Nursing is an applied science, which is divided into family nursing and paid nursing. Paid nursing must be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the laws and regulations stipulated by the Ministry of Health, National Health Commission and the Ministry of Health. Basic or routine nursing should be completed in an orderly, purposeful and planned manner, the basic situation of patients' body weight should be observed and understood, disease data should be monitored or obtained according to the change of illness, doctors should be assisted to complete the treatment of patients, infusion examination and education should be strengthened, medical disputes should be handled in time, and medical accidents should be prevented.
Monitor vital signs of critically ill patients, collect specimens, collect and analyze weight and nutrition regularly, and take care of patients' daily life, daily activities, medication and safety from the aspects of physiology, psychology, social culture and spirit. For example, patients with myocardial infarction may show physical pain, chest tightness and shortness of breath; Psychological fear, fear; Ideological and cultural insight and understanding of disease knowledge; Whether the spirit is valued and respected by nurses and doctors.
Historical development:
Nursing has existed since human beings, which is human instinct and the need of survival. In the struggle with nature, the ancients suffered from the harm of wild animals and the destruction of the harsh natural environment, and self-protection became the first need. In the application of fire, Beijingers gradually realize that hot stones and sand can not only provide local heat, but also eliminate pain. Primitive people created "bian stone" and "bian stone needle" as tools to relieve illness.
When human society developed into matriarchal clan commune era, men were divided into hunting groups, and women were responsible for managing the internal affairs of the clan, collecting wild plants and taking care of the sick and disabled, so there was the embryonic form of the family. Breastfeeding often symbolizes maternal love and a wife's love for her husband. The original family consciousness or self-care consciousness has become the cradle of life growth, and developed with the existence of human beings and their understanding of nature.
The combination of medical care and nursing is one of the characteristics of ancient nursing. /kloc-Before the 0/9th century, there was no nursing specialty in all countries of the world. Hippocrates, known as the "father of medicine" in ancient Greece, attached great importance to nursing. He taught patients to gargle, instructed mental patients to enjoy music, and adjusted the diet of patients with heart disease and kidney disease. From a modern point of view, these are all nursing care that is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients.