The Concept of Illustration and Its Evolution
Application of illustrations
Functions and functions of illustrations
Aesthetic characteristics of illustrations
The form of illustration
Classification of illustrations
Illustration status quo
In the field of modern design, illustration design can be said to be the most expressive, and it is closely related to painting art. Many expressions of illustration art draw lessons from the expression of painting art. The marriage of illustration art and painting art makes the former make great progress in exploring the diversity of expression methods and in the depth and breadth of design theme expression, showing more unique artistic charm and thus more expressive. In a sense, painting has become a basic discipline, and illustration has become an applied discipline. Throughout the history of illustration development, its application scope is constantly expanding. Especially today, with the rapid development of information, people's daily life is full of all kinds of commercial information, and illustration design has become an irreplaceable art form in the real society. Therefore, the purpose of our research is how to study, think and study modern illustration knowledge in depth and serve the society better.
[Edit this paragraph] The concept and evolution of illustrations
Illustration definition
The definition of "illustration" in Ci Hai is: "refers to pictures inserted in books and periodicals. Some are printed in the middle of the text, and some are inserted in the pages to supplement the content of the text or for artistic appreciation. This explanation is mainly aimed at the definition of book illustrations, which is a narrow definition.
With the advent of the information age and the development of modern society, the meaning of modern illustration has changed from a narrow concept (limited to paintings and pictures) to a broad concept. "Illustration" refers to the pictures inserted between words in newspapers, magazines, various publications or children's picture books that we usually read, collectively referred to as "illustration". Illustration, in Latin, means "light up". Reading words and thinking about meaning were originally used to increase the interest given by words in publications and make the words more vivid and vivid in readers' minds. In today's various publications, the importance of illustrations has far exceeded the foil position of "luminous words". It can not only highlight the theme, but also enhance artistic appeal.
Illustration is an art form. As an important visual communication form of modern design, it occupies a specific position in modern design with its intuitive image, true sense of life and beautiful appeal. It is widely used in many fields of modern design, involving cultural activities, social undertakings, commercial activities, film and television culture and so on.
Historical evolution of illustrations
The development of illustration art has a long history. In your eyes and mine, ordinary and simple illustrations have great connotations. From the world's oldest illustration cave mural to the Japanese folk print ukiyo-e painting in the Edo period, all of them show the development of illustration. Illustrations first developed with the changes of newspapers and books in the early19th century. Its real golden age first began in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the illustrations just separated from art works were obviously drawn, and most of the authors engaged in illustrations were professional painters. Later, influenced by the school of abstract expressionism, they turned from concrete to abstract. It was not until the 1970s that illustrations returned to the realistic style. China's Early Illustration Forms
The earliest illustrations in China appeared in the form of printmaking. With the introduction of Buddhist culture, they used "disguised" illustrations in the scriptures to publicize their teachings. At present, China's earliest prints are recorded in historical materials, namely "Dalagni Curse" published by Tang Suzong. The title page painting of King Kong Prajna Sutra published by Tang Yizong Xian Tong in the 9th year (868) is the exact date. In the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, book illustrations developed greatly. The application scope has expanded to medical books, historical geography books, archaeological catalogue books, daily encyclopedia books and other books, and color overprint illustrations have appeared. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it can be said that the ancient illustration art developed greatly, and there were book engraving industries all over the country. Different regions have formed different styles. The forms of illustrations are: frontispiece drawings, text illustrations, top or bottom drawings, paintings on inner pages or title pages, and cards.
The historical evolution of ancient illustrations in China can be regarded as the development history of printmaking. It is also the history of folk New Year pictures. It's just that folk New Year pictures became commodities independently earlier, which is the predecessor of commercial illustration.
The history of illustration in Europe is similar to that in China, and it was first used in religious books. Later, illustrations were widely used in natural science books, grammar books and collections of classic writers.
With the development of today's society, illustrations are widely used in various fields of society. Illustration art not only broadens our horizons, enriches our thoughts, gives us unlimited imagination and broadens our minds. With the increasing commercialization of art and the emergence of new painting materials and tools, illustration art has entered the era of commercialization. In the era of commodity economy, illustrations play a great role in promoting economic development. The concept of illustration has gone far beyond the scope of traditional laws and regulations. Throughout today's illustration world, painters are no longer limited to a certain style. They often break the way of using only one material in the past, and widely use various means to achieve the expected effect, so that the development of illustration art has gained a broader space and unlimited possibilities. In China, although illustration developed late, it has a long history. After the development of blackboard newspaper, print and poster layout after liberation, and the reference to international popular styles after 1980s, with the popularization of computer technology in the middle and late 1990s, more and more cutting-edge authors who use computers for illustration design emerged.
Illustrations have found a huge living space since the birth of the mother book. With the development of technology and the needs of society, rich carriers are constantly emerging.
[Edit this paragraph] The application of illustrations
Application scope of illustrations
Publications:
Illustrations used in book covers, inside pages, coats and catalogs.
Including illustrations used by newspapers, magazines and other editors.
Commercial publicity: illustrations
Advertising DD includes newspaper advertisements, magazine advertisements, signboards, posters, leaflets and illustrations used in TV advertisements;
Business image design: product logo, corporate image (mascot);
Commodity packaging design;
Illustrate DD consumer guide, commodity description, manual, chart and catalogue.
Video multimedia:
The role and environmental art setting or interface design in film and television dramas, commercials, games, networks, etc.
Anything used for "explanation" can be counted as the category of illustration.
Two types of illustration applications
In the field of graphic design, we are most exposed to literary illustrations and commercial illustrations.
Literary illustration-a visual art form that reproduces the plot of an article and embodies the spirit of literature.
Commercial illustration-an image expression that conveys commodity information for enterprises or products and integrates art and commerce.
The illustrator gets the remuneration related to it, gives up the ownership of the work, and only retains the right of signature, which is a commercial transaction.
[Edit this paragraph] Functions and functions of illustrations
Illustration definition
Modern illustration is different from ordinary artistic illustration. Their functions, forms of expression and media are different. The service object of modern illustration is commodities first. Commercial activities require that the information they carry be conveyed to the audience accurately and clearly, and people are expected to correctly receive and grasp this information and make the audience feel beautiful while taking actions, so it is said to serve commercial activities.
Art illustrations usually have three functions and purposes:
First, as a supplement to the text;
Second, let people get the satisfaction of perceptual knowledge;
Third, show the artist's aesthetic concept, performance skills, and even show the artist's world outlook and outlook on life.
The function of modern illustration is very strong, and pure art that deviates from the purpose of visual communication often weakens the function of modern illustration. Therefore, the design should not make the theme of illustration ambiguous. It must be based on clarity, simplicity and accuracy.
The appeal of modern illustration
The basic appeal function of modern illustration is to convey the information to the audience in the simplest, clearest and clearest way, arouse their interest, try to convince what they convey, accept the propaganda content gladly in the aesthetic process and induce them to take the final action.
(1) Display vivid and concrete images of products and services, and convey information intuitively.
(2) Stimulate consumers' interest.
(3) Enhance the persuasiveness of advertisements.
(4) Enhance the attractiveness of commodities and stimulate consumers' desires.
[Edit this paragraph] Aesthetic features of illustrations
Illustration design, as a form of visual art, especially as a part of practical art, has its own aesthetic characteristics. Among them, the most obvious ones are as follows:
Purpose and restrictive factors
Second, practicality and popularity.
Third, visualization and intuition.
Fourth, aesthetics and interest.
Creativity and artistic imagination
6. Diversification and diversification
Due to the diversity of media, content, expression and appeal object, the aesthetic standards of modern illustration are also diversified and diversified. explain
[Edit this paragraph] The form of illustrations
There are many forms of modern illustration, which can be classified by media or function. According to the classification of media, it is basically divided into two parts, namely print media and film and television media. Print media includes poster advertisement illustration, newspaper illustration, magazine book illustration, product packaging illustration, corporate image publicity material illustration, etc. Film and television media include movies, television and computer screens.
Poster advertising illustration: also known as poster, poster. In the era when advertisements mainly rely on printed media to transmit information, they can be said to be in a dominant position in advertisements. However, with the emergence of film and television media, its application scope has narrowed.
Newspaper illustration: Newspaper is one of the best media for information transmission. It is the most popular, low cost, large circulation, wide spread, fast speed and short production cycle.
Illustration of magazine books: including the design of front cover and back cover and the illustration of words, which are widely used in all kinds of books. Such as literature books, children's books, science and technology books, etc. This kind of illustration is gradually declining. In the future, it will still exist in a large number of electronic books and newspapers.
Product packaging illustration: product packaging makes illustration more widely used. Product packaging design includes three elements: logo, graphics and text. It has two missions: one is to introduce products, and the other is to establish brand image. The most prominent feature is that it is between plane and three-dimensional design.
Illustration of corporate image publicity materials: it is the VI design of enterprises. It is included in the basic system and application system of corporate image design.
Film and television illustration in film and television media: point out the illustrations in movies and TV now. Generally, it appears in advertisements. Movie and TV illustrations also include computer screens. Now the computer screen has become the performance space of commercial illustration, and many graphic library animations, game programs and graphic tables have become a member of commercial illustration.
The form of illustration
Numbers, free form, realistic technology, black and white, color, using materials, photos and computer generation ... as long as they are "graphics", they can all be applied to the production of illustrations.
vector
[Edit this paragraph] Classification of illustrations
According to the current market positioning: vector fashion comics, young realism, the concept of illustration in Victoria, the United States and South Korea, etc.
Classification by production methods: hand-drawn, vector, commercial, cutting-edge (2D plane, UI design, 3D), pixel.
According to the illustration style, it is divided into Japanese cartoon illustration, European and American illustration, Hong Kong illustration, Korean game illustration, and Taiwan Province romance novel cover illustration. Because there are so many styles now, I just classify them simply.
In addition, there are many foreign styles, such as hand-folded paper, cloth pattern and various styles, which are neck and neck.
[Edit this paragraph] Illustration status quo
The most developed place of illustration: the United States is a country with a very developed illustration market, and appreciating illustrations has become a habit of society. On the one hand, a large number of independent illustration products are sold in the terminal market, such as illustration books, magazines, illustration greeting cards and so on. On the other hand, illustration, as a part of visual communication system (graphic design, illustration, commercial photography), is widely used in graphic advertisements, posters, covers and other design contents. The illustration market in the United States is also very specialized, which is divided into children, sports, science fiction, food, digital, pure artistic style, humor and other professional types, and each type has a special illustrator. The whole illustration market is very standardized and the competition is fierce, because the average income level of illustrators is three times that of ordinary Americans.
Illustrations in Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan: As we all know, Japanese commercial animation has a huge market and operation team. Animation is an important branch of illustration industry. Before CG technology (ComputerGraphics) entered the field of illustration, hand-drawn animation had become a sunrise industry in Japan. Today's younger generation is more and more inclined to use computer digital technology.
In South Korea, with the game industry climbing to the second pillar industry of the national economy in recent years, illustrations, especially digital illustrations, have sprung up everywhere, and the game characters designed with digital illustrations have also won more market space with the popularity of Korean games in China.
At the same time, Hong Kong and Taiwan illustrators are still looking for their own way of industry, although their works have obvious traces of learning from Japan. Illustration education: Beijing Institute of Printing, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing Broadcasting Institute, Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, Central Academy of Fine Arts and other institutions have set up illustrations or related majors in the past two years, but the teaching content often only includes publication illustrations rather than commercial illustrations in a complete sense.
But in foreign countries, the combination of illustration education and market is very close. Many well-known illustrators are visiting teachers in various universities, and they have brought the most fashionable and cutting-edge business consciousness to the school. Nowadays, commercial illustrations popular in foreign markets include publication illustrations, cartoon mascots, video and game art designs and advertising illustrations. In fact, in China, illustrations have spread all over print and electronic media, commercial places, public institutions, commodity packaging, film and television performance posters, corporate advertisements and even T-shirts, diaries and New Year cards.
What are the types and functions of illustrations in graphic design? Illustration, commonly known as illustration in China, extends to virtual objects and related visual applications on the current network and mobile phone platforms. So today, Ivy Bian Xiao will tell you the types and functions of graphic design illustrations.
In the field of graphic design, we are most exposed to literary illustrations and commercial illustrations. Literary illustration-a visual art form that reproduces the plot of an article and embodies the spirit of literature. Commercial illustration-an image expression that conveys commodity information for enterprises or products and integrates art and commerce. The illustrator gets the remuneration related to it, gives up the ownership of the work, and only retains the right of signature, which is a commercial transaction.
The basic appeal function of modern illustration is to convey the information to the audience in the simplest, clearest and clearest way, arouse their interest, try to convince what they convey, accept the propaganda content gladly in the aesthetic process and induce them to take the final action. Display vivid and concrete images of products and services, and convey information intuitively. Stimulate consumers' interest. Enhance the persuasiveness of advertisements. Strengthen the attractiveness of commodities and stimulate consumers' desires.
Three-dimensional illustration is a very expressive illustration form used in poster advertisements, which is rare in China, but it is an inevitable trend from the development of poster advertisements in the world. The production method is: according to the advertising creativity, the work is first composed in three dimensions, and then the picture is taken for the poster advertising screen. This requires poster designers and illustrators not only to have good graphic design ability, but also to have a solid three-dimensional foundation. Another method of three-dimensional illustration is to express the three-dimensional image through painting, which is to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on two-dimensional paper. In a word, modern illustration is no longer confined to the scope of two-dimensional expression space, and simple two-dimensional expression techniques can no longer meet the requirements of modern illustration design.
The above is the related sharing of the types and functions of illustrations in graphic design by Bian Xiao of Global Ivy League. I hope it will help your friends who study design. If you want to know more about graphic design, please pay attention to this platform.
How are the illustrations drawn? What's the name of this temple? Why do you want to learn software? Is it difficult?
Illustration is painted on paper, which is a traditional illustration painting method, using paper pigments and so on. This is what we usually call hand-drawn illustration, and learning software to draw illustration refers to graphic flat illustration, or board illustration, that is, drawing an illustration on the computer. Is it necessary to learn this form? Of course it is necessary. At present, online ordering of manuscripts basically requires drawing with graphic tablet, which is the mainstream demand in the current market because of its convenient modification and fast drawing efficiency. So it is necessary for everyone to draw an illustration through software. You can understand what the following board painting is about, and you will know why you need software to draw illustrations.
The popular understanding of board painting is to paint on the graphic tablet of electronic equipment, and the painting effect will be presented on the computer, and the traditional brush and paper will be replaced by ps software and sai software. As the product of scientific and technological progress, the board painting has obvious advantages of being very convenient for repeated modification and adjustment, which helps the painter to save a lot of time and energy. The board painting works are also easy to save, and there is basically no cost without pigments and paper. The following figure shows the effect of drawing on the tablet.
Two Ann's eyes are drying peppers, but it is difficult to know the design idea of the software.
Many friends will wonder, I know how to operate the software. Why do I feel weak when I go to paint and can't draw any decent works? These paintings are simply terrible. On the one hand, you are not skilled in the use of software. On the other hand, you didn't pass the software design thinking, and you didn't master the software from the real level. We usually say that learning things should start from two levels: Tao and technique, in which technique is the method and Tao is the thinking and foundation. Just like using the same seasoning, the dishes cooked by the chef are more fragrant than those cooked by us. This is that the chef has the thinking of cooking and knows how to use the matching seasonings to achieve the right state.
In order to help you improve the technical operation of illustration software, improve your design thinking and really improve your ability to control software, students can find a master teacher to learn, enrich themselves and broaden their horizons. He will broadcast the original painting course of board drawing illustration on the Internet for free at 8: 00 every night, and even many students with zero foundation like to listen to it, because the teacher's easy to understand is quite humorous, which will be a good guide for everyone's thinking improvement. Students who want to learn can go to Mr. Yu Rou's Wei Xin (homophonic): the first one is w9, and the last one is Kaka. Just combine the above two groups of letters in order.
Success in life is not without reason, and there is no success in heaven. Only by constantly learning, constantly cheering for yourself and replenishing energy can we really get rid of the clouds and see the light. Smart people will put things in other people's heads into their own heads to make themselves stronger.
Three kinds of commonly used computer illustration software.
1._S:
PS is recognized as the most powerful picture editing software, which is too bloated because of its powerful functions. The functions that a painter can use actually account for only a small part of its functions. Advantages are powerful deformation tools, layer styles, curve adjustment tools, etc. Of course, the disadvantages are obvious. First, many operations must be combined with keyboard shortcuts, and a large number of operations need to be re-entered after leaving the keyboard, which is really unfriendly to digital screen patients, and the software learning cost is high for outsiders. Secondly, after updating to 20 19CC, the long-awaited jitter correction (anti-slip) is still difficult to use, and color fusion is still uncomfortable. His powerful pen-making and popularity determine that most painters are in the ecology of PS, so PS is called the necessary software for image editing or production.
2.SAI2:
Note that it is SAI-2, which has completed earth-shaking changes on the basis of SAI, filled many shortcomings and perfectly inherited many advantages of the former. The lines are still smooth as silk, and the color fusion is still natural and touching. This is a painting software specially designed for painters. The key point is painting software, and PS is picture editing software. PS, the big brother, just did some painting functions when editing pictures.
3.CSP:
It is a drawing software with strong comic advantages. It has all the advantages of SAI and some functions of PS. Of course, even people with bloated PS have improved their work efficiency. The birth of this software really shows that only Japanese engineers can make software that really serves painters. It is the best choice for cartoonists and Japanese illustrators.
Summarize these three softwares:
(1)PS is good at thick painting, showing heavy and true texture and light and shadow, or using powerful brushes to imitate the texture of paper or cloth to start painting, and curve tools are also very easy to adjust the picture. Even if other painting software is used as the main tool, PS is needed as an auxiliary tool for the final adjustment of the manuscript, and the index is required to be ten stars. (main tool)
The advantage of SAI2 lies in the illustration of celluloid, with smooth lines and clear colors. Sai 2 is a pure and lovely little girl.
CSP, needless to say, the cartoonist must have chosen him.
Four _ still only milling S screen.
The two best apps on IPADiOS system: Procreate and ArtstudioPro.
Procreate is easy to learn, simple in layout and very friendly to beginners. At present, one of the best apps on the iPad, all my friends use this software by default. The biggest problem is that it can't import third-party brushes, so the old birds who are used to PS and SAI will inevitably feel a little frustrated.
ArtstudioPro is the closest software to PS on IPAD at present, which is very similar in layout design and functional layout. You can even directly import PS brushes and brush presets into the APP, and the default grouping is very sour. Even the anti-shake of this product perfectly inherits the chicken ribs of PS, but its deformation tool is not as imaginative as PS, and the delay of big brush is actually better than PS. If it is not in English, this product is undoubtedly the best APP on the IPAD at present, and there is no one. It is said that the Chinese version of ArtstudioPro will be launched soon, and Procreate has fainted from crying in the toilet. It is said that PS that is full of blood and not castrated will also log on to IPAD, and all the painting apps on iPad will cry together in the toilet.