Contents of Westernization Movement:
(1) In the early stage, with the slogan of "constantly striving for self-improvement", the military industry was founded with western advanced production technology. Such as Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, etc.
(2) In the later period, with the slogan of "seeking wealth", some civilian industries were established. For example, the ship investment promotion bureau founded by Li Hongzhang in Shanghai, the Hanyang Iron Works founded by Zhang Zhidong, and the layout of weaving in Hubei.
(3) In the 1970s and 1980s, three navies, namely, the South China Sea, Beiyang and Fujian, were established.
(4) establish a new school. Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded in 1862, which is the first new school founded by Westernization School.
Evaluation of Westernization Movement: It was a self-help movement of failed feudal rulers. The purpose is to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, not to lead China to capitalism. Didn't make China prosperous. However, the introduction of western advanced technology ... opened the way for China's modernization. It has played a certain role in resisting the invasion of foreign economic forces.
2.1in the spring of 895, the "writing on the bus" led by Kang Youwei opened the prelude to the political reform.
3. The Reform Movement of 1898: June to September, 1898. Nature: The influence of the bourgeois reform movement: It was a patriotic movement to save the nation from extinction and an ideological emancipation movement in the history of China, which promoted people's ideological emancipation and put forward a relatively comprehensive capitalist reform plan, which was conducive to the development of national capitalism and the spread of western science and technology, and promoted the further development of modern China society. Enlightenment: The failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 shows that the capitalist reform is not feasible in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China. Kang Youwei and others are brave in learning from advanced countries, pioneering and innovative, and have a high sense of historical mission and responsibility, which is worth learning.
4. 1894, Sun Yat-sen organized a revolutionary group-Zhong Xing Society. (The first revolutionary group was founded in Honolulu) 1905 He established a unified revolutionary organization-China League (the first national bourgeois revolutionary party), with Sun Yat-sen as the prime minister. Adopt the revolutionary program to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, abolish absolute monarchy, establish a democratic republic and reform the land system. Its establishment has greatly promoted the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country. The People's Daily, the organ newspaper founded by Sun Yat-sen, and the Three People's Principles (nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood) are the guiding ideology of Sun Yat-sen's leadership of the Revolution of 1911.