1993 "Research and Practice on the Reform of College Basic Chemistry Experiment Curriculum System" won the National Teaching Achievement Award, and Northwest University was one of the winners. This achievement puts forward three modes: "big reform", "medium reform" and "small reform". 10 for many years, the "Great Reform" program has been leading the trend of chemical experiment teaching reform in China.
1995 northwest university began to implement the "great reform" plan, and all experimental courses were set up independently, including inorganic chemistry experiment, analytical chemistry experiment, organic chemistry experiment, physical chemistry experiment and instrumental analysis experiment.
1996 "Basic Chemistry Laboratory" was awarded the title of "Qualified Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province" by Shaanxi Provincial Education Commission.
1997 "Northwest University Chemical Experiment Teaching Center" was established, and a unified management system of "four in one" was implemented for experimental sites, experimental facilities, experimental teachers and experimental teaching.
In 2005, it was awarded the provincial experimental teaching demonstration center, and in 2006, it was approved to become the only officially listed "national experimental teaching demonstration center" in northwest and southwest China.
The teaching achievements of innovative talents training mode based on experimental teaching reform won the second prize and the first prize of teaching achievements of colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 20001and 2003 respectively.
2. Based on the curriculum, a stable and excellent teaching team has been built, allowing the experimental teaching team of chemistry major to become a provincial teaching team.
High-level teachers are the fundamental guarantee of teaching quality. Aiming at the main problems existing in the experimental teaching team, such as ① teachers' high mobility and low energy input; (2) Teachers are basically satisfied with completing experimental tasks and seldom carry out teaching research; (3) Young teachers are new to the curriculum and lack basic teaching experience. The college works from three aspects to achieve the goal of forming a stable first-class experimental teacher team:
① Establish a three-level teaching team.
Give full play to the guiding role of national and provincial famous teachers, set up a three-level teaching team of experimental course leading group, course group and supervision and evaluation group, form a teaching team combining old, middle and young people, and give full play to the mentoring role of old teachers.
The experimental course leading group is responsible for examining and approving the talent training plan and teaching outline, and organizing teaching research.
The course group is responsible for implementing and building courses, training young teachers and carrying out teaching research.
The steering group is responsible for supervising the teaching quality, organizing a lecture on improving the ability of young teachers, giving full play to the role of famous teachers and backbone teachers, and helping young teachers to improve their teaching ability quickly.
(2) Establish a curriculum group, and implement the training of young teachers based on the curriculum group.
All experimental courses are offered based on the construction of "National Training Base for Basic Science Research and Teaching Talents" (hereinafter referred to as "National Science Base"), national experimental teaching demonstration center, national chemistry specialty, national and provincial teaching teams, and innovative experimental area of talent training mode in Shaanxi Province.
In practical work, the Academic Affairs Committee of the College mainly carries out three aspects: curriculum construction, young teachers training and teaching research. The measures taken mainly include:
Implement A+B+C post. Post A is the course host, post B is the lecturer and post C is the tutor. A and B positions require associate professors or above, and have more than three years of teaching experience. Once hired, they must undertake teaching tasks for at least three years. This measure ensures the stability of the experimental teaching team and avoids the problem of a large number of experimental teachers losing because some teachers carry out experiments in order to obtain the teaching workload. Post c is a young teacher. For the first time, before taking on the teaching task, you must follow the teachers in post A and post B in advance to attend classes and give lectures, and arrange experimental teaching in the form of shifts for new and old teachers. This measure ensures the rapid improvement of young teachers' teaching level.
Adhere to the system of collective lesson preparation and experimental lesson preparation, give full play to the guiding role of old teachers, sum up the problems existing in experiments, study solutions, and conduct all-round training for young teachers.
The teaching and research activities of the curriculum group are conducted once a month, and each teacher explains a lesson, which is evaluated by the experimental curriculum leading group and the curriculum group. By observing old teachers' lectures and commenting on young teachers' lectures, the teaching level of young teachers can be effectively improved.
Organize a speech contest for young teachers every year and set up a series of experiments to be evaluated by experienced old teachers in the college to help young teachers grow up quickly. Two competitions have been held.
Organize a series of lectures by famous teachers, invite famous teaching experts inside and outside the school to teach demonstration classes and provide excellent teaching cases. It has been successfully held for three times.
Organize "Young Teachers' Teaching Ability Training Lecture" every semester, and invite the backbone teachers of the college to teach young teachers teaching experience. Three lectures have been successfully held.
Organize young teachers to participate in the compilation of experimental teaching materials, and help young teachers improve their theoretical level in the process of solidifying teaching results. Nine experimental teaching materials are being compiled.
Organize young teachers to participate in the construction of course web pages, and help young teachers to enrich teaching methods and means and improve teaching level in the process of finding various teaching materials and cases. Coursewares for all courses are ready.
Organize young teachers to preside over and participate in various teaching reform projects, and help young teachers to activate teaching ideas and creatively carry out teaching work in the process of teaching research. There are 6 experimental teaching and research projects hosted by young teachers, including provincial 1 and school-level 5.
The supervision team randomly checks the teaching process of all teachers, and the student evaluation team gives feedback on each course. The supervision team summarizes opinions, reports the teaching situation to the college once a month, and gives guidance to young teachers at any time.
③ Give full play to existing teaching platforms and projects, provide sufficient funds and improve teachers' level through various channels.
Relying on various teaching platforms at the national and provincial levels, as well as the "2 1 1" key construction discipline of Northwest University, the central and local governments * * * will build a laboratory project with distinctive advantages in colleges and universities, providing sufficient funds for teacher training, which mainly includes: organizing the compilation of a series of experimental teaching materials, building an experimental course website, independently setting up teaching and research projects for experimental teaching, organizing front-line teachers to publish teaching papers and going out to attend national-level teaching conferences.
3. Actively explore the teaching management mode and construct a "new teaching management mode of two-level and three-system undergraduate".
Scientific and effective management measures are the basic elements to promote efficient and high-quality teaching. The general management mode of experimental class is that the experimental host hires teachers to complete the teaching task. The main disadvantages of this model are as follows: ① There is no special organization to study theoretical issues such as teaching objectives and syllabus, and only general teaching tasks can be completed; (2) It is not conducive to teaching reform. When the class hours are reduced or the courses are adjusted according to the needs of discipline development, it is difficult for each course group to accept the adjustment from its own interests; ③ It is difficult for the experimental host to monopolize the responsibility of training young teachers, and the training of young teachers cannot be implemented.
In order to solve these problems, the college established a "new model of two-level and three-system experimental teaching management", which was approved as a key research project of teaching reform in Northwest University in 2009. The new management mode is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 Two-level and Four-system Undergraduate Teaching Management New Model Secondary Figure 1
At the first level, the academic affairs committee of the college was established to be responsible for the experimental teaching of the whole hospital.
The advantages of this method are:
(1) according to the development trend of the discipline, the curriculum can be adjusted within the scope of the whole hospital.
(2) Organize the human, material and financial resources of the whole hospital, carry out teaching reform and research, and undertake large-scale teaching and scientific research projects.
(3) Strengthen process management, so that the training of young teachers can be implemented.
The second level, the establishment of the executive body, consists of four systems.
(1) undergraduate specialty construction system, the undergraduate specialty construction committee is responsible for the formulation of four undergraduate specialty training plans and teaching outlines, as well as the overall planning of teacher training and the organization and implementation of large-scale scientific research projects. At the same time, the Committee undertakes the responsibility of leading group of experimental courses.
(2) Implementation system of theoretical courses: The Academic Affairs Committee of the College appoints the course leaders of nine key theoretical courses in the whole hospital, and the course leaders form the theoretical course group. The curriculum group will be responsible for curriculum construction, training young teachers and carrying out teaching research. The college provides teaching funds in the form of teaching and research projects and teaching achievement awards.
(3) National experimental teaching demonstration center, which is responsible for the construction of experimental course group and "center" platform. The appointment of the host of the experimental class and the construction of the course group are the same as those of the theoretical class. The construction of this platform will provide scientific research conditions for all undergraduates, postgraduates and teachers.
④ Supervision and evaluation system. From the teacher's point of view, famous teachers and backbone teachers with a strong sense of responsibility supervise the quality of classroom teaching from the student's point of view.
4. Make clear the guiding ideology of running a school, the goal of talent training and the concept of practical teaching, strengthen the foundation, highlight innovation, embody characteristics, and reform and improve the experimental curriculum system. "Top-notch innovative compound talents training mode of chemical engineering with engineering and medical background" was approved as a provincial-level talents training mode innovation experimental area project.
A scientific and reasonable experimental course system that reflects the development direction of the subject and conforms to the students' cognitive rules is the basic condition for improving the teaching quality, and it is also the key content of the construction of the national experimental teaching demonstration center. In order to formulate a curriculum system that meets the above conditions, the college first defines the guiding ideology, personnel training objectives and practical teaching concepts, and then formulates a new curriculum system on this basis.
① the guiding ideology of running a school
Education-oriented, strengthen the foundation, pay attention to cross-cutting, highlight innovation, improve quality and embody characteristics. The main goal is to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with backgrounds in life science and materials science, and to train outstanding scientific researchers for the country.
② Personnel training objectives
Cultivate high-quality undergraduates with solid chemical foundation, certain knowledge background of life science and materials science, strong experimental skills, high comprehensive quality, systematic scientific research and training, autonomous learning ability, practical ability, exploration spirit, innovation ability and cooperation spirit.
③ Practical teaching concept
Education-oriented, pay attention to the cultivation of innovative talents and compound talents, pay attention to the rational distribution of students' knowledge structure, master certain knowledge background of life science and materials science on the premise of ensuring chemical advantages, pay attention to the leading role of scientific research advantages in experimental teaching, pay attention to the comprehensive and coordinated development of students' knowledge, ability, thinking and quality, build a three-level dual-system multi-channel practical teaching platform, fully implement open innovative experimental teaching, and cultivate top-notch chemical compound innovative talents with high comprehensive quality.
④ New experimental course system
In 2007, the original experimental course was reorganized and constructed. The original experimental course mainly includes six courses, namely: inorganic chemistry experiment, analytical chemistry experiment, organic chemistry experiment, physical chemistry experiment, instrumental analysis experiment and comprehensive chemistry experiment. In order to effectively implement the guiding ideology of strengthening foundation, highlighting innovation, embodying characteristics and realizing hierarchical management, the college has re-integrated and constructed the experimental curriculum system, and the specific work includes:
Firstly, the experimental course is integrated into three levels: basic chemistry experimental platform, comprehensive chemistry experimental platform and innovative research experimental platform, and the main tasks of the three levels are defined to realize the hierarchical management of training objectives.
The first level, basic chemistry experiment platform, includes basic chemistry experiment 1 (freshman chemistry experiment), basic chemistry experiment 2 (organic chemistry experiment), basic chemistry experiment 3 (physical chemistry experiment), basic chemistry experiment 4 (instrumental analysis experiment) and so on. , mainly to cultivate students' unit operation ability and basic skills.
The second level, the comprehensive chemical experiment platform, mainly cultivates students' ability to operate with units, design experiments and analyze unknown things, and cultivates students' research methods and thinking ability.
The third level, innovative research experimental platform, mainly to cultivate students' scientific research ability.
The reform measures of the second and third level curriculum system mainly include three items.
1. Integrate inorganic chemistry experiment and analytical chemistry experiment into basic chemistry experiment I (freshman chemistry experiment), which consists of four parts: basic operation skill training, inorganic synthesis training, analysis and characterization training and element experiment. Inorganic chemistry experiment and analytical chemistry experiment are fully integrated, which reduces repeated experiments, enhances the purpose of analytical characterization experiments, and combines skill training with practical application, greatly improving students' interest in learning basic experiments.
The second is to integrate the experimental course of instrumental analysis into the basic chemistry experiment Ⅳ and establish a large-scale instrument laboratory, so that many basic chemistry experimental courses can enjoy large-scale instruments and greatly improve the cultivation level of students' comprehensive quality.
The third is to build two innovative research-oriented experimental courses, offering experiments in the frontier field of chemistry that reflect the whole process of scientific research for all students, and strengthening students' scientific research and innovation ability.
The new curriculum system can be summarized as a "three-level, dual-system and multi-channel" experimental teaching platform, as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 Three-level double-system open culture mode
The specific arrangements and functions of the three-level curriculum system are as follows:
The first level, basic experiment course, has 468 class hours, accounting for about 57.8% of the total class hours. It consists of 3/4 basic experiments and 65,438+0/4 open experiments, including basic chemistry experiment 1 (freshman chemistry experiment), basic chemistry experiment 2 (organic chemistry experiment), basic chemistry experiment 3 (physical chemistry experiment) and basic chemistry experiment 4 (basic chemistry experiment 4).
The second level, comprehensive experimental class, * * * is 198 class hours, accounting for 24.4% of the total class hours. It consists of 2/6 basic experiments, 3/6 open design experiments and 1/6 innovative research-oriented experimental projects, including comprehensive chemical experiments and chemical engineering principle experiments, which mainly cultivate students' ability to operate with units, design experiments and analyze unknown things.
At the third level, innovative research-oriented experimental courses, 144 class hours, accounting for about 17.8% of the total class hours, are all composed of innovative research-oriented experimental projects, including innovative research-oriented experimental courses in chemical biology (setting up experiments in frontier fields of chemistry intersecting with life sciences) and innovative research-oriented experimental courses in material chemistry (setting up experiments in frontier fields of chemistry intersecting with material sciences), which mainly cultivate students' scientific research ability.
5. Under the guidance of "Guidelines for Chemical Specialty" formulated by the Teaching Guidance Sub-committee of the Ministry of Education, combined with the school-running objectives, the content of experimental courses was reformed.
In order to arrange the experimental teaching scientifically and reasonably, relying on the construction of "National Science Base" and "National Characteristic Specialty", the college independently set up the teaching research project of "Research on the Distribution of Knowledge Points in the Chemistry Curriculum System", which was led by Professor Xun, a national famous teaching teacher, and organized the core course host of the college to participate in the course content research from two aspects:
First, re-study and determine the experimental items of basic experimental courses, not only to ensure all the contents required by the Professional Code, but also to reflect the characteristics of the college and set experimental contents higher than those required by the Professional Code.
Second, study and consider the interconnection of experimental courses. In order to improve students' interest in learning and attach importance to scientific research, practical experiments and comprehensive open experiments are added to various basic chemistry experiments, and the comprehensive open experiments are positioned in three different levels of experiments:
① In the first-level basic experiment, the comprehensive open experiment focuses on the improvement of interest and the extension of the experiment, laying the foundation for the comprehensive experiment;
② In the secondary comprehensive experiment, the comprehensive open experiment pays attention to the integration of two disciplines and the connection of operation units;
③ In the three-level innovative research experiment, the comprehensive opening experiment pays attention to the cultivation of frontier disciplines and scientific research ability.
Three-level integrated training integrates the operation and knowledge learned in the separated basic chemistry experiment, cultivates students' ability to use knowledge flexibly, enhances the influence of comprehensive literacy and scientific spirit, and can better meet the social demand for talents.
6. Consolidate teaching achievements and actively carry out the construction of teaching materials.
A series of modern chemical experiments reflecting the achievements of curriculum system reform is being compiled, and a publishing agreement has been signed with Science Press. It is planned to publish 6 books on 20 10 and 3 books on 20 1 1. This series includes 9 books and 1 problem set. The 9 books are divided into two categories: one is the supporting textbook for the experiment, which is matched with the content of the comprehensive three-level course, with a total of 7 books; One is an experimental manual, which is a manual of chemical experimental operation skills and commonly used analytical instruments, aiming at strengthening students' basic skills, broadening students' horizons and improving students' innovative ability. The exercise library includes the requirements of chemical experiment operation skills.
7. Consolidate the quality control of the teaching process, make courseware through collective discussion, and solidify the teaching requirements of all experimental courses.
The college insists on an experimental class 15 students, and 30 students are equipped with 2 full-time experimental instructors. In the instrument experiment, each teacher is limited to 8 instructors and 4 experimental projects, that is, 2 students complete each experiment independently. Therefore, many teachers are engaged in experimental teaching every year. In order to effectively implement the teaching tasks and consolidate the management of the teaching process, relying on the construction of "National Science Base", "National Characteristic Specialty" and "Provincial Teaching Team", the College independently set up another teaching research project "Research on the Construction of Excellent Chemistry Curriculum", headed by Professor Gao Shengli, a famous provincial teaching teacher and national excellent course host, and called the deputy director of the experimental center in charge of curriculum construction and all experimental course hosts to prepare lessons collectively with the course group as a unit.
8. Construction of network resources.
In 2009, we participated in two projects of the Ministry of Education, led by Nanjing University and Sichuan University respectively, "Using information technology tools to transform courses", which was an opportunity to completely rebuild the network of experimental centers. In addition to the construction of all course web pages, the online reservation system for large-scale instruments and the access control system for instrument laboratories are being installed, which provides a guarantee for opening up the second classroom and students to carry out innovative research experiments.
9. Laboratory construction.
Relying on the support of National Science Base, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, national and provincial specialty, national and provincial teaching teams, the construction of "2 1 1" key disciplines in Northwest University, the innovative experimental area of talent training mode in Shaanxi Province, and the establishment of characteristic and advantageous discipline laboratories in universities by the central and local governments, first-class instrument rooms and instruments have been built. Students can realize two large and medium-sized instruments in a single experiment, which greatly increases the share of students' experimental instruments and greatly plays the role of instrument facilities.
10. Play the role of demonstration radiation.
Entrusted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chemical Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education, in 2007, it undertook the "Training Course for Key Teachers of Chemical Experiments in Western Universities". More than 70 young and middle-aged backbone teachers from 32 universities in the west participated in the training of comprehensive chemical experiments. As the secretariat unit of Shaanxi Chemical Experiment Teaching Association, in 2007, it organized a joint meeting of chemical experiment teaching centers in colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province. During the meeting, the "Seminar on Cooperation between Eastern and Western Universities" and "Seminar on Chemical Experiment Teaching" were organized.1kloc-0/Shaanxi universities and 15 well-known domestic universities sent representatives to attend the meeting. In 2007, it hosted the second chemistry experiment competition for college students in Shaanxi Province, and in 2009, it organized the third chemistry experiment competition for college students in Shaanxi Province. Received more than a dozen universities such as Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi University, Yan 'an University and Weinan Normal University. It has become the demonstration and radiation source of chemical experiment teaching in western China.