have psychological obstacles summarized by the media. They can't actively adjust their bad mentality and are afraid of the topic of unemployed college students. They don't want to talk to their family and friends about their unemployment thoughts and psychological problems, and always "close themselves up".
Fourth, how to adjust the unemployment psychology.
1, say something
The more you communicate, the broader your mind and the more flexible your thinking. When a person accumulates his troubles and pains repeatedly, but doesn't want to be exposed to the outside world, but suppresses or buries them in his heart, once he encounters the stimulation or pressure in life, his troubles will be aggravated, and finally his psychological imbalance will lead to mental illness or psychosomatic disease.
It's not good to keep the pressure completely in your heart. Once it breaks out, the consequences will be very serious. There was a big traffic jam in San Francisco, USA. A person is impatient and out of control. He jumped out of the car and shot 12 innocent people. In the view of social behaviorists, it was not the traffic jam that made him shoot and kill people, but the pressure in the past was not relieved in time, and the traffic jam was only the fuse to detonate the pressure.
When you have troubles that you can't solve, talk to friends and relatives, even if it is a big cry, vent your bad emotions and release your repressed emotions, which will balance your body and mind and be beneficial to your health.
The best way to relieve psychological crisis is to talk, such as religious confession and psychological counseling, and its main content is to talk. The significance of talking is to eliminate bad emotions and achieve psychological balance. We should boldly break through ourselves and change our closed personality. Strive for every opportunity to talk, whether it is family or ordinary friends, because pouring out your heart and telling your troubles and misfortunes will not make the unemployed more sad or embarrassed. At the same time, it is very likely that through heart-to-heart, the unemployed can get useful information and even find a job again.
Remember not to use unhealthy venting or coping styles, such as drinking, fighting, complaining, saying strange things, etc. This will not help to solve your psychological troubles, but will aggravate your psychological pain.
Step 2 be humorous
Humor is a relaxing agent for people who are nervous and stressed. When a person is nervous, proper humor can cope with the tense and embarrassing situation and make the mood return to normal. Secondly, humor makes people laugh, which helps to relax muscles, relieve stress, restore normal mentality and get rid of stress. Humor improves immunity. Laughter is a lubricant for mental health, which helps to drive away troubles and eliminate mental fatigue. Therefore, when you are anxious, you might as well have some humor, find some jokes and smile to solve your worries.
3. Adjust the concept of re-employment.
Change is meaningful. In the economic downturn, the original employment concept has obviously not adapted to the changes in the employment environment. Instead of clinging to shortcomings, it is better to re-plan your career. Real life is quite complicated for everyone. Therefore, the ideals and requirements of self should be based on reality and ability, and don't set too high a goal that is difficult for self to achieve. Otherwise, failing to reach the goal will lead to inferiority and incompetence, which will eventually lead to depression and anxiety. Generally speaking, the higher the goal, the greater the pressure. Therefore, in real life, don't criticize yourself or others, and maintain a normal and healthy mentality, which is conducive to relieving various pressures. The heart is there, the dream is there, and there is true love between heaven and earth. Seeing success or failure is a hero, just start all over again!
Unemployment is a heavy blow to everyone, a severe test of psychological endurance and a difficult choice for the direction of life. I hope everyone facing unemployment can strengthen their confidence and give up their inferiority complex. There is no volcano that can't be turned over! Is unemployment really a sad thing? If you can arrange and change your values to enjoy this "long vacation", you may see scenery that you never saw before, no matter how much money you earn.
Extended reading
How to do a good job in college students' mental health education
College students are a special group, and society places high expectations on them. The gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system has brought unprecedented psychological impact to contemporary college students. How to cultivate college students' healthy psychology has become an important topic that ideological and political workers in colleges and universities must seriously study. In recent years, the mental health problems of college students have aroused widespread concern in society. On March 1 day, 2006, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Strengthening Mental Health Education for College Students", demanding that attention be paid to mental health education for college students. In 2003, the Ministry of Education and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League officially established May 25th of each year as "National Mental Health Day for College and Middle School Students", calling on the whole society to pay attention to the mental health problems of college and middle school students. It can be seen that college students' mental health education has been highly valued by the whole society. In order to comprehensively and better promote college students' quality education, fully understand and master their mental health status, comprehensively improve their psychological quality, continuously strengthen mental health education, and make college students adapt to the requirements of society for talent quality, we must actively explore new methods of mental health education for college students. Only in this way can college students' mental health education take a new step.
First of all, we began to analyze the orientation of college students as a special group. At present, China is in an important period of economic development. The development of knowledge economy puts forward higher requirements for talent training and quality education of college students. How to adapt to the needs of social development is an important issue before us. We will analyze and discuss from the following aspects:
First, the causes of mental health problems of college students:
College life is the most passionate and colorful period. This period means starting to break away from parents and family, and starting to plan and build their own independent lifestyle and psychological world. This period is also the key period of "psychological weaning" that people often say. In this process, various contradictions and conflicts are intertwined, and our society is in the background of social transformation and change. Some social influences and their own defects have caused many psychological problems for college students. The data show that the psychological problems or mental disorders of college students such as depression, anxiety, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, personality disorder and mental illness are between 16-30%. The State Education Commission has approved 12. 60,000 college students were investigated and tested, and it was found that 20-23% of them had obvious psychological barriers. Every year, dozens of college students commit suicide because of lovelorn love, failed exams, interpersonal conflicts and frustrated life. In addition, with the increase of only children among college students, psychological problems will become more prominent. First, interpersonal relationship is the primary problem that college students encounter. According to the survey, a considerable number of students lack interpersonal experience and the ability and courage to express themselves and communicate with others in public. Faced with various activities, they are full of enthusiasm and worried about failure. Over time, they even avoid participation, which hinders the establishment of good interpersonal relationships. Secondly, the problem of emotional change. Because of youth, inexperience, extreme views on problems and insufficient understanding of things. Self-control and self-regulation are low, and they are easy to be emotional and moody. When they are in a good mood, they should be reasonable. When you are in a bad mood, people stay away from you.
Second, academic problems are also a big problem that plagues them. After entering the university, in addition to studying my own professional courses, I also taught myself some courses urgently needed by society. Coupled with the study of minor subjects and the pressure of passing computer and English exams, I have been studying hard and have been facing the war for a long time. The pressure is too great and the learning effect is not good. If this goes on, it will cause problems such as nervousness, insomnia and exam anxiety.
Third, the issue of love and sex is also an unavoidable issue. Most college students are in physiological maturity, and their sexual awareness is enhanced. This period is eager to associate with the opposite sex. However, due to the incomplete maturity of sexual psychology and the lack of life experience, the incorrect understanding of adolescent sexual impulses and sexual requirements will lead to some nervous, fearful, shy and even incorrect behaviors. In addition, psychological problems caused by excessive employment competition pressure, family economic difficulties and physical defects are also worthy of attention.
Second, college students' mental health education is of great significance to the full implementation of quality education:
Contemporary college students are the main force of future social construction and the pillar of society. They not only need real talents and practical knowledge that contribute to society, but also need good social adaptability and healthy psychology. College students' mental health education is the need of college students' physical and mental development, which is directly related to the quality of personnel training, the development of China's socialist cause and the improvement of national mental outlook and psychological quality. Carrying out mental health education in colleges and universities is the need to cultivate college students' sound personality and promote the development of their will, personality and temperament. It is the need to adapt to the future social competition, implement quality education and improve and strengthen ideological and political work in colleges and universities. At present, some college students' mental health problems seriously hinder their intellectual potential development, academic progress, the formation of good moral quality and normal interpersonal communication. Therefore, college students' mental health education has become a very important topic in quality education, which is of far-reaching and important significance to China's education and education development. It is an indispensable and important part of the overall implementation of quality education.
Third, measures should be taken to solve the psychological problems of college students:
People's psychological quality is not innate, but depends on acquired education and training, and education plays a decisive role in the cultivation and improvement of psychological quality. Our school has made many explorations and attempts in the psychological quality education of college students, and carried out a series of work, which has achieved good results, but there are also many shortcomings to be improved. The following are effective educational measures:
1, give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.
School psychological consultation is an important way to improve students' psychological health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. With the passage of time, psychological counseling has been recognized and accepted by more and more people, and more and more colleges and even middle schools have begun to set up psychological counseling institutions. Psychological counseling can guide students to reduce inner contradictions and conflicts, solve their worries and difficulties, and develop their physical and mental potential. It can also help students understand themselves correctly, grasp themselves and adapt to the external environment effectively. In recent years, the psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse, which has become the most effective way for college students' psychological quality education.
2. Carry out mental health survey of freshmen to realize early detection and prevention of psychological problems.
The premise of developing psychological quality education is to understand the situation of mastering students' psychological quality, so as to put forward targeted educational measures and programs. Our school conducts a mental health survey of freshmen every year. Students with psychological symptoms were screened out by using the "mental health questionnaire", and they were invited to the psychological counseling center for further diagnosis through interviews and analysis. About 15% freshmen are invited for an interview every year. According to the interview analysis, different types and degrees of problems are distinguished, and different countermeasures are taken to prevent problems before they happen, so that students can find psychological problems early and intervene in time, so that they can get them at the beginning of enrollment.
3. Infiltrate psychological quality education into the teaching of various subjects.
Implementing psychological quality education through teaching in various disciplines is not only the way for schools to implement psychological education, but also the inevitable requirement for the development of teaching in various disciplines. The teaching process of various subjects contains extremely rich psychological education factors. In the process of imparting knowledge, teachers should pay attention to students' psychological needs, stimulate students' interest in learning, and dig deep into the inherent educational significance of knowledge, so that the knowledge, experience and skills formed in human history can be transformed into their own spiritual wealth, into students' ideological views, life values and good psychological quality, thus improving students' comprehensive quality.
4. Offering compulsory courses of psychological education to improve self-education ability.
The improvement of psychological quality is inseparable from the mastery of corresponding knowledge. Systematic study of psychology, hygiene and health is helpful for students to understand the law of psychological development, master psychological adjustment methods and enhance their self-education ability. The effect of psychological quality education depends on the initiative and enthusiasm of students' self-education and the level of students' self-education ability to a great extent. Therefore, psychological quality education is to focus on cultivating students' ability of self-education.
5. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good psychological and social environment for the healthy growth of college students.
The healthy growth of college students is inseparable from a healthy psychological and social environment, and the cultivation of college students' psychological quality is inseparable from a good campus cultural atmosphere. School spirit is an important content of campus culture construction, and it is also an important condition that affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychological quality. For example, the school spirit of unity and friendship is the soil for students to form group cohesion and collective sense of honor, which is conducive to maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships and promoting mutual communication and help among students. Colorful campus cultural activities help to cultivate students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and cheerful emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should attach importance to the construction of campus culture, carry out various forms of cultural and sports activities and academic activities, and form a healthy and upward atmosphere and a relaxed understanding environment, which will help students deepen their self-awareness, fully develop their personality and improve their adaptability.
Fourth, actively explore the effective ways and best methods of mental health education for college students;
Mental health education in colleges and universities is not a special task in a certain period, but an organic part of quality education. The Ministry of Education clearly pointed out in the Opinions on Strengthening College Students' Mental Health Education that college students' mental health education should focus on construction and be education-oriented. Mental health education should take classroom teaching and extracurricular education guidance as the main channels and basic links, and form a mental health education network and system that closely combines classroom and extracurricular, education and guidance, consultation and self-help. In order to implement the work and truly achieve pertinence, effectiveness and initiative, the following aspects should be done well in specific work:
First, offer mental health education courses. Incorporate mental health education courses into the teaching curriculum system, incorporate mental health education courses into the curriculum plan, and compile teaching materials and study guides according to the mental health development target system, so that mental health education has certain operability, popularize necessary psychology and mental health knowledge, and improve college students' understanding of mental quality education; Stimulate their enthusiasm for actively participating in psychological training activities; Make them have a clear understanding of their situation; According to the psychological problems of college students at different stages, preventive education is carried out. To make them learn self-regulation, the content and form of activities should be scientific, applicable, operable and interesting, so as to improve the attraction and educational ability of mental health education.
Second, optimize the educational environment and carry out various activities. In addition to offering mental health education courses, we should also widely publicize and popularize mental health knowledge by using media such as radio, campus network, hospital newspaper, school magazine and blackboard newspaper. Discuss hot issues of students from time to time, such as freshmen's role adaptation, middle-grade students' learning problems, making friends, and recent graduates' job selection, etc., and hire relevant experts to hold lectures to let students know new knowledge and trends in time, hold mental health activity weeks, and carry out various forms of activities, especially group training, such as will training, adaptation training, role exchange, etc. So as to enhance their sense of participation in the activities.
Third, advocate the self-education of the subject, establish its subjective consciousness, reflect its participation, and realize its educational purpose. Therefore, college students' mental health education must also actively advocate self-education. In classroom teaching, teachers should pay attention to inspiring students' psychological quality. In the guidance of extracurricular education, counselors and teachers pay attention to guiding students to actively participate in various community activities, so that students can continuously improve their abilities of self-survival, self-regulation, self-motivation, self-development and self-cognition, so that college students' self-awareness of mental health can be continuously enhanced, and they can learn to use self-psychological adjustment methods to eliminate psychological confusion, adapt to the changes of complex social environment, and face themselves, the collective and society with a normal heart. Thus, the external educational requirements of "establishing mental health awareness, optimizing psychological quality, enhancing psychological adjustment ability and social life adaptability, and preventing and alleviating psychological problems" are transformed into the conscious actions of college students to pursue mental health.
Fourth, carry out psychological counseling. It is necessary to set up a psychological counseling center to improve the scientific nature of psychological counseling, with professionals sitting in the clinic and formulating rules, regulations and timetables; For some students who need help, use psychology and related theories and techniques to help them stand on their own feet, improve their ability to cope with setbacks and various unfortunate events, or change visitors in some way; At the same time, the psychological differences of college students exist objectively by establishing students' psychological files. Only by establishing psychological files can we prescribe the right medicine in ideological work. Implement a psychological investigation system, find problems in time, feed back information in time, track some students with problems, and transfer some students with particularly serious psychological disorders and mental illness to professional hospitals for corresponding treatment.
Fifth, establish a professional team of mental health education teachers. At present, the ranks of mental health education teachers in Chinese universities are uneven. Some of these teachers are psychology majors, some are medical majors, some are ideological and political education or other majors, and most of them are part-time, with heavy workload, few opportunities for further study and lack of professional ability. It is necessary to train these teachers. In addition, in colleges and universities, counselors and class teachers should be trained in relevant majors to improve their ability to engage in ideological and political work. They can also improve their working methods, discover students' psychological problems in time, and channel, vent and transfer students' psychological problems in college in time. Taking the road of prevention is far better than "mending after the sheep is dead".
To sum up, in order to help college students get rid of all kinds of troubles in adolescence, adapt to all kinds of pressure challenges from study and life, cultivate their sound personality and promote their all-round development, it has become a top priority to popularize mental health education in colleges and universities in China at the right time. College students' mental health education faces complicated environment and arduous tasks. From the international environment, with the rapid development of economic globalization, the integration and conflict, contradiction and confusion of different civilizations, cultures and lifestyles are very prominent; From the domestic environment, with the deepening of the reform of the socialist market economic system, social and economic components, employment methods, distribution methods, interest relations and values are increasingly diversified, and social thoughts are unprecedentedly active, changeable and complex; From the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in information network technology and communication means. Internet has become an important channel for college students to obtain knowledge and information, and an important place to express their thoughts and exchange their feelings, which has a great influence on college students' psychology. From the perspective of higher education itself, higher education has entered the stage of popularization, and the scale, quality, structure and social status of college students have undergone profound changes. Problems such as paying for school, choosing their own jobs and the gap between the rich and the poor in their families make the psychological problems of contemporary college students more prominent. Mental health education for college students is a long-term and arduous project, which requires the joint efforts of ideological and political educators. In order to promote college students' physical and mental health and all-round development, we must establish a correct concept, take active and effective measures, take college students' health education as a major event, and make new and greater contributions to the healthy growth of students and the progress of human society.
;