In pre-Qin period, the ancients had surnames and surnames, and surnames and surnames were two different concepts. Surname is the code of a tribe, indicating ancestors and origins, while surnames are the codes of various branches of the tribe, indicating descendants. Generally speaking, a tribe has only one surname, but it can have many surnames. This is a custom handed down from primitive clan society, and it is a custom to distinguish kinship tribes by surnames and branches by surnames.
For example, Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, had 25 sons. Huangdi himself was originally named Gongsun, and later changed his surname to Ji and Xuanyuan, also known as Xiong. The Yellow Emperor had 14 sons who were enfeoffed in various places and were given 12 surnames, namely, Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng and Kuai.
Other sons who have not been enfeoffed, or who have been given the surname Ji, are still the tribes of the Yellow Emperor, and then use different surnames to distinguish the code names of these sons. The monarchs of Yao, Shun, Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in later generations were descendants of the Yellow Emperor, so thousands of surnames and surnames were derived and became descendants of China people in later generations. If surnames and surnames are not used, it is difficult to understand the relationship between ancestors and descendants.
During the Warring States period, Qin and Zhao had similar relations. Let's start with the state of Qin.
The ancestors of Qin were also descendants of the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and Zhuan Xu was one of the five emperors named Lai. In Zhuan Xu, a descendant named Nu Wa had a great career. Daye married the daughter of Shaodian tribe, named Nvhua, and gave birth to Daye. Shun rewarded Yi with a pair of black flags.
Fei Da gave birth to two sons: Da Lian, the eldest son, and Su Shi, the bird; If the second son is wood, the name fee will be paid. Fei has a great-grandson, who once drove for Shang Tang and took part in the crusade. Da Lian has two great-grandchildren, named He Zhong You. Meng Qian and Zhong You also worked for King Taiwu of Shang Dynasty, and Zhong You's descendants also assisted Shang Dynasty, many of whom contributed to becoming princes.
Zhong You has a great-grandson named Zhong You, Zhong You has a son named Fei Lian, and Fei Lian has two sons named E Lai and Ji Sheng. Both Fei Lian and his son assisted Shang Zhouwang. Eli is strong, brave, good at fighting and loyal to Shang Zhouwang. Zhou Wuwang crusaded against Shang Zhouwang, Hubei was killed, the Shang Dynasty also perished, and history entered the Zhou Dynasty.
After Elei was killed, a son survived. Female defense gave birth to a son named Pang Gao, Pang Gao gave birth to a son named Tai Chi, and Tai Chi gave birth to a son named Rhoda. Rhoda has a son named concubine who is good at raising horses and other animals. Later, the concubine helped Zhou raise horses, and Zhou Li was the heir. Maybe the concubine is not the eldest son, but because of her meritorious service in raising horses.
The ancestor of the queen also had a daughter who married the ancestor of the queen, so she asked Zhou to give her a concubine, so Zhou gave her a piece of land. This land is the land of Qin, the earliest fief of Qin, and the concubine is called the ancestor of Qin, and the concubine is not a vassal. At this time, Qin really became a vassal state of the period.
So the ancestry of Qin ancestors is like this:
Huangdi → Changyi → Zhuan Xu → Nuwa → Daye → Fei Da → Dalian → Zhongyan → Zhongwa → Concubine → Elei → Nuwa → Gaopan → Taiji → Rhoda → Concubine.
Let me talk about Zhao again. As mentioned above, it is the ancestor of Won surname, and Won surname is not only the ancestor of Qin, but also the ancestor of Zhao. The branches of Zhao and Qin started from the son of Fei Lian in the late Shang Dynasty. As mentioned earlier, Fei Lian has two sons. The eldest son, Elei, is the ancestor of Qin State, and the second son, Jisheng, is the ancestor of Zhao State. Therefore, from Jisheng, Zhao State is said.
Biography of Zhao in Historical Records: Zhao's predecessor and Qin's ancestor. When you get to Zhongyan, you will be the emperor. His descendants are famous for having two sons. His first son, named Elei, was killed by Zhou, followed by Qin. Hubei's brother said Ji Sheng, followed by Zhao.
The history books also recorded the relationship between Qin and Zhao, indicating that Zhao's ancestors and Qin people were the same ancestor. When it reached Zhongyan, he gave a driver to Taiwu, king of Shang Dynasty. William, the descendant of Zhongyan, has two sons. One of the sons, named Elei, was a courtier and was killed by Zhou people. His descendants are Qin people. E Lai's younger brother's name is Jisheng, and his descendant is Zhao.
Ji Sheng gave birth to a son named Meng Zeng and Zhai Gao Wolf. Meng Huo was favored by Zhou Chengwang. Meng Huo gave birth to a son named Fu Heng and another son named Zaofu. Zhao Fu once presented a famous horse to Zhou Muwang, which was favored by Zhou Muwang. Zhao Fu also drove to Zhou Muwang, met with the Queen Mother of the West, and went to the East to quell the rebellion in Xu Yanwang. Father successfully drove the car. Zhou Muwang gave Zhao Cheng to his father, and then his father's descendants gave it to him.
Zhao Fu's sixth grandson is an election father. He once drove to Zhou Xuanwang and saved Zhou Xuanwang. His election father gave birth to a son named Uncle Dai. During the period, uncle Dai left Zhou Wang to serve the Duke of Jin, and later became the great prime minister of the State of Jin. Dai Shu's fifth grandson, Zhao rewelding, led an army to crusade against Huo Guo. Because of his merits, he was granted land.
Zhao rewelding gave birth to a son named * * * Meng, and * * * Meng gave birth to another son named, who once served, that is, later. 19, Zhao Shu went into exile with Zhong Er, and finally Zhong Er returned to the state of Jin to become a monarch. Zhao Shu was appointed as a doctor and presided over the politics of Jin State. Zhao's ancestor was a doctor, and his ninth grandson was later.
So the ancestry of Zhao's ancestors is like this:
Huangdi → Changyi → Zhuan Xu → Nuwa → Daye → Fei Da → Dalian → Zhongyan → Zhongyan → Fei Lian → Jisheng → Meng Zeng → Hengfu → Zaofu → Choosing Father → Dai Shu → Zhao rewelding → * * Meng → Zhao failure.
If Zhao became a vassal in 403 BC, this year was also the beginning of the Warring States Period. By the end of Shang Dynasty, that is, BC 1046, Zhao and Qin were a family 643 years ago. They are all after Dafei and Huangdi, so we can say that Zhao and Qin Dou are descendants of Huangdi.