The existence and intensity of learning motivation is very important for learning. Stimulating students' learning motivation is an important task of school education. As a teacher, we should adopt various methods and means to cultivate and stimulate students' learning motivation, mobilize their learning enthusiasm and continuously improve their learning ability.

Motivation is the psychological motivation that urges people to take action. People's activities all stem from certain motives. The research results of learning theory show that it is the learners themselves who play a decisive role in learning effect. In the final analysis, learning activities are learners' own business. Besides natural endowments such as intelligence and personality, the differences between learners mainly depend on whether learners' learning motivation is clear and lasting. The study of college students is more complicated and advanced than that of middle school students, and it also depends more on their conscious and independent abilities.

First, an overview of motivation.

Motivation is the power and source of all activities, and students' learning motivation activities are no exception. The so-called learning motivation is the intrinsic motivation to arouse students' learning behavior, maintain learning behavior and make learning behavior tend to a certain goal. The essence of learning motivation is learning need, which is the reflection of the influence of family, school and society in students' minds. Many famous educators at home and abroad attach great importance to mobilizing students' initiative in the learning process. Rousseau, a French enlightenment educator, once said: "It is more important to form an independent learning method than to acquire knowledge." This shows that only when learners actively and efficiently devote themselves to learning in their own unique way can the learning quality be fundamentally improved [1]. The influence of learning motivation on university education is also very obvious.

Learning activities in universities are professional, independent and conscious. This requires us to have a strong interest in learning as an internal motivation to promote our learning activities to maintain a certain intensity and intensity. At present, a considerable number of college students who enter colleges and universities under the large-scale enrollment expansion have the problem of insufficient learning motivation to varying degrees. Of course, there are many reasons for this problem. Learning motivation is an important variable that affects learning efficiency. The lack of learning motivation of college students directly affects the quality of higher education. Colleges and universities must take various measures, and it has become one of the important goals of higher education to cultivate and stimulate correct learning motivation.

Second, the status quo and problems of college students' learning motivation

Emptiness is what many students feel after entering university. From nervous middle school students to freedom, students can easily become like a ship without a helmsman on the sea and don't know where to go. Therefore, it is very necessary for students who have just entered the university to determine their own goals. A considerable number of college students have the problem of insufficient learning motivation to varying degrees. The motivation gap before and after going to college, poor self-control, lack of lofty ideals, and failure to establish a correct outlook on life are all important reasons for college students' lack of learning motivation.

With the diversification of campus life, the content of college students' learning motivation presents a diversified trend. Mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Jump out of the countryside and go to work in the city. Because there are many children in rural families, although the family is not rich, parents still want their children to get ahead in school. Such children are often very sensible and study hard. Their goal is to find a suitable job in the city, go out of the countryside and live up to their parents' expectations.

Being a college student has a high reputation and can be respected, which becomes their motivation for learning.

3. Being able to get a good job and pursue a better material life. In this materialistic society, it is very important for people to get a better material life through their own efforts. With the rapid development of science and technology in today's society, the requirements for talents are becoming more and more strict. In particular, some fields have high requirements for the quality of staff, and the salaries in these fields are often relatively high. Therefore, it is very important to study in university and improve your knowledge level in order to find a good job. So this has become the driving force for them to realize their dreams, and it is also the driving force for them to learn.

Being a knowledgeable person can better promote social progress. We should have such learning motivation, because the country has trained us, and we should also learn more knowledge to repay the society and promote social progress. We should improve our understanding ideologically and realize the importance of improving our own quality for building a socialist country and winning new victories in building a well-off socialist society. Take this idea as our motivation to learn and stick to it.

5. Repay the kindness of parents and realize the good wishes of relatives. On the road of our life, our parents pay the most, and we have an obligation to repay our parents for their kindness. Our parents have high expectations of us, and we can't fail them. Parents have worked hard to raise us, and the best reward for them is to study hard. This kind of learning motivation will make more people achieve something.

6. Academic and employment pressures. Proper pressure is also motivation, but thinking too far ahead will make you feel tired, but too much pressure is counterproductive. The competition is fierce, so we should turn this pressure into motivation and let it promote our study.

These learning motivations are important factors to promote students to study hard. However, in fact, there are many impurities in college students' learning motivation. These impure opportunities wrongly guide the behavior of college students, mainly as follows:

First of all, the learning motivation is too narrow. Some students only think of themselves, but forget the people who once cared about themselves, and have no intention of returning. They will do anything for themselves. Such people who don't know how to feed back will do harm to society in the future, so it is good for learners to work hard for their future all day, but sometimes they will ruin others' lives for themselves, even at the expense of improper methods, which is very common in universities.

Secondly, the learning motivation is too vulgar. Some students pursue love first, regardless of everything else for love, and will study hard for the long-term love. Having a certain material foundation is good for students' future, but such students will ignore everything around them, raise their parents, take care of their brothers and sisters, and their relatives and friends are likely to be ignored. Are such people of great benefit to society? Students should not stick to a small scope, otherwise it will not be of great benefit to social development.

Finally, the learning motivation is too utilitarian. Some students will take money as their study purpose and do anything for the benefit of money from the day they enter the university. They will try to win any prize in a semester, sometimes it is an enterprising performance. However, in some universities, it is unfair for some people to adopt abnormal methods if they can't win the prize. I studied black-box operation in college, so many pragmatic people will suffer in society. For society, such talents will also hinder the development of society.

III. Countermeasures and Suggestions

In view of the present situation and existing problems of college students' learning motivation, some suggestions and countermeasures are given from both teachers and students.

(1) teacher

From the teacher's point of view, there are several ways to cultivate and stimulate college students' learning motivation:

1. Establish a good teacher-student relationship and stimulate interest in learning.

Good teacher-student relationship directly affects students' learning mood. Psychological compatibility between teachers and students can improve the teaching effect. Students like a teacher and are interested in the courses taught by this teacher. As a teacher, if students want to like themselves, they should pay attention to shaping their own image. Profound knowledge, elegant speech and noble personality are the charm of teachers' image. Teachers should constantly enrich and improve their knowledge, conquer students with their extensive knowledge, convince students and become interested in learning. Teachers not only influence students in teaching content and thinking methods, but also have a profound influence on students with their overall personality charm. Respecting and trusting students is also a necessary condition for establishing a good teacher-student relationship. Only when students gain the respect and necessary trust of personality can they enter the "leading role" and participate in the process of knowledge formation, development and application, and can they stimulate their desire for knowledge. In teaching, teachers should respect and trust students, be honest with students, be intimate friends of students, and establish a good relationship of mutual respect, trust, help, unity and friendship and common progress.

2. Carefully plan and organize classroom teaching.

Teachers should change the condescending practice in the past, become equal members of the class, organize students to manage themselves, and let students move from heteronomy to self-discipline. Autonomous learning emphasizes students' subjective consciousness, but it does not rule out the leading role of teachers. Instead, it needs more guidance from teachers. How to find the breakthrough point of teaching, stimulate students to ask questions with thinking value and actively seek answers to them; How to create a democratic atmosphere, so that all students can actively participate in the whole process of learning wholeheartedly, so that students can really "move"; How to dilute "teaching", emphasize "learning", turn the teaching process into a process of "cultivating learners", and turn teachers themselves from knowledge transmitters into learning promoters, all of which require teachers' careful planning and organization to truly realize.

3. Change the single teaching mode.

Change the single teaching mode and adopt various teaching methods such as "discussion", "heuristic" and "autonomy" to give full play to students' main role in teaching, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. "Discussion" teaching method refers to a learning process that deliberately creates a relaxed and democratic environment atmosphere under the careful design and organizational guidance of teachers, gives full play to students' dominant position, encourages students to think and discuss problems independently, explores knowledge in the dynamic and seeks ways and means to solve problems. The process of discussion can make teachers discover the shortcomings and problems in students' knowledge mastery and give targeted explanations, which not only saves time, but also helps students accept what they want to know, thus improving the classroom effect. "Heuristic" teaching method refers to the learning process in which teachers purposefully arrange teaching contents, inspire students to question and solve doubts, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and try their best to find solutions to problems under the premise of cultivating students' autonomy. Its advantage is to fully mobilize students' thinking and take the initiative to seek knowledge, thus mobilizing students' interest in learning. "Autonomy" is based on the principle of giving full play to students' dominant position, which is included in the process of discussion and inspiration. Obviously, every teaching method is not omnipotent. In classroom teaching, we should choose the right time, organically combine various teaching methods according to the changes of teaching content and classroom design, so as to achieve "one method is the main method, and multiple methods are simultaneously used" to mobilize students' enthusiasm in many directions. Practice has proved that the more scientific the teaching method, the higher the level of activities, the richer the content of activities, and the more comprehensive and sufficient the development of people [2].

4. Set an appropriate goal orientation so that students can have a successful experience.

In the process of classroom teaching, we must combine the actual situation of students, give appropriate target positioning, and let students get information through the teacher's explanation and themselves, and solve problems smoothly. If students have suitable goals and strive for success, they will stimulate their interest in further study. Suhomlinski once warned the teacher: "Please remember that the fun of success is an internal emotional force, which can promote the desire to learn from time to time. Please remember, no matter what, don't let this inner strength disappear. Without this power, any ingenious measures in education will be of no help. " It is better to give students a praise than to preach ten times, and it is better to give students a success than to praise ten times. Every student is willing to make progress and success in his study. Therefore, in the process of classroom teaching, teachers should create opportunities for students to express themselves and achieve success in many ways, be good at discovering students' success and progress and give them affirmation in time, so that students can enjoy the happiness of success and enhance their interest in learning. For example, when we are particularly satisfied with a student's behavior or progress, we can give him a special reward, such as giving him an award, giving him a special right and so on. "Great!" "That's it!" "I am proud of you!" "Great!" "Wonderful!" These beautiful words, we should be generous to students. Let students see what they have learned, experience the joy of success, have a sense of accomplishment, strengthen learning motivation, stimulate greater enthusiasm for learning, and make students have a strong interest in learning.

5. Teachers should constantly update their ideas.

Teachers should pay attention to the novelty and richness of teaching content and adopt diversified teaching methods. For teachers, the quality of teachers directly affects the enthusiasm of learning and has a subtle influence on students' interest in learning. College students have basically possessed certain self-study ability and social experience. If teachers lack research on teaching content and explain subjects mechanically from books in class, it will inevitably lead to students' rebellious psychology and greatly weaken their interest in learning. On the contrary, teachers have solid professional knowledge, extensive quotations in class, clear thinking and humor, and use teachers' personal charm to attract and infect students and enhance their interest in learning. Teachers should constantly update their concepts, update their knowledge and understand the latest scientific and technological achievements. Teachers' functions should focus on how to transform "information" into "knowledge" and "intelligence" into "wisdom". Teachers are no longer tools to transmit information, but need higher teaching ability. A teacher needs more profound knowledge, that is, his role, which can be a bystander, a helper, a leader or a participant, by using computers as a medium for assisting teaching. In the student-centered teaching, teachers have changed from the "protagonist" on the field to the "guider" off the field, and the direct indoctrination of teachers to students has decreased, but the inspiring and guiding role of teachers, as well as the preparatory work and organization work in advance should be greatly strengthened. If you want to achieve better learning results in every link, you can't do without teachers.

6. Pay attention to the emotional education of college students

College students' world outlook, outlook on life and values are basically formed, and they already have certain social experience. They have their own unique way of recognizing external things. Teachers should educate people with emotion, promote teaching with emotion, let students learn with a positive attitude and strengthen the correct learning motivation.

(2) students.

From the students' point of view, students' learning motivation is the internal motivation to promote their learning, which drives college students' learning activities towards certain goals. Students should cultivate and stimulate their correct learning motivation from the following aspects:

1. Establish a correct value orientation. Many students' learning motivation is based on their own ideas. College students have not fully entered the society, and their social experience is far from enough. Many things are done by one's own will, and the outlook on life and values is almost decisive. The correct value orientation will give them the correct guidance, which is the correct approach. Similarly, the wrong value orientation will also give them the wrong guidance, which is the wrong approach. Some college students may have great personality, but they are not necessarily correct, so it is very necessary and important to establish a correct outlook on life and values.

2. Be confident and establish a correct self-concept. Self-concept is a complex and dynamic subjective evaluation and consciousness of learners' own existence, which is consistent with their personality characteristics. The main meaning of self-concept is self-image. Self-image refers to everyone's subjective evaluation and consciousness of their own learning ability and position in the eyes of others. Self-concept is closely related to teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship and his own personality characteristics. If a learner gets good feedback from teachers and peers, he will be more confident and have stronger motivation to achieve greater results. Williams & ampBurden believes that students' learning motivation is especially influenced by students' self-evaluation. Learners' self-concept will have a great influence on their classroom performance. Individual students should try their best to eliminate the wrong view of negative attitude towards self-image, fully understand themselves, and optimistically look for opportunities to participate in various learning activities.

3. Establish short-term and long-term learning goals. There are long-term and short-term learning purposes, and the ambitious learning purpose is based on social needs, such as "learning for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." The purpose of recent study is to contact specific activities or specific teaching requirements. For example, accurately understanding the meaning of a word is a reflection of classroom teaching requirements. In the process of learning, college students should have both long-term clear goals and short-term specific learning goals, which is the key to effectively complete their learning tasks and successfully realize their lofty learning goals.

4. Pay attention to cultivate your interest in learning. Interest in learning can not only promote people's learning, but also make people have a pleasant emotional experience in the process of learning, which is conducive to promoting people's need for further learning. Interest is the best teacher. With interest, you can say that you have a good motivation. To cultivate students' interest, we can start from these aspects:

(1) Students can find something useful, practical and easy to connect with reality in textbooks, so as to make themselves interested in these things and then want to learn.

(2) Organize some second class activities. The second classroom activity can make students face practical problems directly, use what they have learned to solve practical problems, and experience success and happiness in learning, which is an important way to improve their interest.

5. Face setbacks and failures correctly. On the road of human growth, failures and setbacks are like rapids set for people in advance. Only through them can we reach the other side of success. When encountering setbacks or failures, we should persevere, don't be discouraged, dare to admit and face up to setbacks, have the spirit of fighting against setbacks, and learn to rise up and grow in setbacks.

Four. conclusion

Among many factors that affect the learning effect, learners' learning motivation is very important. Therefore, the study of learning motivation should become an important task of education to ensure the cultivation of learners' autonomous learning ability and sustainable development ability. The factors affecting learning motivation are very complicated. It can be said that the stimulation and maintenance of learning motivation is a systematic process, which requires the full cooperation of teachers, teaching managers and learners.