Textile industry refers to the industrial sector that processes textile raw materials (cotton, wool, silk, hemp, chemical fiber) or their products, including spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing, reproduction production, etc. It is one of the important departments of light industry and closely related to people's lives. China's textile industry has developed rapidly, and now all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions except Tibet have modern cotton textile industrial enterprises and cotton textile processing centers. At present, Shanghai is still the largest cotton spinning production base in China. Cotton textile production in Jiangsu Province is also very developed, with Wuxi, Nantong, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Yancheng and Xuzhou as the main centers. Hubei's cotton textile production capacity ranks third in China, with Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi and Yichang as the main centers. Shandong is a province that has developed rapidly in recent years, with Qingdao and Jinan as the main centers. Henan Province is a new cotton textile base, with Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang and Kaifeng as the main centers. Hebei Province is one of the six major cotton textiles producing areas and transferring places in China, with Shijiazhuang, Handan, Baoding, Xingtai and Tangshan as the main centers. In order to balance the social situation of more male workers and less female workers in heavy industry areas, some cotton textile mills have been established in Anshan and Baotou.

China is the first country to produce silk in the world, and is known as the "Oriental Silk Country". Therefore, the silk textile industry started earlier. Including mulberry silk and tussah silk textile, mainly mulberry silk textile, the distribution is basically the same as sericulture. Silk spinning is mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin, among which Shanghai is the largest silk textile industry center in China. Suzhou, Hangzhou and Huzhou are three famous silk markets in China. Sichuan's "Jin Shu Satin" has been famous since ancient times, with Nanchong and Chengyu as the main centers. Guangzhou, Shunde, Foshan, Zhongshan and Wu Dong in the Pearl River Delta are important silk centers in southern China. Tussah silk is a product of our country. Liaoning Province is the largest tussah silk center in China, with Dandong and Fengcheng as the main processing centers, followed by Qingdao and Yantai in Shandong.

The wool spinning industry in China has developed rapidly. At present, it has formed ten categories of products such as worsted, wool yarn, blanket, camel hair, plush, woolen sweater, industrial woolen cloth, industrial felt and artificial fur, and the woolen industry system. The original wool spinning centers in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Wuxi were rebuilt and expanded, and Xinjiang Urumqi, Hailar, Hohhot and Inner Mongolia were newly built.