Press: Higher Education Press
Pricing: 16.9
Bar code: 97870400 13 122.
ISBN:ISBN 7-04-00 13 12-6
Author: Chu
Print date: May 2005-1
Release date: 1979-6- 1
Hardcover paperback _ folio _ Pages: 32 paperback pages, 4 19 pages.
China Library Classification:
The first-class classification of China Library Classification;
Secondary Classification of China Library Classification;
Book number:
Introduction: The content of this book focuses on explaining the atomic structure. The whole picture of atomic structure is summarized from the experimental facts and summary laws in spectroscopy, electromagnetism and X-ray. There is a preliminary chapter on quantum mechanics in the book, which introduces the basic concepts of quantum mechanics needed to explain related problems. When the book talks about the experimental facts and laws around the central goal, it also mentions some important applications at present, such as laser principle, paramagnetic vibration, X-ray diffraction and so on.
This book can be used as a trial textbook for physics majors in colleges and universities, and can also be used as a reference for teachers and students of other majors.
order
This book is compiled from the lecture notes of the editor professor. The first eight chapters focus on explaining the atomic structure. Based on the experimental facts and related laws of spectrum, electromagnetic phenomena and X-ray, the book gradually reveals the atomic structure. Chapter 9 briefly discusses the molecular structure. Through the introduction of this chapter, I hope to expand readers' understanding of the actual existence of atoms.
The third chapter introduces the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, and illustrates the problem-solving methods in quantum mechanics with simple examples. In this way, in the following chapters, the concept of this theory and its conclusions on some specific problems can be quoted to make the discussion more in line with the laws of micro-systems. The further study of quantum mechanics needs enough knowledge about atoms and molecules.
The last two chapters briefly introduce the knowledge of nucleus and elementary particles. Chapter 10 is generally an excerpt from the book Introduction to Nuclear Physics (published by Higher Education Press, 1965) edited by the editor. Chapter 1 1 briefly introduces elementary particles by collecting recent data. In order not to make this part too long, these two chapters do not include the explanation of experimental methods and mathematical derivation. The purpose of adding these two chapters is that if this book is used as a teaching material and there is no plan to open a nuclear physics course (including some basic particle knowledge) after the atomic physics class, these two chapters can be used as reference materials to briefly introduce this knowledge and provide students with supplementary reading.
When this book is used as a teaching material, you can choose the content according to the requirements of the course. If you only need to have a general understanding of atomic physics and the class hours are tight, you can use the materials in the first nine or eight chapters; Or consider streamlining it, for example, you can choose the contents of chapters 6 and 8; Chapter 9 can also be omitted.
Professor Cao Changqi from the Department of Physics of Peking University read the first draft of Chapter 11 of this book and made valuable suggestions. The editor revised the first draft of this chapter. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor Cao.
According to the research conclusion of the radius of charge distribution in the nucleus, Comrade Zeng of the Department of Physics of Peking University provided the correction of Coulomb energy in the external Sieger formula he proposed. The editor has written this revision into the book. I want to express my gratitude to Comrade Zeng.
Comrade Xu Zuhua and others have cooperated with editors many times in the teaching of atomic physics and often discuss teaching problems together. The compilation and revision of the early lecture notes and the completion of the final manuscript have absorbed the collective accumulated teaching experience. The exercises in chapters one to nine of this book were written by Comrade Xu Zuhua, and he also drew some illustrations in the book. I want to thank him for his help in writing.
The manuscript was reviewed at the peer review meeting attended by university teachers. Under the auspices of Comrade Zhou Zhongbi of Sichuan University, teachers from Sichuan University, Fudan University, China University of Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nankai University, Lanzhou University, Anhui University, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Normal University, Jiangsu Normal University and Qinghai Normal University reviewed and discussed the manuscript and put forward valuable opinions. Referring to these comments, the editor revised and supplemented the manuscript.
There must be some shortcomings and deficiencies in this book. Please give your valuable comments and criticisms.
Chu linsheng
1979 65438+ 10 in Peking University.
Table of Contents: Preface 1
Introduction 1
Chapter I Basic Information of Atoms 6
1. 1 mass and size of atom 6
The nuclear structure of 1.2 atom 8
1.3 isotope 19
Exercise 20
Chapter II Energy Levels and Radiation of Atoms 22
2. 1 spectrum-one of the important ways to study atomic structure 22
2.2 Overview of Hydrogen Atomic Spectra and Atomic Spectra 24
2.3 Bohr's hydrogen atom theory and the universal law about atoms 26
2.4 Spectrum of Hydrogen Ions 36
2.5 Frank-Hertz Experiment and Atomic Energy Level 42
2.6 General rules of quantification 48
2.7 Elliptic Orbit of Electrons and Relativistic Effect of Hydrogen Atomic Energy 50
2.8 Stern-Guelleh Experiment and Quantization of Atomic Spatial Orientation 55
2.9 Principle of Atomic Excitation and Radiation Laser 62
2. 10 correspondence principle and the position of Bohr theory 70
Exercise 75
The third chapter is the preliminary study of quantum mechanics.
3. 1 duality of matter 78
3.2 uncertainty principle 82
3.3 Wave Function and Its Physical Significance 86
3.4 Schrodinger wave equation 89
3.5 Several Simple Examples of Quantum Mechanical Problems 93
3.6 quantum mechanical description of hydrogen atom 103
Exercise 1 13
Chapter IV Spins of Alkali Metal Atoms and Electrons 1 15
4. 1 alkali metal atomic spectrum 1 15
4.2 polarization of atomic reality and penetration of orbit 120
4.3 Fine structure of atomic spectrum of alkali metals 124
4.4 Interaction between Electron Spin and Orbital Motion 126
4.5 Selection Rule of Single Electron Radiation Transition 134
4.6 Fine structure and Lamb shift of hydrogen atom spectrum 135
Exercise 143
The fifth chapter multi-electron atom 145
5. 1 spectra and energy levels of helium and periodic group II elements 145
5.2 Atomic states of two valence electrons 149
5.3 Pauli Principle and Ke Tong Electronics 159
5.4 General Law of spectra of complex atoms 16 1
5.5 General Selection Rule of Radiation Transition 164
5.6 An Example of Atomic Excitation and Radiation Transition-He-Ne Laser 165
Exercise 168
Chapter VI Atoms in Magnetic Field 170
6. 1 atomic magnetic moment 170
6.2 Influence of external magnetic field on atoms 174
6.3 Stern-Guelleh Experimental Results 178
6.4 * * * vibration 180
6.5 Zeeman effect 184
6.6 diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism 19 1
Exercise 196
Chapter VII Atomic Shell Structure 199
7. 1 Periodic change of element attributes 199
7.2 Electron Shell Structure of Atoms 202
7.3 electron configuration of Atomic Ground State 205
Exercise 2 17
Chapter VIII X-ray 2 19
8. Generation of1X-ray and measurement of its wavelength and intensity
8.2 x-ray emission spectrum 224
8.3 X-ray related atomic energy level 229
8.4 x-ray absorption 233
8.5 Compton effect 237
8.6 X-ray diffraction in crystals 242
Exercise 248
Chapter 9 Molecular Structure and Molecular Spectrum 250
9. 1 molecular bond 250
9.2 Molecular Spectrum and Molecular Energy Levels 256
9.3 Electronic States of Diatomic Molecules 260
9.4 vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules 263
9.5 Determination of rotational structure and molecular constant of diatomic molecular spectra 267
9.6 Combined Scattering (Raman Effect) 275
9.7 Introduction to Polyatomic Molecules 279
Exercise 284
Chapter X Nuclear 285
10. 1 Basic properties of atomic nuclei 285
Radioactive decay of 10.2 nucleus 295
10.3 interaction between rays and objects and application of radioactivity 3 12
10.4 nuclear force 323
10.5 nuclear structure model 326
10.6 nuclear reaction
10.7 atomic nuclear fission and atomic energy 352
The prospect of nuclear fusion and atomic energy utilization 359
Exercise 368
Chapter 11 elementary particles 370
1 1. 1 elementary particle-particle interaction 370
Observe 1 1.2 particle 373
1 1.3 Conservation Law and Symmetry Principle 382
1 1.4 * * * vibration state 388
1 1.5 hadron classification and straton model394
1 1.6 on electromagnetic interaction 400
1 1.7 weak interaction 403
Exercise 409
Common physical constants 4 1 1
Reference book 4 12
List of foreigners 4 13
Index 4 15 Study on atomic structure and physical properties under extreme physical conditions (high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, strong field, etc.). ) and special conditions (high excited state and high ionized state) have also become an important field of atomic physics research.