full stop
The form of a period is ".". There is also a form of period, that is, the dot ".",which is generally used in scientific and technological literature.
A pause at the end of a statement with a period.
For example, Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC).
B) Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind.
C) Asia is a vast region, spanning cold, warm and hot areas. Because of the different topography and distance from the ocean, the climate is complex and diverse.
At the end of a soothing imperative sentence, a period is also used. A moment, please.
question mark
The question mark is in the form of "?" .
Pause at the end of the question, with a question mark.
For example: a) Have you ever seen a golden monkey?
B) What's his name?
C) Is it better to go or not?
A question mark is also used at the end of the rhetorical question.
Don't you know me?
How can you say that?
exclamation mark
The exclamation point is in the form of "!" .
A pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence with an exclamation point.
For example: a) Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!
B) How I want to see his old man!
At the end of a strong imperative sentence, an exclamation point is also used.
A) get out!
B) stop shooting!
Strong rhetorical questions also end with exclamation marks.
I can't compare with him!
comma
The form of comma is ","
If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in a sentence, use a comma.
For example, most of the stars we can see are stars.
If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.
For example, it should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.
If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma.
He is no stranger to this city.
Pauses between sentences in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon.
For example, it is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have been to more than a dozen.
Slight pause mark
The form of pause is ",".
A pause between coordinate words in a sentence, a pause
For example: a) Amazon, Nile, Mississippi and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world.
B) A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.
semicolon
The form of semicolon is ";" .
Pause between parallel clauses in complex sentences, using semicolons.
For example: a) language, the language people use to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes.
B) In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Qutang Gorge is like a sluice and dangerous; Martial arts is like a winding gallery. Every song and every turn is like an excellent landscape painting, magical and beautiful. The water in Xiling Gorge is very dangerous, and there are rapids and dangerous beaches everywhere.
Semi-colons are also used between the front and back parts of the first layer of multiple complex sentences that are not juxtaposed (such as turning relationship, causal relationship, etc.). ).
For example, citizens who have reached the age of 18 in China have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law.
Semicolons can also be used between items listed in a branch.
For example:
The administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are as follows:
(1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
(3) Counties and autonomous counties are townships, nationality townships and towns.
colon
The form of the colon is ":".
Used after salutation, it means to mention the following.
Comrades and friends, the meeting begins now.
Used after the words "say, think, yes, prove, announce, point out and disclose, for example, the following", it means to mention the following.
For example, he was surprised and said, "Ah, it's you!"
Used after the general discussion, it means that it causes the following discussion.
For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing has four gates: the Wumen Gate, the Shenwu Gate, the Donghuamen Gate and the Xihuamen Gate.
Used after a word that needs to be explained, it means that an explanation or explanation has been introduced.
For example: Foreign Language Book Fair.
Date: 65438+1Oct. 20th to165438+1Oct.
Time: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Venue: No.0/6, Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation.
General discourse can also be preceded by a colon to summarize the above contents.
For example, Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University and studied in the Department of Chemistry. Ping Li entered a secondary technical school, majoring in mechanical manufacturing; I work as a shop assistant in a department store: we all have a bright future.
cite
The forms of quotation marks are double quotation marks ""and single quotation marks "".
If you quote directly in the article, please use quotation marks.
For example:
A) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination examines everything in the world and promotes progress, which is the source of knowledge evolution."
B) The proverb "Full strokes hurt people and moderate gains" has been circulating for at least two thousand years.
C) The horses painted by modern painter Xu Beihong are, as some critics have said, "full of vigor and vitality".
The objects that need to be discussed emphatically are marked with quotation marks.
For example, the ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "being organized". "Having something" means having content, and "having order" means being organized.
Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks.
For example: a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag patterns, connected to the sky and the stars, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
B) There are fewer such "smart people".
When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used outside and single quotation marks should be used inside. For example:
He stood up and asked, "Teacher, what does' orderly' mean?"
brackets
The common form of parentheses is parenthesis "()". There are also square brackets, hexagonal brackets and square brackets.
The explanatory words in the text are marked with brackets. Annotate a word in a sentence, including the annotation immediately after the annotation word; Annotate the whole sentence, including the comments after punctuation marks at the end of the sentence.
For example: a) The discovery of Chinese ape-man in China is a great contribution to paleoanthropology.
B) Writing research articles is different from literary creation, and you can't spread out the manuscript paper and "improvise" (in fact, literary creation needs literacy to "improvise").
dash
Dashes are in the form of "-".
Written explanations are indicated by dashes.
For example: a) Step into the Golden Gate, pass through the Guangfeng Hall and the cloakroom, and you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building.
B) For the happiness of the whole people, including ourselves, each of us should be conscientious and work hard.
The topic suddenly changed, marked by dashes.
For example, "It's so hot today! -When are you going to Shanghai? " Zhang Qiang said to Wang who just entered the door.
This sound is prolonged, just like a dash after a sound word.
For example, the "Woo-"train started.
Items are listed separately, and each item is preceded by a dash.
For example, according to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five sub-disciplines:
Environmental acoustics;
-Environmental optics;
-Ambient heat;
-Environmental electromagnetism;
-Ambient aerodynamics;
leave out
The ellipsis is in the form of "…", and six dots occupy the position of two words. If it is an omission of a whole paragraph or a line, it can be represented by twelve points.
Ellipsis of references is indicated by ellipsis.
For example, she gently hummed a lullaby: "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window lattice ..."
Ellipsis is indicated by ellipsis.
For example, in the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellia, orchids … flowers in spring, summer, autumn and winter are crowded together!
Intermittent speeches can be marked by ellipsis.
For example, "I'm ... sorry ... everyone, I ... don't ... finish the task."
Emphasis symbol ()
Bullets are in the form of ".".
Words, phrases and sentences that need readers' special attention are marked with bullets.
For example, business is done, not blown out.
hyphen
The hyphen takes the form of "-"and occupies the position of a word. There are three forms of hyphen, namely "long horizontal"-(the length of two words), "-"(the length of half a word) and "~" (the length of one word).
Two related nouns form a unit of meaning with a hyphen in the middle.
For example:
A) The area north of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in China belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter.
B) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringlock solution, is used in medical and mammalian physiological experiments.
A connecting number between related times, places or numbers, indicating the beginning and the end.
For example: a) Lu Xun (188 1- 1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
B) "Beijing-Guangzhou" through train.
C) Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered a high-yield period this year, with an yield of 1000 kg ~ 1500 kg per mu.
Related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. , the connection number is used to indicate the product model.
For example, in the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine cables that have been built and put into use, there are also TPC-4 submarine cables in operation.
Several related projects represent progressive development with a hyphen in the middle.
For example, human development can be divided into four stages: ape-ape-man-ancient man-new man.
Separation point
The interval symbol is in the form of "".
The boundary between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities is marked with a space.
For example: Da Vinci.
Aisingiorro Nurgazi
The boundary between the title of the book and the title of the article (chapter or volume) is marked with a space symbol.
For example, the encyclopedia of Chinese physics.
Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang
Title logo ("")
The forms of titles are "double titles" and "single titles".
Title of song, book, article, newspaper, publication, etc. , are marked with the title of the book.
A) The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin.
B) Have you read Kong Yiji by Lu Xun?
His article was published in People's Daily.
There is a book "The Language of China" on the desk.
The March of the volunteers was heard on the radio.
When the book title is used inside, the outer layer uses double titles and the inner layer uses single titles; In a few cases, when there are three titles, the innermost title uses double titles.
For example: a) The preface of China Workers was published in1February 7, 940.
B) The graduation thesis "Analysis of the Introduction of Mr. Lu Xun's Scream" was well received.
Note: There is no need for any punctuation between titles.
For example, Home and Spring and Autumn Annals are Ba Jin's torrent trilogy.
Proper noun tag [underline indicates proper noun]
Proper nouns take the form of "_ _".
Proper names such as names of people, places and dynasties are all marked with proper names.
For example, a Sima Xiangru native, from Chengdu, Han and Shu counties, was named Changqing.
Proper names are only used in ancient books or some literary and historical works. In order to match proper names, the titles of such works can use wavy lines "~ ~ ~ ~".
For example, Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was given Li Sao. Zuo Qiu was blind and Mandarin was lost.
The position of punctuation marks
1. period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon generally occupy the position of a word, which is lower to the left and does not appear at the beginning of the line.
2. Quotations, brackets and the first half of the title do not appear at the end of the line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of the line.
3. Both dashes and ellipses occupy the position of two words and cannot be broken in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of a word. These four symbols are centered up and down.
4. Bullets, appropriate titles and wavy titles are all marked at the bottom of the word and can be moved with the word.