After the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in China, it is an indisputable phenomenon that it is difficult for college students to find jobs, and it may become more and more difficult. On the one hand, it is related to the backward economic structure system and education reform in China, and more importantly, it is related to the backward employment concept of college students today. In view of this social phenomenon, the survey covers the departments of 17 in nearby universities, including normal and non-normal undergraduates. * * * 580 questionnaires were distributed, and 547 questionnaires were actually distributed, with a recovery rate of 94.3%. The survey documents are answered in three ways: single choice, indefinite choice and subjective question. These problems involve college students' employment expectation, self-evaluation of employment quality, employment guidance in colleges and universities, factors affecting job selection and employment, etc. The purpose of this paper is to make an empirical study on the problems related to college students' employment expectation and actual employment, and to provide information and countermeasures for employment guidance and talent training in colleges and universities.
The survey results show several problems:
First, most students have a new understanding of "pragmatism" and their employment expectations tend to be realistic, mainly in their work units and fields.
(1) Employment direction: Employment before choosing a job becomes the first choice.
The top three priorities of college students' career orientation are "employment before choosing a job", "choosing a job before choosing a job" and "continuing education", which are 465, 438+0.76%, 28.57% and 27.84% respectively. The survey shows that most students show unique self-confidence and maturity in the face of employment pressure.
In the choice of this question, the phenomenon worthy of special attention is "further study", accounting for 27.84%. More than a quarter of students want to continue their studies, and this trend has lasted for a long time in recent years, and it is getting worse. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the influence of knowledge economy era and the improvement of talent quality requirements; Second, the employment competition is fierce, and superior occupations need excellent high-level talents; Third, psychological factors, some college students in order to alleviate the employment pressure, to avoid immediate employment and other factors. This phenomenon deserves careful analysis and study. What are its advantages and disadvantages? Its advantage lies in relieving the pressure of employment, promoting the improvement of talents' quality, improving the talent structure in China and enhancing the scientific and technological strength and international competitiveness of senior talents in China. What worries us is that it reflects the lack of psychological quality of college students and the lack of social pressure tolerance. Faced with fierce social competition, a considerable number of college students choose to avoid, and their career expectations tend to be "risk-free". This phenomenon can also be seen from students' evaluation of employment prospects, as shown in figure 1. 22.92% students are "not optimistic" about their employment prospects. In addition to objective and realistic factors, it is more psychological factors of students. It can be seen that it is necessary for colleges and universities to strengthen employment guidance and psychological counseling.
(2) Employment orientation: economically developed areas are preferred for employment areas.
The survey results show that 66.54% students choose economically developed areas when choosing employment areas. This explains two problems: first, in addition to considerable work benefits, economically developed areas are more convenient to connect with the international community and can provide employees with more opportunities for further study and improvement, which is closely related to the needs of students for "self-development" and "self-realization". Second, the employment opportunities in economically developed areas are higher than those in other underdeveloped areas, and the diversification of jobs is an important reason for attracting students.
(3) Professional value: practical and willing to work, combined with professional characteristics.
Students in normal universities tend to be "schools or scientific research institutions" and "administrative organs or institutions" when choosing jobs.
Second, the factors affecting students' employment are outstanding.
(1) In terms of professional value standards, most students take "salary and welfare" and "realizing self-worth" as key considerations. The two accounts for 36.62% and 26% respectively.
This is consistent with the factors that students consider when they are actually employed, that is, the salary and the embodiment of personal value and ability are the key considerations. The survey shows that students' employment is not only affected by salary, but also the personal factors in life values are very prominent. However, students pay more attention to personal factors and less attention to social needs when making life choices, and even when pursuing self-realization, it reflects that they mainly emphasize "self" rather than "social" needs. The advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon deserve our study and consideration.
(2) In the process of employment, 44% of students think that "experience and practical ability" are the most important factors. While "education", "graduated school or major" and "applied skills" account for 10.48%, 10.34% and 12.69% respectively. This may be related to the requirements of employers in recruitment.
Third, most students have a clear understanding of the evaluation of employment quality and their own advantages and disadvantages.
(1) The advantages of most students are "theoretical basis" and "normal skills".
(2) More than half of the students think that their "practical ability" and "competition and risk awareness" are at a disadvantage, reaching 33.07% and 30.69% respectively; Among the qualities that students think are most lacking, "innovative ability", "practical ability" and "professional knowledge and skills" are included in the first three choices. The general reason may be that, on the one hand, knowledge is updated quickly, knowledge is deeper and wider, and professional quality is more and more comprehensive; On the other hand, the backward school education and the unreasonable knowledge structure of education generally make college graduates feel stressed, uncomfortable and lack confidence in their knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the psychological quality of students who dare to challenge has not yet formed; In the cultivation of innovation ability, there is more talk than action, and the coverage of cultivation is relatively narrow, mainly due to the lack of cultivation environment. In addition to improving students' professional knowledge, how to improve students' psychological quality of challenge and cultivate students' innovative ability will also become two major topics of employment guidance in colleges and universities.
4. At present, the employment guidance in colleges and universities is out of balance with students' needs.
(1) More than half of the students reported that they were "dissatisfied" with the students' employment guidance.
(2) When students "hope that the school will give guidance and help to college students in employment and success", 48.96% of them choose to "provide more practical opportunities", and "strengthen the cultivation of innovative ability" and "pay attention to social skills guidance" also occupy a certain weight. Starting from the national policy and practical needs, students need to change from the concept of employment to the concept of entrepreneurship. In the survey, students think that "cultivating the spirit of independent entrepreneurship" is the key to change college students' employment concept (accounting for 34.25438+0%); And "strengthening employment guidance in colleges and universities" and "other factors" also account for a large proportion. In view of the current employment guidance work in colleges and universities, it is basically limited to service work such as information release, policy propaganda, skill training and agreement handling. The research holds that the employment navigation system should cover the whole process of university education. At present, the employment guidance centers in most colleges and universities are mainly facing the graduating class, but at this time, most of them have the regret of "hating fewer books when using them". Employment guidance needs to radiate from graduating class to junior students and run through the whole process of university education. Specifically, the employment navigation system should cover the navigation of professional knowledge and skills, such as the guidance of learning methods, the introduction of new ideas and concepts, and helping individuals improve their knowledge structure. Health navigation, through the implementation of pairing service, psychological counseling, exchange and discussion, to solve the psychological problems that may arise in the process of college students' employment and personal growth; Legal navigation, popularize legal knowledge, strengthen the awareness of the rule of law, and guide the awareness of integrity.
Judging from the problems reflected in the survey, there is still room for further study and improvement to further standardize the management of students' employment guidance in our school, especially how to effectively integrate employment guidance into the overall work track of teaching and educating people in our school.