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Small boats and ships, all kinds of ships. Ships are means of transportation or operation that can sail or berth in waters, and have different technical performance, equipment and structural types according to different use requirements.
Ship is a kind of man-made means of transportation that mainly runs in geographical waters. In addition, civilian ships are generally called ships, military ships are called ships, and small ships are called boats or boats, collectively referred to as ships or boats. The interior mainly includes accommodation space, supporting structure and drainage structure, and there is a propulsion system using external or self-contained energy.
The appearance is generally a linear envelope of fluid resistance, and the materials are constantly updated with the progress of science and technology. In the early days, it was made of natural materials such as wood, bamboo and hemp. In modern times, it was mostly made of steel, aluminum, glass fiber, acrylic and various composite materials.
Development history
Ships have experienced canoe and wooden boat times since prehistoric times. 1879 After the world's first steel ship came out, it began to be dominated by steel ships. The propulsion of ships has also developed from relying on manpower, animal power and wind power (that is, pole pulling, rowing, paddling, fiber pulling and sailing) to using machine drive in the19th century.
1807, Fulton, USA built the first steam engine ship "clermont" with a speed of about 8 km/h; 1839, Archimedes, the first steam engine ship with propeller propeller, came out, with a main engine power of 58.8 kilowatts. This kind of propeller has fully demonstrated its superiority, so it has been popularized rapidly.
1868, China's first steam engine warship "Huiji" with a load of 600 tons and a power of 288 kilowatts was successfully built. 1894, British Parsons used the reactive steam turbine he invented as the main engine, which was installed on the speedboat "Turbo Nia" and successfully tried on the Thames, with the speed exceeding 60 kilometers per hour.
The speed of steam turbine and propeller in early steam turbine ships was the same. About 19 10 years later, gear deceleration, electric transmission deceleration and hydraulic transmission deceleration devices appeared. After that, all marine turbines began to adopt deceleration drive mode.
1902 to 1903 France built a diesel waterway ship. 1903, the Russian-made diesel ship "Vandal" was launched. In the mid-20th century, the diesel engine power plant became the main power plant of the transport ship.
1947, Britain first modified the gas turbine for aviation, and then installed it on the coastal speedboat "Gatelick" to replace the original gasoline engine. The main engine power is 1837 kW and the rotating speed is 3600 rpm. Propeller is driven by gear reducer and shafting. The unit weight of this device is only 2.08kg/kW, which is much lighter than other devices. In 1960s, large and medium-sized surface ships with combined power plant of gas turbine and steam turbine reappeared.