-An analysis of the nature of the historical book Capital in the 20th Century +265438

Xu Guangwei: Researcher, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

Author's Note: This paper is the research result of the project "Das Kapital and China's Economic Practice and Innovation Research" (project number: 15YJA790073) funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research and Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education. This article is specially posted to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of Das Kapital 150 and the bicentennial of Marx's birth. Defending Das Kapital portrays Das Kapital as a scientific work in the sense of history books, and comprehensively expounds the internal relations among historical research in the sense of historical genesis, historical research in the sense of history and general data compilation and arrangement. The work is named as a project-oriented system and style. The working rules of "12 history" in Das Kapital are transformation history I, transformation history II, capital production history (Volume I, Part III) and movement history I, movement history II, capital circulation history (Volume II, Part III), life history I, life history II, capital accumulation history (Volume III, Part III) and category history I. I hope this paper can provide reference and beneficial enlightenment for academic circles to accurately and clearly grasp the methodological connotation of political economy criticism and accurately judge and understand the contemporary theoretical characteristics of Capital.

This article was published in Jianghan Forum 20 16 (05) P5- 12 (Editor: Chen Xiaobing).

As a "historical book", Das Kapital is based on the methodology of social science research and shows the stipulation of "the science of things". The "history" of history books lies in affirming that the object of description is "history": the generation of world history and the "national history" and "world history" under its constraints; The "book" of history books is to identify the logic of subject work as "a subject in an encyclopedia" and sort out the working nature of "category" from it. The purpose of comprehensive historical research-from action to theory, from action to knowledge-is to deconstruct the theory of knowledge and return to the overall research path, which is due to the implementation of the unified provisions of "object" and "research object". In contrast, Picchetti's political economy research is still based on "science of things", with "one-sided history" and highly dependent on knowledge logic. Although this one-dimensional "history book" has the appeal of breaking the barrier of absolute ontology, it puts the cart before the horse. In essence, it has not fundamentally overcome the thinking path of "narrow historical view" and the historical limitations of "knowledge constructivism".

Keywords: economic methodology; Capital; Marxist economics; Historicity; Science; history

The attached article was written at the beginning of 20 15, and it has been exactly two years. Obviously, it is to solve some people's misunderstanding of "defending the capital", especially the serious misunderstanding of the naming of "defending" work. For example, some people even misunderstand Marx's definition of "mode of production-relations of production-relations of exchange", saying that it is a logical definition of "experimental science" or political economy. However, we should know that, strictly speaking, the history of capitalism began with the "machine production mode", and it is essentially a "capital history" that continues to exist in the social property relationship of "capital wage labor" and is repeatedly derived, multiplied and divided in the extremely superficial monetary relationship. The economic crisis is just a symbol of a huge leap! ! In view of the fact that some people deliberately maintain the existing tradition of subject classification, we just want to put forward the following route for critics to further "criticize": the discipline of history-history books-encyclopedia-Das Kapital-encyclopedia under the guidance of history books, which is in line with the development route of social science in natural science. Criticism is Marx's discipline. Some people always misunderstand this point, saying that Marx is trying to establish a "scientific epistemology". In fact, Marx's subtitle "Criticism of Political Economy" really expresses the disciplinary attribute of Das Kapital. Please note that Marx clearly regards "criticism" as the discipline norm of political economy here. In addition, the "historical law" of political economy criticism, in general, is to establish a "general history" research, rather than sticking to specific history. This is the basis that political economy must be treated as the "history book" of political economy criticism in the new period. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to further explain the discipline methods of Das Kapital stipulated in the history books, such as the concept of "four creations" (which actually coincides with "four self-confidences" in methodology), and attract everyone's attention. Its basis: the modern subject classification based on objective idealism and Bacon's experimentalism formed since the industrial revolution has come to an end and is crumbling. As a historical system science of social science, Das Kapital is establishing a "new classification method and standard", so as to correctly understand the connotation of "social development theory" of Marxist economics. We must realize how the historical provisions of historical materialism were tempered! ! Some people say that with the help of time planning, Marx revealed the group of capitalist economic laws and built a system of truth. In fact, this understanding is still not in place, as if Marxist economics is "theoretical economics of time", which is a distorted understanding of the provisions of history books. "Political economy with history" is the first thought put forward by Marx in philosophical poverty. The rule of history books can't be easily lost because it hides holographic information about the historical process. History books-describing history-can't just be attributed to cognitive problems. In a word, Das Kapital not only restored the real history, but also initiated a "new science" and predicted the future of capitalism, thus implying the future of political economy. Integrating political economy into history and rebuilding "science" is actually the birth of "critical science". This kind of exploration, as far as the inherent system of the West is concerned, is a kind of transcendence, and as far as China is concerned, is a kind of "continuation". Next, the academic research of history has achieved "leap-forward development" here! As "critical knowledge", we emphasize that Marxism does not talk about the objectivity and subjectivity of knowledge in an abstract way, but only emphasizes the objectivity of knowledge sources (this process is the occurrence of "critical provisions") and emphasizes that knowledge production must be based on objectivity standards. We have repeatedly emphasized Marx's three creative manuscripts: the first attempt to explore the object history, the second attempt to explore the object history and the third attempt to explore the capital history. Only by thinking in strict accordance with history can we know the mystery of Marx's Capital. Summarized by a poem by Li Qingzhao: "Embroidering hibiscus smiles; Xie Feibao duck lined with fragrant cheeks; Oh, I don't know //One side is full of charm; Half-hearted and reluctant to send you a bosom; The moon moves back. " This practical theory is a "new orientation" of Marx's Das Kapital, and it is promoted to "Das Kapital in the new era". We are convinced that once the great realm of history books is opened, the work implication of Chinese discipline adhering to the historical direction will be greatly amplified and recognized by young people. Bottom line: How to read and use Capital? With "Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era" as the navigation mark, we should have reached a conclusion by now! 20 17 10 Remember1October 20th.

A book review in the fourth volume of Journal of Political Economy (Social Science Literature Publishing House, 20 15), originally named: Why and how do I write Defending Capital? Xu Guangwei, published in the journal P 214–230.