198 1 One day in the summer of, India held a mental arithmetic contest. The performer is a 37-year-old woman from India. Her name is Shagongtana. On that day, she will compete with an advanced electronic computer with amazing mental arithmetic ability.
The staff wrote a long list of 20/kloc-0 bits, asking to find the 23rd root of this number. As a result, it took Shagongtana only 50 seconds to report the correct answer to the audience. In order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions, and then calculate, which takes much more time than Shagongtana.
This anecdote caused a sensation in the world, and Shagongtana was called a "mathematical magician".
〈 2 〉 50 words about a famous mathematical figure.
First of all, Gaussian
When I was in primary school, once the teacher taught addition and asked the students to work out a problem. The topic is:1+2+3+...+97+98+99+100 = The teacher is thinking, now the children must count to class.
I used this as an excuse to go out, but Gauss stopped me! It turned out that Gauss worked it out, and Gauss told everyone the answer he worked out: 5050. Since then, the learning process of Gauss Elementary School has already surpassed other students, which laid the foundation for his future mathematics and made him a mathematical genius!
Second, Zu Chongzhi.
In 462 AD, Zu Chongzhi requested Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty to issue a new calendar, and Emperor Xiaowu called ministers to discuss it. At that time, Dai Faxing, one of the emperor's minions, stood out against it and thought that it was deviant for Zu Chongzhi to change the ancient calendar without authorization.
Zu Chongzhi refuted Defarge on the spot with his own research data. Relying on the emperor's favor, Dai Faxing said arrogantly: "The calendar was formulated by the ancients and cannot be changed by future generations." Zu Chongzhi is not afraid at all. He said very seriously, "If you have a solid basis, argue it out. Don't scare people with empty talk. "
Emperor Xiaowu of Song wanted to help Dai Faxing, and found some people who knew the calendar to argue with Zu Chongzhi, but Zu Chongzhi refuted them one by one. However, Emperor Xiaowu of Song still refused to issue a new calendar. It was not until ten years after Zu Chongzhi's death that his Da Ming Li was put into practice.
Although the society was very turbulent at that time, Zu Chongzhi studied science tirelessly. His greater achievement is in mathematics. He once annotated the ancient mathematics book Nine Chapters Arithmetic and wrote a book Composition.
His most outstanding contribution is to get quite accurate pi. After a long and arduous study, he calculated pi between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, becoming the first scientist in the world to calculate pi to more than seven digits.
Zu Chongzhi is a generalist in scientific inventions. He built a kind of compass, and the copper man in the car always pointed south. He also built a "Thousand-Li Ship" and tried it in Xinting River (now southwest of Nanjing). It can sail 100 Li a day. He also used hydraulic power to rotate the stone mill, pounding rice and grinding millet, which was called "water hammer mill".
In Zu Chongzhi's later years, Xiao Daocheng, who mastered the Song Guards, wiped out the Song Dynasty.
Third, Archimedes.
Archimedes (287 BC-2 BC12 BC), a famous scientist in ancient Greece, was taking a bath in the bathroom.
There was half a basin of steaming water in the bathtub. Archimedes sat down and suddenly felt airy, and hot water was sprayed straight out of the basin. "The water is much bigger." He stood up subconsciously. The water in the basin fell, and he sat down again childishly. The water rose again and overflowed the basin.
Suddenly, his eyes lit up, he jumped out of the bathtub, rushed out of the door naked and ran into the street shouting, "I know!" " I know! "ah! Is this old man crazy? Look, everything about him.
In fact, Archimedes was not crazy. He solved an important secret and was a little carried away for a while. A few days ago, the king of Syracuse in Sicily in the Mediterranean asked a goldsmith to make a pure gold crown, which was very beautiful.
But the ministers whispered, "Who knows if it is pure gold?" After listening to this argument, the king weighed the crown, but the crown was as heavy as the gold given to the goldsmith, and it was impossible to judge whether there were any other metals in it. The king called the clever Archimedes and asked him to get to the bottom of it.
Archimedes got an inspiration when he took a bath. He felt that he could find out the secret of the crown at once. When Archimedes found that everyone was laughing at him, he looked down and realized that he was naked. He immediately returned to his house, put on a suit at random and entered the palace.
He did an experiment for the king-he found a pure gold nugget as heavy as a gold crown, two jars and plates of the same size, and then put the gold crown and gold nugget into jars filled with water respectively. When the water overflowed from the jar, they followed the plate. Finally, I weighed the water and found that there was not so much water overflowing.
Archimedes said to the king, "Now I can conclude that this crown is mixed with other metals." The king asked, "Why?" "The crown is as heavy as pure gold.
But if the crowns are pure gold, they should be the same size, and the same amount of water should be put into the pitcher and overflow. Now there is a lot of water overflowing from the jar where the crown is placed, which shows that the volume of the jade crown is larger than that of pure gold, so it can be seen that the crown is not pure gold. "
The king sent for a goldsmith to inspect it, and it was found that it was replaced by brass with the same weight and cast in the inner layer of the golden crown. The secret of Wang Guanzhong's adulteration was thus uncovered.
Fourth, Chen Jingrun.
1937, diligent Chen Jingrun was admitted to Huaying College in Fuzhou. At this time, during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Professor Shen Yuan, director of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering in Tsinghua University, returned to Fujian to attend the funeral, unwilling to stay in his hometown because of the war.
Several universities got the news and wanted to invite Professor Shen to give lectures. He declined the invitation. As he is an alumnus of Huaying, he came to this middle school to teach mathematics to his classmates in order to report to his alma mater.
One day, Teacher Shen Yuan told us a story in math class: "A Frenchman discovered an interesting phenomenon 200 years ago: 6=3+3, 8=5+3, 10=5+5, 12=5+7, 28= 5+23.
Every even number greater than 4 can be expressed as the sum of two odd numbers. Because this conclusion has not been proved, it is still a guess. Euler said: Although I can't prove it, I am sure this conclusion is correct.
From then on, Chen Jingrun became interested in this wonderful question. In his spare time, he likes going to the library. He not only read the counseling books in middle schools, but also eagerly read the textbooks of mathematics and physics courses in these universities. Therefore, he got the nickname "bookworm".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Hua
Once, he went out to play with his neighbor's children, and they walked; Suddenly I saw an abandoned grave by the roadside, and there were many stone men and horses beside the grave. This immediately aroused Hua's curiosity, and he really wanted to find out. So he said to the neighbor's children:
"There may be some interesting things. Shall we go and see? " The neighbor's child replied, "ok, but only for a while." I'm a little scared. " Bold Hua said with a smile, "Don't be afraid, there are no ghosts in the world." With that, he ran to the grave first.
The two children studied the stone man and the horse carefully before they came to the grave. They groped around and found it interesting. Thinking Hua suddenly asked the neighbor's children, "How heavy are these stone men and horses?"
The neighbor's child looked at him puzzled and said, "How should I know? How can you ask such a stupid question? No wonder people call you' Luo Idiot'. "
Hua said disappointedly, "Can you think of a way to calculate?" The children in the neighborhood laughed and said, "Wait till you become a mathematician in the future!" ! But if you can become a mathematician, I'm afraid you will work at sunrise and rest at sunset. "
Despite the ridicule of the children next door, Hua firmly said, "I will definitely find a way in the future."
(3) There should be famous mathematicians and stories of mathematicians in about 50 words.
When Hua returned to middle school, in a math class, the teacher gave the students a famous question: "There is a number, three, and two;" 5 digits, 5 numbers, and the remaining 3; There are seven places in seven, and there are two left. What's the date? " While everyone was thinking, Hua stood up and said, "23". His answer surprised the teacher and won his praise.
On one occasion, Chen Jingrun went for a haircut. He is the 38th, and there is still a long way to go! So he went to the library and forgot to get a haircut. Brand 38 is still in his pocket!
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Archimedes
Shiloh, king of Syracuse, asked the goldsmith to make a crown out of pure gold. Because he suspected that it was doped with silver, he specially asked Archimedes to identify it. When he entered the bathtub to take a bath, the water overflowed outside the bathtub, so he realized that although the weight of objects made of different materials was the same, the discharged water would be different because of their different volumes. According to this truth, it can be judged whether the crown is adulterated.
Some short stories of "Wu" mathematical celebrities, 50 words! Urgent need!
(1) When Gauss was in elementary school, once after the teacher taught addition, he asked the students to do some calculations. The title is: 1+2+3+. +97+98+99+ 100 = The teacher is thinking, class must be over now! I used this as an excuse to go out, but Gauss stopped me! It turned out that Gauss worked it out, and Gauss told everyone the answer he worked out: 5050. Since then, the learning process of Gauss Elementary School has already surpassed other students, which laid the foundation for his future mathematics and made him a mathematical genius!
(2) Chen Jingrun. He used several sacks of draft paper in a shabby hut, which proved that it was the closest to Goldbach's conjecture (1+ 1) (1+2).
When Gauss was in primary school, the primary school teacher was very irresponsible to the students. On this day, the teacher asked everyone to do a calculation problem from one to one hundred. Soon, Gauss was finished. When the teacher saw it, he was impressed: the words 5050 were scrawled on it. The teacher also figured out that the answer was 5050. Gauss said, "It's actually very simple, 100 plus 650." 99 plus 2 is also 10 1, and a * * has 50 pairs. 10 1 multiplied by 50 is enough.
After his left leg was disabled by illness, Hua had to draw a big circle on his left leg and then take a small step on his right leg. For this strange and laborious step, he once humorously called it "the movement of circle and tangent" In adversity, he stubbornly resisted fate and vowed: "I will replace my imperfect legs with a sound mind!" "
(3)/kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which became Rudolph's number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone. Swiss mathematician Jacques Bernoulli studied the spiral (called the lifeline) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also wrote
(4) Archimedes, an ancient Greek scholar, died at the hands of Roman enemy soldiers who attacked Sicily (before he died, he still said, "Don't break my circle." ), people carved the figure of the ball in the cylinder on his tombstone to commemorate his discovery that the volume and surface area of the ball are two-thirds of that of the circumscribed cylinder. After discovering the regular practice of regular heptagon, German mathematician Gauss gave up the original intention of studying literature, devoted himself to mathematics, and even made many great contributions to mathematics. Even in his will, he suggested building a tombstone with a regular 17 prism as the base.
(5) Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500) was born in Laiyuan County, Hebei Province in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. He read many books on astronomy and mathematics since childhood, studied hard and practiced hard, and finally made him an outstanding mathematician and astronomer in ancient China.
Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, people used "the diameter of three weeks a week" as pi, which was called "Gubi". Later, it was found that the error of Gubi was too large, and the pi should be "the diameter of a circle is greater than the diameter of three weeks". However, there are different opinions on how much is left. Until the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Hui put forward a scientific method to calculate pi-"secant" which approximated the circumference of a circle with the circumference inscribed by a regular polygon. Liu Hui calculated the circle inscribed with a 96-sided polygon and got π=3. 14, and pointed out that the more sides inscribed with a regular polygon, the more accurate the π value obtained. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, Zu Chongzhi devoted himself to research and repeated calculations. It is found that π is between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, and the approximate value in the form of π fraction is obtained as the reduction rate and density rate, where the six decimal places are 3. 14 1929. There's no way to check now. If he tries to find it according to Liu Hui's secant method, he must work out 16384 polygons inscribed in the circle. How much time and labor it takes! It is obvious that his perseverance and wisdom in academic research are admirable. It has been more than 1000 years since foreign mathematicians obtained the same result in the secrecy rate calculated by Zu Chongzhi. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contribution, some mathematicians abroad suggested that π = be called "ancestral rate".
Hello, I hope these can help you, and I hope to adopt them ~ ~ ~
"Lu" mathematician's story (famous), about 50 words.
1, Gauss is a German mathematician. At the age of ten, the primary school teacher made an arithmetic problem: "Calculate 1+2+3 …+ 100 =?" . This is difficult for beginners of arithmetic, but Gauss solved the answer in a few seconds. He took advantage of arithmetic progression's symmetry, and then it was like the general process of arithmetic progression's summation.
Put the numbers in pairs: 1+ 100, 2+99, 3+98, ... 49+52, 50+5 1, so there are 50 groups, so you can find the answer quickly:10/.
2./kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which was later called Rudolph number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone.
Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a pun, which not only describes the spiral nature, but also symbolizes his love for mathematics.
3. Von Neumann, one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the 20th century. As we all know, the electronic computer invented by 1946 has greatly promoted the progress of science and technology and social life. In view of his key role in the invention of electronic computers, von Neumann is praised as "the father of computers" by westerners.
1911-1921von Neumann made his mark when he was studying in Lu Se Lun Middle School in Budapest, and was highly valued by teachers. Under Fichte's individual guidance, he co-published his first mathematical paper, when von Neumann was less than 18 years old.
Galois was born in a small town not far from Paris. His father is the headmaster of the school and has been the mayor for many years. The influence of family makes Galois always brave and fearless.
1823, 12-year-old galois left his parents to study in Paris. Not content with boring classroom indoctrination, he went to find the most difficult mathematics original research by himself. Some teachers also helped him a lot. Teachers' evaluation of him is "only suitable for working in the frontier field of mathematics".
Liu Hui (born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and also occupies a prominent position in the history of world mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Calculation on the Island" are the most precious mathematical heritages of China.
Liu Hui's life is a life of hard exploration of mathematics. Although he is in a low position, he has a noble personality. He is not a mediocre man who seeks fame and fame, but a great man who never tires of learning. He left a precious wealth to our Chinese nation.
6. Chen Shengshen's students won the Phil Mathematics Prize for solving many important problems in differential geometry. Qiu Chengtong's first important research achievement was to solve the famous differential geometry problem-Calabi conjecture, and he became famous from then on. He applied differential equations to complex variable functions, algebraic geometry and other fields, and made extraordinary achievements, such as solving the high-dimensional Minkowski problem and proving the Wan Li conjecture.
This series of excellent work finally made him a Fields Prize winner. After returning to China the following year, Hua initiated modern mathematics in China, established a mathematics laboratory in China Academy of Sciences, and trained a large number of mathematicians such as Chen Jingrun, which was called China School. Later, he devoted himself to applied mathematics, applied mathematics to industrial production, and popularized the "optimization method".
A 50-word "Qi" mathematical celebrity story
The story of mathematician Hua
1953, the Academy of Sciences organized a delegation to go abroad, headed by the famous scientist Qian Sanqiang. Members include Hua, Zhao Jiuzhang and Zhu Xian. In his spare time, Hua wrote a couplet: "The top three are Korea, Zhao and Wei", seeking this couplet.
The "top three" here refers to Korea, Zhao and Wei San during the Warring States Period, but it implies the name of the head of the delegation, Comrade Qian Sanqiang, which not only solves the traditional difficulty of the couplet of numbers and numbers, but also requires the name of another scientist to be embedded in the bottom couplet. After a while, when Hua saw that everyone had no bottom line, he revealed his bottom line: "Hook, strand and string are nine chapters."
Nine Chapters is a famous mathematical work in ancient China. However, the "Nine Chapters" here happen to be the name of another member of the delegation-atmospheric physicist Zhao Jiuzhang. Hua's wonderful pair made the audience fall for it.
(VII) Fifty-word Extended Reading of the Biography of Famous Mathematicians China's contribution to the development of mathematics in China is known as "the father of modern mathematics in China", "the god of mathematics in China" and "the people's mathematician".
He is a famous mathematician in the world. His name ranks with a few classic mathematicians in famous museums such as Smithsonian Museum and Chicago Museum of Science and Technology, and is listed as "one of the 88 great mathematicians in Chicago Museum of Science and Technology today".
1948 was elected as an academician of academia sinica. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1982 was elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences. 1983 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. 1985 was elected as an academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Germany. He received honorary doctorates from Nancy University in France, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois in the United States.
"Ba" mathematical celebrity story 50 words (including date of birth)
When Gauss was in elementary school, once after the teacher taught him the method of adding sources, he asked the students to work out a problem with the title: 1+2+3+. +97+98+99+ 100 = The teacher is thinking, now the children must count to class! I used this as an excuse to go out, but Gauss stopped me! It turned out that Gauss worked it out, and Gauss told everyone the answer he worked out: 5050. Since then, the learning process of Gauss Elementary School has already surpassed other students, which laid the foundation for his future mathematics and made him a mathematical genius!
"Nine" mathematical celebrity story 50 words, not much! ! !
When Gauss was in elementary school, once after the teacher taught addition, because the teacher wanted to have a rest, he gave a question for the students to calculate. The title is:1+2+3+...+97+98+99+100 =? The teacher is thinking, now the children must start class! I used this as an excuse to go out, but Gauss stopped me! ! It turns out that Gauss has worked it out. Little friend, do you know how he did it? Gauss told us how he worked it out: add 1 to 100, and add 100 to 1, adding two lines. That is to say:1+2+3+4+...+96+97+98+99+100+99+98+97+96+...+4+3+2+65448./kloc- 5050 >； Since then, the learning process of Gauss Elementary School has already surpassed other students, which laid the foundation for his future mathematics and made him a mathematical genius! Luo Yuchen of Class Two (1)