Vincent Willem van Gogh (1853- 1890) is a representative painter of post-impressionism in the Netherlands. 1Dherdt, born in Tianjin on March 30th, 853, had his ear cut off in his early years for expressing his inner grief. 1890 On July 29th, he committed suicide on the banks of the Vaz River in France because of a psychotic episode that had troubled him for many years. He did business in his early years, and then he was keen on religion. After 1880, he began to learn painting. I met painters such as E Bernard, P Sinek and P Gauguin in Paris. His early works were influenced by Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism, such as The Potato Eater and The River Seine. He has twice exhibited his works to the working class in cafes and restaurants. Tired of living in Paris soon, he came to arles in the south of France and began to pursue more expressive skills. At the same time, inspired by innovative literary thoughts and Japanese painting, we boldly explore the style of freely expressing inner feelings, so as to achieve the self-expression of lines and colors and the decorative and symbolic picture. Taiwan Province Province translated into Van Gogh.
Edit the artistic features of this passage.
Dot painting Church of love
At that time, although his works were difficult to be accepted by people, they had a far-reaching impact on the painting art of the 20th century in the West. Fauvism in France, expressionism in Germany and lyrical abstraction in the early 20th century were all inspired by his main role in the creative process, the free expression of inner feelings, the relatively independent value grasp of consciousness and form, and the absorption and extraction of oriental painting factors in oil painting, thus forming their own different painting schools. Van Gogh abandoned all the acquired knowledge, ignored the dogma cherished by the academic school, and even forgot his own reason. In his eyes, there is only a vibrant natural landscape, and he is intoxicated with it and forgets things. He regards everything in the world as an inseparable whole, and he embraces everything with all his body and mind. Van Gogh became a highly personalized painter very late, only eight years before his death.
Iris GruttTseng was born on March 30th, 853 in brabant, southern Netherlands (click to enlarge).
Det, the eldest son of Dutch Protestant priests teodor Van Gogh (1822- 1885) and Anna cornelia Ka Bentes (18 19- 1907). 1855 February 17, Vincent's sister Anna Courinha van Gogh was born. 1857, 1 In May, Van Gogh's confidant and his brother Theo was born. On March 1859, my sister Elizabeth Van Gogh was born. 186 1 year, Van Gogh drew the first sketch of his life-a cat, but it was torn up by his mother's praise. On March 1862, my sister Wilhelmina Van Gogh was born. 1866 The earliest pictures were taken at Zefenbergen Boarding School. 1866, Van Gogh entered the grammar school in tilburg from the boarding house in Zewenbergen, a village in Zendet. 1867 On May 7th, my younger brother Nillies Van Gogh was born. 1868 left tilburg grammar school in March. 1869 worked as a clerk in the Hague branch of Gupier Art Company in March, and then went to work in the Brussels branch.
187 1 year, the family moved to Helvette. 1872 started to correspond with Theo at school. 1873 In May, Vincent moved to the London branch and fell in love with ursula Loye, the landlord's daughter. In June, Theo entered the Brussels branch of Gupier Company. 1874 failed to propose to Ursula and returned to the Netherlands; From 10 to 12, I was in Gupier head office in Paris and then returned to London. 1In May, 875, he was transferred to Gupier Company in Paris, and he was keen on mysticism and religion. In October, 65438, his parents moved to Eton College. 1876 was dismissed by Gupier in March; Fingerprint extraction according to Miller's vespers. In April, I worked as a teacher in Ramsgate, England, and later as an assistant pastor in Elvas. 65438+ Return to Eaton in February. 1877 65438+1worked in Dordrecht Bookstore from October to April, went to Amsterdam in May, lived with my uncle Yang, and actively studied for the seminary. 1878 In July, he gave up his study in Amsterdam, and after a short stay at Eton College, he entered the Evangelical School in Brussels for three months in August, but failed to get the appointment of a priest and went to Borina Ri mining area near Mons to do informal missionary work. 1879 was expelled from the church because of his enthusiasm for work. This tragic experience left a deep impression on him. After that, I began to wander; Read Dickens, Stowe, Hugo, Shakespeare and Misley; Praise the art of Charles de Gru, Rembrandt, Lasdale, barbizon School and The Hague School; Disappointed by poverty, lose confidence in life; Start sketching. 1880 is a period of growing estrangement from family. Quem went on a spring outing, lived in a miner's house and started his creative career. Copy Miller's works. From June 65438 to 10, I went to Brussels to study perspective and anatomy. Contact with the Dutch painter Van Rappard in Brussels; Theo gave financial support. During the Eton period 188 1 year (188 1 year April12-1year February 30th), I left Brussels to live with my parents in Eton. I failed to propose to my recently widowed cousin Kay Voss. In 65438+February, he had a disagreement with his family and left home for The Hague. 1882 (1881February 365438-1883 September 12) During his stay in The Hague, he studied painting with his cousin Anton Moff. Began to live with Clarina ("Sean") Maria Honicke who was pregnant and abandoned, and broke up with Moff. In August, the Van Gogh family moved to Nunan near Eindhoven; I collected illustrations from English newspapers and drew many sketches and watercolors.
1883 (1883 September-1885165438+127 October) During the Drenthe and Noonan periods, in September, he and Sean went to Drenthe in northern Netherlands to paint. Start painting oil paintings. In February 65438, he returned to Newnan in the south of the Netherlands, where he lived with his parents at first, and then left home alone. 1884 watercolor painting and Weaver Girl practice; Tension with father; Much like Van Lahoud; In June, I studied Eugene Delacroix's color theory; Falling in love with margot, a girl from our village, had an unfortunate ending. 1885 (1885165438+1October 28th-1February 28th, 886) During the Antwerp period, about 50 portraits of farmers were drawn for potato eaters. My father died suddenly on March 26th, and was deeply moved by Emile Zola's Germination and other realistic writers' works. 10 Visit the museum in Antwerp; Rubens's light color and bold composition of Japanese ukiyo-e made him intoxicated; Get some Japanese prints, broaden my horizons and brighten the tone of the drawing board. 1886 (1886 March-1888 February 20th) During his stay in Paris, he studied painting at Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts for 65438+1October; Go to Paris at the end of February and live with Theo; I care about painting in Ermang Studio for several months; Paintings influenced by Delacroix and Monticelli; Impressionist painters such as Terec, Emile Bernard, Sinek and Gauguin; Found "Ming painting"; The eighth and last Impressionist Art Exhibition was held, and Seurat's Sunday in Big Bowl Island was exhibited. Van Gogh adopted a new stippling technique. From 65438 to 0887, the color palette became brighter and brighter because it was close to the developing contemporary French art movement. Fear, display Japanese prints; He exhibited his works in working-class cafes and walls twice; Meet and associate with pissarro, Degas, Seurat and Cezanne; Cheng has a close relationship with Emile Bernard; Deeply influenced by impressionist techniques and post-impressionist theory; Tired of life in Paris, I yearn for the south of France, where the sunshine is brighter and hotter, and the colors are stronger and more magnificent. I created Father Tangi and began to paint sunflowers in series. 1888 (1888 February 21-1889 May 3) During the Ar period, I went to Ar 'Provence in February, lived in Algasa Cafe, and moved to the "Yellow House" in Lamartin Square in May; Gauguin came to live with him on October 20, 65438/kloc-0; 65438+On February 23rd, an ear was cut off due to mental disorder; Gauguin returned to Paris. With the help of Theo, three paintings and several sketches of Van Gogh were exhibited in the independent salon. 1889 Saint-Remy Period (1889 May 3-1890 May 16), April 17, Taiao and Joanne Bunger (1862- In May, Van Gogh voluntarily entered the Saint Remy Mental Hospital; Sinek visited; Painted many pictures, mainly landscapes; Began to draw cypress continuous cropping. Van Gogh held an exhibition of impressionism and comprehensive painting in Malaysia. Van Gogh met Monk in Paris. 1890 during the Tianqiao period (1890 May 21-kloc-0/890 July 29), copying the works of Delacroix, Miller, Rembrandt and gustave dore; 65438+1October 3 1, son of Theo; Albert Auriere published an article commenting on Vincent's paintings; Van Gogh's The Red Vineyard was sold in an exhibition of twenty people in Brussels. This is the only work that he could sell when he was alive. He was discharged from the hospital in May, passed through Paris, had a short rest, lived in orpheus, and was supervised by Paul Gachet. In June, he created "Dr. Gaxie"; In July, I went to Paris to visit Theo's family and met Lautreck and Albert Auriere. After returning to Orville, I wrote Orville City Hall. His last oil painting, The Crow in the Rye. On July 27th, he relapsed and shot himself. He stopped breathing under the protection of Dr. Theo and Dr. Gachet in the early morning of the 29th 1 p.m..
Edit the family background of this paragraph.
Van Gogh's grandfather was a priest. Vincent van Gogh1789.2.11-1874.5.7). Van Gogh's grandmother named Elizabeth Hubert Friedag (1790- 1875) came from a Swiss family. They gave birth to 12 children, one of whom died very early, leaving five daughters and six sons. Van Gogh's father Theodore Van Gogh (1822.2.2-1885.3.26) preached in Zundet on 1849. He is a Christian priest. Two years later, he married Van Gogh's mother Anna cornelia Carpenters (1819.1.10-1907). Anna was born in The Hague, where her father was called "the king's bookbinder" because he was called "the king's bookbinder". One of his daughters married Uncle Vincent Van Gogh. Their first son died shortly after his birth. After his birth, Van Gogh was named after his dead brother: Vincent William. Vincent Van Gogh is the oldest in the family. He also has three younger sisters and two younger brothers. They are: Sister: Anna cornelia Van Gogh (1855.2.17-1938+05438+0.20); Brother: Theodorus van Gogh (Theo,1857.5.1-1891.25); Sister: Elizabeth A. Hubert Van Gogh (1859.3.16-1936+01.29); Sister: Wilhelmina Wilhelmina Jacob Van Gogh (1862-1941); Brothers: Cornelis Vincent Van Gogh, Nillies (1867.5.17-1900.4.24). In Van Gogh's life, he only kept close relationship with his younger brother Theo and his younger sister Wilhelmina, and Theo was also the biggest supporter and admirer of Van Gogh's life. 1890 Six months after Van Gogh's death, Theo followed his brother ... Although Van Gogh's father was only a priest, the Van Gogh family was still very influential at that time, because several of Van Gogh's uncles were "very influential" at that time: "Uncle Hein" (Hendrick Vincent Van Gogh 1865438). Uncle Jane (Johannes Van Gogh Johannes Van Gogh1817.8.19-1885), naval commander, lives in Amsterdam. 1877, Van Gogh lived in this uncle's house for a period of time. Uncle Cole (Cornus officinalis is mullins Van Gogh 1824- 1908) is also an art dealer. Van Gogh and Theo often call him Uncle C.M. Saint (Vincent Van Gogh 1820- 1888, the same name as Van Gogh), and he is a great art dealer. When I was a child, I was in poor health and couldn't go to college. He first sold painting materials in The Hague. He is a very talented and shrewd man. A few years later, his gallery became a famous one in Europe. And then with Goupil &, the largest gallery in the world; Cie, headquartered in Paris, signed a share contract. Van Gogh and Theo used to work in this uncle's shop, The Hague Gubil Company. Anton Moff (1838.9.18-1888.2.5) is a representative painter of The Hague School, and Van Gogh was under his guidance when he was in The Hague. His wife's name is Jeter Zi (formerly Jeter Cabinets 1856 -94), and she is Van Gogh's cousin. Her (Jeter's) mother's name is Fei Cabinets, and she is a sister to Van Gogh's mother. Fie has three daughters and Jet is one of them [1].
impressionism
Van Gogh is interested in the representation of real feelings, that is, he wants to show his feelings about things, not the visual image he sees. Van Gogh's palette brightened after he met an impressionist painter in Paris. He found that the only thing he loved deeply was color, brilliant and incongruous color. The color characteristics in his hands are fundamentally different from those of Impressionism. Although he used impressionist skills, his conclusion has an extraordinary personality because of his unique observation ability of people and nature. Van Gogh classified his works into another category different from the general impressionist painters. He said, "In order to express myself more forcefully, I am more free to use colors." In fact, not only the color, but also the perspective, shape and proportion have changed to show an extremely painful but very real relationship with the world. This distinctive feature later became the basis of the independent existence of Impressionism, which was different from other painting schools.
expressionism
Within a few years after Van Gogh's death, some painters began to imitate his painting methods. In order to express strong feelings, they can't truthfully reflect the reality. This creative attitude is called expressionism and proved to be a lasting trend in modern painting. That is, transforming the object for subjective consciousness. Although Gauguin and Van Gogh's names have become pioneers of modern expressionism and models of extremely personalized artists, their personal personality characteristics are somewhat different. Gauguin was a man who attacked traditional ideas. His language is mean, cynical, cold and sometimes rude. Van Gogh, on the other hand, was full of naive, passionate and deep love for artists.
Artistic mission
Van Gogh is an artist with a real sense of mission. Van Gogh summed up this feeling when talking about his own creation: "I risked my life for it;" Because of it, half my reason collapsed; But it doesn't matter ... "Van Gogh never gave up his belief that art should care about practical problems and explore how to awaken conscience and transform the world.
Edit this creative experience
Early works
This is Van Gogh's earliest oil painting. Including Eton period, The Hague period and Drenthe period. Van Gogh was almost 30 years old when he painted these paintings. These works were completed between 188 1- 1883. Previously, Van Gogh suffered a huge blow in the Japanese mining area of Borina, and almost despaired of God, but finally found the destination of life-painting in confusion and confusion. He began to copy many famous paintings and did a lot of sketching exercises. It can be said that Van Gogh was a talented painter who taught himself. He has been influenced by art since he was a child and has a high literary accomplishment, which makes him have a high artistic appreciation. Van Gogh liked Rembrandt and Miller. He painted farmers, workers and people at the bottom of society. Although the deep and heavy style contrasts greatly with the later painting style, the temperament and spirit shown in the painting are eternal.
Niu Nan
1At the end of 883, Van Gogh returned to Nunan, the church where his father worked. In two years in Newnan, people who eat potatoes
Van Gogh tried to practice his sketching skills. After drawing a lot of sketches and practicing, he finished his first masterpiece (the so-called fame was the result of later generations' evaluation, when Van Gogh was just an unemployed youth)-the potato eater. This painting and many of his works in this period have been influenced by the Dutch realistic painting style, with deep pictures and strong local flavor. This also shows Van Gogh's strong peasant complex, and he seems to want to be a peasant painter. On the one hand, he was influenced by Miller, a "spiritual mentor". More importantly, he yearned for rural life, respected simple farmers and praised honest labor. [Note]:19th century French realistic artist Miller likes to describe farmers' life. Van Gogh's spiritual mentor influenced and copied many of his works.
Antwerp
1885165438+1At the end of October, Van Gogh decided to go to Antwerp and stay there for three months. He studied hard and was addicted to painting. During this period, he learned about Rubens' paintings and came into contact with Japanese ukiyo-e paintings, which had a great influence on his later painting process. Van Gogh's works in this period continued the realistic style and deep brushwork in Newnan period, but he gradually made the colors of the canvas brighter and richer.
Paris
1886 At the end of February, Van Gogh came to Paris, the "capital of art". The strong artistic atmosphere here excited Van Gogh, especially the impressionist paintings shocked him. Under the introduction of his younger brother Theo (who was a famous Parisian art dealer at that time and had a good relationship with impressionist painters), Van Gogh met many impressionist painters, such as Lautrec, Gauguin, Seurat, pissarro, etc ... After being influenced by impressionism, Van Gogh's painting style changed and the picture became brighter. He also absorbed some impressionist techniques in his creation, such as stippling. During this period, Van Gogh began to create a large number of self-portraits. Two years later, Van Gogh was tired of city life in Paris. He was not satisfied with the impressionist expression and ideas, but his unique personality told us that Van Gogh's paintings did not belong to any genre, so Van Gogh came to the south of France with hope, and the sunny town of Al ushered in his most brilliant creative period.
arles
1888 In February, Van Gogh was recommended by a friend to come to arles, a small town in the south of France, and fell in love with it soon. Strong sunlight and rough wheat.
Lu Lin's family (19) makes him "crazy". Creation has entered a peak. Although influenced by French Impressionism and Japanese Ukiyo-e, his works have become very individual, which stems from his unique perspective and sensitive personality. He loves nature and life. He is not satisfied with "imitating the external image of things" rationally, but "expressing the artist's subjective opinions and emotions with the help of painting, so that his works have personality and unique style" (Van Gogh's original words are quoted in quotation marks). Therefore, Van Gogh was a master of painting with his mind. Van Gogh rented a "yellow house" near the town square and wanted to build a "painter's house". Later Gauguin came to live with him. Unfortunately, Van Gogh's syphilis entered the third stage, leading to mental disorder. He quarreled with Gauguin day and night, and then the famous "ear-cutting incident" happened. Under the protest of arles residents, Van Gogh was forced to leave and voluntarily went to St. Paul's mental hospital in St. Remy, not far from arles for treatment. Van Gogh created many works in arles, but he still couldn't sell them to support himself. Sunflower, Harvest Scene, Night Cafe-Outdoor and Night Cafe-Indoor are all representative works of this period.
Saint remy
1On May 8, 889, Van Gogh voluntarily came to Saint Remy, 25 kilometers away from Al. At St. Paul's mental hospital. By this time, Van Gogh had fallen into the right wing.
Oil painting _ Saint Remy (20 paintings) in fear of mental illness and confusion about the future. He gets sick every few months, but then he is sober and often paints outdoors. Surprisingly, Van Gogh was not decadent under such circumstances, but painted more mature, bolder and more shocking works. Many works in this period show strong emotion and "visual impact", and the rotating lines are rough and powerful, which makes people feel the painter's complex and strong feelings and expression impulse. Representative works include: starry night and cypress. It is worth mentioning that it was at this time that critics began to comment on Van Gogh and sold his only oil painting.
Orville (m.)
1890 May 17, Van Gogh came to Paris to meet Theo, his wife and his newborn nephew Vincent (the same name as Van Gogh). On the recommendation of Theo, he went to Orville, a small town not far from Paris, where he was treated by Dr. Gachet and continued to write.
Edit this suicide mystery
Van Gogh got along well with the local people, and his condition seemed to improve, but on the afternoon of July 27th, he shot himself while he was out painting. At dawn on the 29th, Van Gogh died beside Theo. He is only 37 years old. There has been a debate about the cause of Van Gogh's suicide. Personally, I think Van Gogh's suicide was not just due to mental problems. Works such as The Crow in the Rye must have been painted by the painter in a very sober state, but these paintings suggest that Van Gogh's death is obvious. 189 1 year 65438+1October 25th, Theo died half a year after Van Gogh's death. 19 14, Theo's body was buried next to Orville Van Gogh's grave.
Van Gogh's passion came from the world he lived in and the strong reaction of people he knew. This is by no means a simple reaction made by a primitive man or a child. His letter to his brother Theo is the most touching story written by the artist. The letter shows his highly sensitive perception, which is completely in line with his emotional response. He is keenly aware that he is getting the effect, which is achieved through yellow or blue. Although most of his color concepts are used to express his love for man and nature and his happiness in the process of expression, he is very sensitive to dark colors, so when talking about Cafe at Night, he said, "I try to express the terrible passion of human beings in red and green." The cafe at night is a nightmare composed of dark green ceilings, red walls and uncoordinated green furniture. The golden floor presents a vertical perspective and enters the red background with incredible power. Conversely, the red background is also quite competitive with its strength. This painting is an irreconcilable struggle between the perspective of space and the aggressive color trying to destroy it. The result is a terrible experience of claustrophobia and oppression. The work indicates surrealism's exploration of perspective as a means of fantasy expression, but no exploration can have such shocking power.
Chinese title: dream English title: dream
Chinese title: Van Gogh English title: Van Gogh
Chinese Title: Van Gogh: Painting Life English Title: Van Gogh: Painting with Words
The only oil painting "Red Vineyard" that Van Gogh sold before his death.
After Van Gogh's death, he became more and more famous. With the publication of works exhibitions, letters and even biographical books, Van Gogh gradually became a household name all over the world and became one of the most popular artists.