Master the content words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and sentences, read the text, and learn to examine the content and ideological tendency of works with modern concepts. According to the characteristics of the text and the requirements of the syllabus, I have set the following teaching objectives: 1. Understand the writer's works and related historical facts.
2. Accumulate knowledge of classical Chinese vocabulary. 3. Learn to read creatively.
4. Learn to comment on historical figures in two ways. 5. Establish a correct view of history.
6. Feel the writing spirit of forbearance and indignation. Resources:/.
2. Please list all the real words and function words required by the syllabus of classical Chinese in senior high school. I wonder if I can help you.
Classical Chinese occupies half of the Chinese reading part of the college entrance examination, which is equally divided with modern Chinese reading. With the comprehensive promotion and deepening of the second phase of curriculum reform, the investigation of classical Chinese will gradually increase. Classical Chinese reading is more difficult than modern Chinese, and it is also the part where students lose the most points, which is easy for students to open the gap. Therefore, many high school students are confused when reviewing classical Chinese. In this regard, I suggest you be familiar with the test sites. Examination Notes describes the investigation of classical Chinese as follows: "Can explain common classical Chinese words, identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns, and translate classical Chinese sentences in modern Chinese; Can write a certain number of famous sentences in classical Chinese silently. "
Explain common classical Chinese vocabulary.
The so-called common classical Chinese words are the classical Chinese words that often appear in our texts, and the so-called "explanation of common classical Chinese words" mainly refers to content words. At present, there are three versions of H, S and new textbooks in Shanghai, but no matter which version, the traditional classic titles are always required, and there are common content words in classical Chinese in the traditional classic titles. Therefore, our classmates must be familiar with the text and move. The so-called explanation of content words in classical Chinese in the college entrance examination paper is nothing more than the common content words in classical texts. According to statistics, there are 120 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese:
Love, safety, quilt, double, base, lightness, soldier, illness, inspection, Korea, Zeng, Cheng, sincerity, exclusion, rhetoric, obedience, danger, courtesy, Tao, virtue, degree, injustice, recovery, negative, cover, reason, solidity, protection, return, country and transition. Genus, number, rate, speaking, person, element, soup, crying, disciple, death, king, hope, evil, slight, informed, phase, gratitude, faith, honor, behavior, luck, repair, Xu, Xu, Yang, Yao, Yi, Yin and Right.
In addition, there are common usages of function words in classical Chinese, which also belong to the scope of investigation. Classical Chinese function words are more complex, flexible and diverse than real words, and it is difficult to distinguish and grasp them. There are 18 commonly used function words in classical Chinese, namely: knowledge, qi, two, then, meaning, nai, Yu, zhe, cause, leaf, Hu, Yan, harmony, micro, if, qi and suo.
Identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns
Common sentence patterns in classical Chinese are judgmental sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences, inverted sentences and fixed sentences. Especially inverted sentences, including prepositional object, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, adverbial postposition, verb inversion and so on. The probability of being investigated is very high. Students can classify the sentences in the text according to the characteristics of various sentence patterns, so as to be familiar with the text (so-called dragnet review) and identify and master common classical Chinese sentence patterns.
Translation of Chinese Classical Sentences
In fact, this is an investigation of the comprehensive application ability of candidates' classical Chinese, including both content words and function words; Not only are parts of speech used flexibly (nouns are verbs, verbs are nouns, adjectives are verbs, adjectives are nouns, causative usage, intentional usage, etc.). ), including the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, and the ability of candidates to use modern Chinese to organize language. The translation of classical Chinese sentences generally depends on the setting of scores, judging how many points to give, generally, one point is 1, and then judging which key substantive words must be explained and what special grammatical phenomena the sentence contains, all of which must be reflected through translation and must be well understood, otherwise there will be no great victory in countless minds and puzzles.
Be able to write China's classic works by heart.
The college entrance examination is generally five sentences and four sentences, with a score of 4. Both in and out of class. Pay equal attention to prose and poetry. Pay attention to the three versions of cross-reciting articles in class. At present, the titles of the three versions are: Shi Shuo, Drinking, Pipa Xing (the second paragraph), Tianmu Mountain Dream Ascending to Heaven, Jixiang Xuanzhi (the first paragraph) and Six Kingdoms. After class, there are mainly well-known famous sayings. We must pay attention to the phenomenon of multiple words, missing words and changing words, and there must be no typos. You know, if one word is wrong, the whole score of 1 will be gone, and all previous efforts will be in vain. The dictation of famous classical Chinese sentences is mainly to examine the accumulated attitude of our classmates.
In this way, it is not aimless to get to know yourself and review classical Chinese.
3. What are the 50 questions of ancient poetry 14 required by the national new curriculum standard college entrance examination outline? *** 64 articles (the college entrance examination syllabus published by Ben Wan Wei requires reciting all ancient poems). Senior high school must recite articles (14 articles). 1. Persuade to learn (gentleman's day: you can't study hard). 2. Free travel (there are unknown fish saints in the north). 3. The teacher said 4. Epang Palace Fu 5. Red wall fu 6. Mang. Pipa 1 1. Gold 12. Yu Meiren (When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon) 13. Nostalgia of Niannujiao Chibi 14. Required reading articles for nostalgic junior high school in Gu Bei Pavilion of Yongyue Jingkou (50 articles) 1. Quotations from Confucius II. Catch me. 4. Cao Gui Debate Zuo Zhuan 5. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's Warring States Policy 6. Teacher Zhuge Liang 7. Tao Qian in Peach Blossom Garden 8. Three Gorges Li Daoyuan 9. Miscellaneous Notes (4) Han Yu 10. Humble room Liu Ming Yuxi 1 1. Xiao Shi Tang Ji Liu Zongyuan 12. A record of Yueyang Tower. Ailian said Zhou Dunyi 15. Remember Su Shi's night tour of Chengtian Temple 16? Send dongyang horse (excerpt) song Lian 17. The Book of Songs by Guan Wei (Guan Guan Yu) 18. ) Wang Bo 22. Wang Wan No.23, the anchorage at the foot of Beibao Mountain (under the blue mountain, we meander forward). Rush to the frontier (bike wants to ask) Wang Wei 24. I heard that Wang Changling moved the Dragon Label to send (Yang) Li Bai 25. It's hard to go (pure wine fee, for a golden cup, 10 thousand copper coins for a hip flask) Li Bai 26. Wang Yue (the grandeur of Mount Tai! ) Du Fu 27. Wang Chun (a leopard cannot change his spots) Du Fu 28. The hut was broken by the autumn wind (? Volume) Shen Shen 30. Early spring, Ministry of Water Entry, Zhang Shiba (Tianjie), Han Yu 3 1. Enjoy Lotte, Yangzhou, and see (Ba) Liu Yuxi at first sight. Guan Tuomai (Tian Jia Shao Xian Yue), Bai Juyi 33. Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake (North Jiating West of Gushan Temple), Bai Juyi 34. Wild goose gate satrap 7. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night (Wen Jun's return date is undetermined) Li Shangyin 38. Untitled (it was a long time before I met her, but it was longer after we separated) Li Shangyin 39. Yinghuan (nothing to say when going to the West Building alone) Li Yu 40. Fisherman's Pride (Scenery in Qiu Lai) Fan Zhongyan 4 1. Huanxisha (a new song and a glass of wine) Yan Shu 42. Deng Feilaifeng (Feilaifeng)) Su Shi 45. Tour Shanxi Village (don't laugh at the farmhouse wine) Lu You 46. Cut in line (see drunken sword after receiving the lamp) Xin Qiji 47. Crossing the Zero Point-Ding Yang (once the hard work comes) Wen Tianxiang 48. Tianjingsha Qiu Si (dead vine old tree faint crow) Ma Zhiyuan 49. Mountain slope sheep Tongguan nostalgia (peaks together) Zhang 50.
4. At the beginning of classical Chinese translation, Zuo Taiyi and Feng Ge Luan Tai colleagues Wei Weiluo and Luo Yang made Zhang Changyi rely on his brothers to listen to things in the long history. Yuan Zhong came to the office and sent him away. Zhang Yizhi slave riot city, Yuan Zhong insisted on killing people. Empress Dowager Cixi summoned qi zhou, Yi's younger brother, attacked history and asked the Prime Minister, "Who deserves it?" Yuan Zhong said to him, "Today's courtiers cannot change Xue Jichang." The Queen Mother said, "Ji Chang has been a Beijing official for a long time, and I want to get rid of one official; What is a long period? " The ministers said, "Your Majesty is human." Yuan Zhong said: "The prosperous times are unbearable!" When the Queen Mother asked her why, she said, "I was a teenager, and I had no official business to spare.". In qi zhou, I ran out of accounts. Yong Zhengdi Jing is a complicated drama, unlike Ji Yuqiang. " The queen mother stopped silently. Yuan Zhong tasted it and said, "I have been blessed since the first emperor, but now I lack a prime minister. I can't die loyal, it is my sin to let the villain stand on my side! " The queen mother is unhappy. Because of this, Zhang Shen is very critical of this. Silicheng Gao Kun is Princess Taiping's favorite. I was afraid that the queen mother would be punished if she was unprepared, but he Yan said privately, "The queen mother is old and will grow up if she doesn't carry the prince." The anger of the Queen Mother, her loyalty to the Yuan Dynasty and her imprisonment will be distinguished from Chang Zongting. Chang Zongmi quoted Mr. Zhang from Fengge as saying that accepting bribes from American officials made Zheng loyal; Say yes. Tomorrow, the Queen Mother will call the Prince, the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister, so that Yuan Zhong and Chang Zongshen will be in opposition. Chang Zong said, "Zhang's suggestion is sincere. Please call him." The queen mother called and said. When he said that he wanted to be fashionable, Nanhe Song, the housekeeper of Fengge, said, "Fame is very important, ghosts and gods should not be bullied, and you should not fall into the evil of the party and beg for forgiveness! If you are sentenced to escape, you will get honor. If you have anything, knock on the cupboard and try to die with your son. Work hard for it, pay tribute from generation to generation, and do it at once! " Zhang Ting, the imperial envoy of Jiyuan in the temple, said, "Listen in the morning and die in the evening!" Zuo Zhi said, "History has no history of pollution, and it will tire future generations!" Entering again, the queen mother asked, saying it was wrong. He said fearfully, "Zhang said that he would go along with Wei!" " He said, "Yuan Zhong is the prime minister. Why don't you be a villain?" Chang zong forced his words from the side to make them fast. He said, "Your Majesty looked at it, but before your Majesty, you forced my ministers to do so. The situation is nothing more than this! I dare not tell Guangchao the truth today. I really don't know what Yuan Zhong said, but Chang always forced me to commit perjury! " Chang Zongqi shouted: "Zhang said that he is anti-Wei!" The queen mother asked about it. Yes, he said, "It can be said that it is Iraq and Zhou; Yi Yin took Taijia and Duke Zhou to the throne. What if you don't want it? " He said, "I am a brother and a villain. I only know the words of Yi and Zhou, and I know the way of Yi and Zhou! Japanese Yuan Zhong was dressed in purple at first, and the minister greeted him with a Langguan. Yuan Zhong said to the guests, "I am too ashamed to be spoiled for nothing." The minister actually said, "Guy, Zhou Wei is the ambassador, why should I be ashamed?" Peter Yi Yin and Duke Zhou are loyal ministers, and they are highly respected at all times. Your majesty used the prime minister instead of imitating Iraq and Zhou. Who should he learn from? Today, I often don't know that it is connected with the scale, but it is connected with the family! But I'm afraid of Yuan Zhong's murder, and I dare not make false accusations. "The queen mother said," it is said that repeated sims should be treated together. "Another day, I will ask more questions and say it is as correct as before. Empress Dowager Cixi was very angry and ordered the Prime Minister and King Wu of Hanoi to stick to what they said. At the beginning, Zuo Tai-yi and Wei, a fellow countryman of Fengge Luantai, served as Luo Ci-shi. Before Wei came to power, Luo Yang let Zhang Changyi rely on the strength of several buddies. Every time I went to the government office of the governor of Los Angeles, he didn't stand under the court as required, but went straight to the lobby of Changshi's office. When Wei arrived, he ordered him to go down. Zhang Yizhi's domestic slaves ran amok in the streets of Shen Du, and Wei Yuanzhong ordered them to be killed with a stick. After Wei entered the dynasty as the prime minister, Zhang Changqi, the younger brother and secretariat recruited by Wu Zetian, entered the dynasty and wanted to appoint him as a long history. When officials went to court, Wu Zetian asked the prime ministers: "Who can be competent for the position of Yongzhou's long history?" Wei said: "Of all the courtiers now, no one is more suitable than Xue Jichang. "Wu Zetian said:" Xue Jichang has worked in the Beijing government for a long time, and I intend to appoint him to find another job. What do you think of Zhang Changqi? The ministers replied with one voice: "Your Majesty has indeed found the right candidate. Only Wei raised an objection: "Zhang Changqi is not qualified for this position! When Wu Zetian asked why, Wei replied: "Zhang Changqi is still very young and unfamiliar with the way of governing the country. When he was an official in qi zhou, qi zhou had very few registered permanent residence. Zhangzhou is located in the provincial capital city, with many things and heavy burdens. Zhang Changyi is naturally not as smart as Xue Jichang and is not familiar with affairs. " Wu Zetian said nothing. Wei once said to Wu Zetian: "From the reign of the first emperor to the present, I have received the favor of the imperial court. Now I want to be the prime minister, and I can't be loyal to my country and let the villain take power around your majesty. This is my sin! " Wu Zetian was very unhappy after hearing this. For this reason, the brothers hated Wei. Silicheng Gao Kun is Princess Taiping's favorite. It happened that Wu Zetian was ill, fearing that she would be killed by Wei when Wu Zetian died, so she framed Wei He and said privately, "The Queen Mother is old, so it is better to rely on the Prince. This is the long-term solution. " Wu Zetian was very angry and ordered Wei He to be arrested and put in prison, ready to let them confront each other on the spot in court. Zhang Changzong secretly way
5. What are the requirements for classical Chinese in high school?
As a senior high school student in the 2 1 century, in order to improve the cultural taste and aesthetic taste, have the Chinese literacy to meet the actual needs, and cultivate the thoughts and feelings of loving the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to read as many ancient literary works as possible. The development, progress and modernization of society must not abandon our fine traditions. The ancient literary works that can be passed down to today have been tested by long-term practice, nurtured and infected generation after generation in the long river of history, and have eternal artistic charm. Reading more ancient works by senior high school students can not only cultivate the reading ability of simple classical Chinese and the ability of literary appreciation, but also help to improve students' cultural taste and aesthetic taste. Therefore, ancient literary works account for about 465,438+0% in the new textbooks. Nevertheless, our requirements for classical Chinese are only reading, understanding and reciting, focusing on mastering some words and sentences in classical Chinese.
6. Find 18 function words in classical Chinese and 120 function words in classical Chinese * * * 18[ er, he, Hu, Nai, Qi, and, if, what, why, how, and use, because, in, and.
Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. There are a large number of notional words in classical Chinese, and mastering more notional words in classical Chinese is the key to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.
When learning notional words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to its four main grammatical features: first, polysemy; second, the ancient and modern changes in meaning; third, the flexible use of parts of speech; and fourth, generic words. In classical Chinese, there are several ways to study the meaning of common notional words.
(1) Text transfer method needs to learn classical Chinese well and transfer it at an appropriate time. (2) Causal testing infers the meaning of words in the text through common sense or learned knowledge. If it doesn't conform to common sense and truth, we should consider whether there is fraud. (3) Contextual reasoning is used to see whether the content words in classical Chinese conform to the context, and the common objection is the evaluation of the content words.
(4) Grammatical inference method analyzes the meaning of special notional words with the help of grammatical knowledge. (5) Synonymous correspondence and antonym correspondence are the same in intertextuality, which can be inferred by comparing contexts. (6) Idiom Inference Method We can infer the meaning of notional words in classical Chinese from the idioms we know, and see if they are followed. The key to solving classical Chinese problems is to firmly grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, and cultivate the comprehensive ability of analysis and judgment on this basis.
In the usual study, we should pay attention to the learning of real words and function words, implement the meaning and usage one by one, and then master the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns. The following are several ways to infer the meaning of notional words in classical Chinese.
1. Inferring meaning from shape. In Chinese characters, pictophonetic characters account for the majority.
Pictophonetic characters are divided into phonetic symbols and semantic symbols, among which semantic symbols provide conditions for us to infer the meaning. For example, Mimi is gone, in which Mimi is called a wooden boat. We don't know much about Mimi, but we know that Mimi is a combination of wood and Mimi.
2. Inferring the meaning of words from interchangeable words. The interchangeable words in classical Chinese are an obstacle to straighten out sentences, but we can deduce the meaning of this word according to the law of interchangeable words.
For example, if you understand "fatigue" as "fatigue", it will become "weapons can win completely without fatigue", which obviously doesn't make sense. At this time, the meaning of "fatigue" becomes the key to understand the whole sentence. At this time, if we associate the word "blunt" which means "not sharp" according to the law of approximate fallacy of homophones, we can translate the whole sentence into "the weapon is still sharp (the enemy can defeat without fighting) and win completely", and the meaning of the sentence will be clear.
3. Infer the meaning according to the word structure. Chinese word formation has rules to follow, and the meaning of words can be inferred by following its word formation.
For example, this is a coordinate phrase in the sentence "People are rich but don't know how to save their pensions". As long as we know that "T-shirt" means "pity", then "deposit" is synonymous with it and "comfort" associated with "T-shirt".
Another example is that "survival" in the "survival principle" is antonym juxtaposition, and "existence" means "survival". 4. Inferring meaning from intertextuality.
Intertextuality is a common phenomenon in ancient Chinese. For example, out of the land, out of the house, where "out" and "out" are intertextual.
If we know that "exhaustion" means "exhaustion", we can infer that "exhaustion" means exhaustion 5. Infer the meaning of words from the text.
In a sentence, if the meaning expressed is opposite, then one side of the word used constitutes the antonym of the other side. For example, "I have been thinking all day, so I might as well finish what I have learned in an instant."
We know "all day" and "one moment". This is an antonym, so we can infer that "a little while" means "a short time" from the meaning of "all day" or "all day"
6. Infer the meaning of words from the context. This method infers the meaning of the word to be explained by combining the semantics of the context.
For example, when Miao Xian praised Lin Xiangru to Wang Zhao, he said, "I think he is a soldier". If interpreted as "brave" or "courage", it is obviously inappropriate. However, if it is related to the following words "resourceful" and his performance in "Return to Zhao in an Safe Way" and "Mianchi Conference", it can be inferred that "samurai" means "brave" in the sentence. 7. Use the article to extend the meaning.
Words have original meaning and extended meaning. If we can't explain the word according to its original meaning, we can consider it from its extended meaning.
For example, the original meaning of "peep" in "dressing in court and looking in the mirror" is to look in through a small hole or gap, which obviously cannot be explained. We can infer the meaning of "photo" by associating it with its original meaning. 8. Fill in the ellipsis and infer the meaning.
In classical Chinese, some sentence elements are omitted, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of understanding the meaning of sentences. For example, it is difficult to implement the meaning of the word "Ben" in "although riding the wind to ward off evil spirits" If the word "horse" is added after the word "Ben", the meaning of the word "Ben" can be realized as "running the horse", so that the whole sentence will be smooth.
9. Infer the meaning of words by analyzing syntax. In the translation and understanding of classical Chinese, syntactic analysis can be used to determine the part of speech, and then the meaning can be inferred according to the part of speech.
This method has played a great role in explaining polysemous words, movable words, generic words and function words that span several categories. For example, in the sentence "Water mist can't cover near", the word "Xin" precedes the adverbial "Nan" and the predicate "Qiu", which can be inferred as an adverb and can be interpreted as "indeed".
According to the specific requirements of the stem and the stem in solving problems, several interpretation methods of interview can be adopted, and they can also be used comprehensively to infer from different aspects repeatedly to improve the accuracy of solving problems.
7. Provide 120 explanation of notional words in classical Chinese required by the college entrance examination syllabus.
(1) adjective
(1) security and peace
Xie Zhuang Suian. (Feng Wanzhen)
-Xie Zhuang is so safe.
② Safe.
The wind and rain are calm as a mountain. ("The hut was broken by the autumn wind")
-Steady as Mount Tai in the storm.
③ Stability and comfort.
Not suffering from widowhood and inequality, not suffering from poverty and anxiety. ("Ji's General Cutting")
-Don't worry about (things) less but uneven distribution, don't worry about poverty but worry about social instability.
(2) Verbs
Settle down
Food and clothing are safe, and those who dare to specialize will be divided. ("Zuo zhuan? Cao Gui Debate ")
-clothes and food that people have to give to others if they dare not possess them alone.
② Resettlement of immigrants
Wang Ping camped ten miles from the mountain. (romance of the three kingdoms? Lost Street Pavilion ")
8. Sort out the meaning and usage of the notional words and function words in classical Chinese required by the college entrance examination syllabus. 1. Conjunction
Connectives, phrases and clauses can express various relationships. For example, (1) indicates a parallel relationship.
For example, crabs kneel six times and pinch twice, which is not the point where snakes and eels have no sustenance. (2) Represents a progressive relationship. For example, a gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself by towering into the sky.
(3) indicating the undertaking relationship. ④ Represents a turning point.
For example, green is taken from blue, and green is blue (5) indicates hypothetical relationship. For example, if you are interested and expect the horse's head, you can also (6) express the modified relationship.
Such as: ① I am looking forward to it after tasting it, so it is better to climb the mountain to see it; And (7) it means causality. For example, if you don't use it, it means evil, and (8) it means the purpose relationship.
For example, if you have foresight, you will be very lucky. The second person said, generally as an attribute, translated into "yours", and occasionally as a subject, translated into "you".
For example, Weng Changquan, who moved to Beijing, waits on his mother every day. (A) as a separate predicate, ask the reason, often followed by the modal particles "in" and "also".
Which one? The prestige of a big country is to cultivate respect. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Is it to taste the benevolent heart of the ancients or to do something different from them? As an object, it mainly indicates places and things, which can be translated as "where" and "what".
Put "he" back when translating. What does Yuzhou want today? (Battle of Red Cliffs) What is the king doing here? As an attribute, it can be translated into "what" and "which".
But when will you be happy? (The story of Yueyang Tower) What are we going to listen to here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. ("Pipa") 2. Adverbs.
(1) is used at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb, which often indicates a rhetorical question and can be translated as "why" and "how". Why don't you stay put and tie up your armor and deal with it in the north? ("Battle of Red Cliffs") What is the relationship between the public and the monarch? (The satirist in Zou Ji is the King of Qi) (2) Used in front of adjectives to express a deep degree, which can be translated as "how", "how" and "how so".
As for swearing, breaking my hair and crying, how bad! (Biography of Lingguan) 3. Disyllabic function words "Taru" and "Why". (A) "He Ru" is often used in interrogative sentences to express doubt or cross-examination, which is equivalent to "Why? Quot or "what"
For example, Fan Kuai said, "What happened today?" (The Hongmen Banquet) What if it comes by bike? ("The new thief saves Zhao") Why is Yuan like a person? (Tan Sitong) (2) "Why" means "Why" and is used as an adverbial in interrogative sentences. According to the different uses of "yi", it is equivalent to "what to take" and "why" respectively. Why did Rong Hong treat him like this when he first met him? (Tan Sitong) Why? (debate) Hu 1. Modal words
(1) The interrogative mood can be translated as "mom" and "you". Is the child cold? Want to eat? (Ji Xiang Xuanzhi) Is there a "xianggong" coming out to see the guests at this time? Do you want to be safe? ("Battle of Red Cliffs") (2) Express mood, which can be translated as "ba".
When the king is happy, he is almost equal. (Bao Zhuang meets Mencius) (3) Used in exclamatory sentences, which can be translated as "ah" and "ah".
Oh! Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! (The snake catcher said) (4) Used at a pause in a sentence. What does Hu Wei want? (Homecoming) 2. Preposition.
Equivalent to "Yu". Born before me ... In addition, it can be used as a suffix.
There must be space to be magnificent! ("Impetigo relieves cattle") is an adverb of 1 It can be translated into "JIU" and "Zhejiang cuisine". This means that these two things are logically continuous or close in time. It can also mean that the two things are reversed in reason and can be translated into "que", "Jing (ran)", "instead" and "Cai" It can also refer to the limitation of the scope of things, which can be translated as "talent"? Quot wait.
For example, as the saying goes, "carnivores are contemptuous, but they can't be far-sighted." Then they went to the court to see the duke.
(Cao Gui Debate) Her husband Zhao Qiang is weak, but the prince is the lucky one among the princes of Zhao, so the prince wants to marry him. Today, the monarch is the death of Zhao, and the state of Yan is also.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) And the poor are looking for it with an axe. (Shi Zhongshan Ji) I dare to climb the wall.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Wang Naifu led the troops and enjoyed himself. To Dongcheng, there are 28 riders. (Biography of Xiang Yu) 2. Pronouns.
Used only as the second person, often as an attribute, translated as "yours"; Also as the subject, translated as "you". Cannot be an object.
For example, Julian Waghann decided to celebrate the Central Plains Festival in the north, and this family sacrifice has never been forgotten. (Lu You's Xiuzi) 3. It can be translated as "yes" and "yes".
For example, if things are not good, this is heaven. ("Battle of Red Cliffs") The winner is the one who holds Yimen Pass.
(Xinlingjun steals symbols to save Zhao) Its pronoun 1 can be divided into several situations: (1) Third person pronoun. Can be used for people and things, before nouns, can be translated into "his" and "its" (including plural).
For example, if I followed his plan, the king was lucky enough to forgive me. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) Third Person Pronouns.
Generally used before verbs or adjectives, as a small subject in subject-predicate phrases. For example, the King of Qin was afraid of his broken walls (Biography of Lian Po and Biography of Lin Xiangru), and his knowledge of Taoism was ahead of mine.
All this is said to be remarkable. ("Qikemu" in The Whip is the object) (3) Flexible use of the first person.
Can be used as an attribute or a small subject, and the sentence is translated into "mine" or "my (own)". For example, today's Soviet Union welcomes Cao Cao, and Cao Cao should repay the township party with the Soviet Union and enjoy its fame and position without losing Cao Cao's post.
(Battle of Red Cliffs) And I'm sorry that the trip won't be extremely enjoyable. ("A trip to Baochan Mountain") 4 demonstrative pronouns, indicating far-reaching influence.
As an attribute, it can be translated as that, that, those and that. Then I still blame the person who came up with it.
Today, I have been in Jingzhou, and I have a place to vote. ("Battle of Red Cliffs") (5) demonstrative pronouns, meaning "one of them", followed by numerals.
For example, choose one or two rocks. (The Story of Shi Zhongshan) 2. Adverbs.
Put it at the beginning of a sentence or in a sentence to express the tone of measurement, backchat, modesty, expectation, etc. It is often matched with modal particles placed at the end of sentences, which can be translated into "probably", "don't", "still" or omitted as the case may be. For example, is this all about it? (Shi Shuo represents a measure) Which one can be ridiculed (You Bao Chan Shan Ji represents a backchat).
Don't be sad! The Book with Wife shows the elegance of business. You will never forget it.
9. Ask the high school classical Chinese ancient poems recited in the college entrance examination outline:
Senior high school 14:
Xunzi's persuasion, Zhuangzi's wandering, Han Yu's teacher's theory, Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu, Su Shi's Cliff Fu, Mang in the Book of Songs, Li Sao, Li Bai's difficult road, Du Fu's ascent, Bai Juyi's pipa trip, likui jy.
50 junior high schools:
Confucius' Quotations, Mencius' Fish I Want, Mencius' Born in Worry, Die in Happiness, Zuo Zhuan and Warring States Policy Zou Ji satirizes Shangshu, Zhuge Liang's Model, Peach Blossom Garden, Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges, Han Yu's Miscellaneous Notes (IV), Liu Yuxi's Humble Room, Liu Zongyuan's Little Stone Pond and Fan Zhongyan's Liu Yuxi's first encounter with Lotte Yangzhou, Bai Juyi's watching wheat cutting, Bai Juyi's spring outing in Qiantang, Li Heyan's birthday girl, Du Mu's red cliff, Bo Qinhuai, Li Shangyin's Notes for a friend in the north on a rainy night, Li Shangyin's Untitled and Li Yu's Meet. Xin Qiji's Broken Array, Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the River, Ma Zhiyuan's Patio Sand, Zhang's Mountain Slope Sheep's Tongguan Nostalgia, and Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems.