Greater Houston area (including six surrounding counties), with an area of 8778.5438+0 square miles and a population of about 4.22 million (estimated to be1995 at the end of the year); Houston has an urban area of 596. 1 1 square mile and a population of more than 1630000 (US Federal Bureau of Statistics figure 1992). Mainly whites, blacks and Mexicans, among which the population of Mexico has grown rapidly in recent years.
Houston has a subtropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 20.7℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1.224 mm. Summer is hot and humid, and the temperature above 33℃ reaches 94 days. The annual sunshine duration is 188 days, and there are many hurricanes from July to 165438+ 10 every year.
On April 2nd, 1986, Houston and Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China became sister cities. Edit this part of the history of urban development
/kloc-More than 0/50 years ago, the Houston area was the residence of the Kalongkawa Indian tribe. 1836, the Allen brothers, a real estate developer, bought 2,690 hectares of land to develop the city. They named the city after the then presidents of Texas and Sam Houston, hence the name Houston. From 1837 to 184o, Houston is the capital of Texas. 1845, Texas merged into the United States and became a state. At the beginning of this century, oil was discovered in Houston, and capitalists flocked to Houston. Houston's economy developed rapidly around the oil industry. 19 14, the city of Houston dug an 80-kilometer-long shipping passage to connect with the Gulf of Mexico and established the port of Houston. In the 1940s, medicine and medical treatment developed rapidly, and a famous medical center was established in the future. After World War II, petrochemical industry and oil refining industry developed rapidly on both sides of the coastal shipping channel.
In the early 1960s, the Johnson Space Center, the largest space center in the United States, was established in Houston. In 1970s, the world oil price soared, and Houston became the "energy capital of the world" with superior conditions. However, due to the economic recession in the United States in 198O, oil prices fell, and Houston's economy suffered a serious setback, with the unemployment rate as high as 1O%%. Since then, Houston has devoted itself to changing the single oil industry and diversifying its development, which enabled its economy to recover and develop in the 1980s. After entering the 1990s, despite the economic depression in other parts of the United States, Houston's economic growth momentum has not diminished, and it has gradually become one of the high-tech centers in the United States.
From 1994, the GDP of Greater Houston is $65,438+$37,306 million, of which the output value of service industry, manufacturing industry, retail industry, transportation industry and mining industry accounts for more than 75%. The manufacturing industry in Houston ranks seventh in the United States, and the retail industry ranks 1 1. 1997, the whole region provided1760,000 jobs.
Houston is an important commercial center. Among the 5OO largest companies in the United States, 15 is headquartered in Houston (including 5 of the 5OO largest companies in the world). Many other big companies also set their American headquarters in Houston. In addition, according to 1OO published by 1995 Happiness magazine, three of the fastest growing companies are based in Houston. These rankings are based on sales and profit growth in recent years.
1994, the manufacturing output value of Houston reached $2187.5 billion, accounting for 15.9% of the GDP of Greater Houston. The main products include chemicals, gasoline, non-electric machinery, oilfield equipment, food and metal products.
Houston is the center of American petroleum industry and petrochemical industry. It is in a leading position in mining, processing, transportation, market development, service, supply and technology. A pipeline thousands of miles long connects more than 200 chemical plants, oil refineries, salt processing plants and distillation plants along the coast of Texas Bay. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0994, 932,000 tons of plastic primary products were exported through Houston Port. Among the largest energy companies in the United States 1OO, 28 55 Deakembe Mutombo Center 2.18m1kloc-0/8kg43-year-old 1966-6-25 17 has announced his retirement.
Ron Artest's guard/forward 2.0 1 m12kg30 years old1979-1-13 years has announced his joining the Lakers.
2 Luthor-Hyde defender 1.9 1.84kg, 27 years old,1982-1-26 years old, has no foothold here, and there are more than 5,000 companies engaged in energy-related businesses. Houston is also an extremely important international financial and trade center, and nearly 40 of the world's top 50 banks have set up branches or representative offices here. It is very convenient to close the city's land transportation. The 14 railway trunk line radiates outward, and expressways extend in all directions. There are three airports in other cities, and dozens of airlines operate passenger and freight services, making it the largest international airport in the southern United States. The closed Texas Medical Center is one of the largest and most famous medical centers in the United States and even in the world, and it is the most famous in cancer and heart research. Johnson Space Center was built in 1962, covering an area of 1620 acres and employing 17000 people. It is a base for training American astronauts, developing and designing space shuttles and space stations. Houston is also a marine science research center. Of the more than 70 marine research institutions in the United States, half have set up headquarters here, and the other half have offices here. There are 38 institutions of higher learning with more than 230,000 students. The largest university is the University of Houston, and the most famous is Rice University, which is known as Harvard in the South. 1990 was the school where the G-7 Summit was held. Edit this paragraph about scientific research and education.
Houston has a strong, perfect and good education system. Texas Medical Center, Johnson Space Center and universities make Houston a world-famous metropolis. Houston is famous for its biology, medicine, ocean and space research. The Dezhou Medical Center in this city was established in 1943, covering an area of 60O acres and consisting of 4 1 non-profit organizations. It is one of the largest and most famous medical centers in the United States and the world. The center is most famous for cancer and heart research. The annual budget of the medical center is $4 billion, and * * * has 565,438+0,000 employees. As a medical research and teaching institution, it enrolled more than 8000 students in 1994, and 54000 medical professionals completed short-term courses and retraining courses here. More than 65,438+02,000 volunteers participated in the work of the center. Every year, about 420 million patients see a doctor here, of which 15000 are foreigners.
The development of biotechnology in Houston only started in recent years. Now, this technology not only makes Houston ahead of industrial development, but also increases Houston's economic diversity. Biotechnology involves a wide range of fields, including medical treatment, agriculture, chemical industry, environmental protection, consumer goods and so on. There are three keys to developing biotechnology in Houston; Texas Medical Center, research universities and medical schools, as well as fully commercialized developers. Houston's outstanding development in biotechnology attracted 59 biological companies registered in Texas (*** 13 1) to settle here. 1993 and 1994 international conferences on biological sciences were held in Houston.
Houston is also a marine science research center. Half of more than 7O marine research institutions in the United States set up headquarters here, and the other half set up offices here. At least 1, 500 Houston companies are active in this field.
Johnson Space Center was established in 1962 with an investment of over1200 million USD. It is located 25 miles from downtown Houston and covers an area of 1.62 hectares. As the largest research and development institution of NASA, 1994 has a budget of $2.3 billion. From 65438 to 0995, JSC employed nearly 3300 employees, 64% of whom were engaged in scientific or engineering research. Edit this section of culture and leisure.
Houston is one of the cities where local American companies can perform four major arts: drama, ballet, opera and symphony. Houston's colorful entertainment industry has received strong support from the public and professional groups. These groups include: Houston Culture and Arts Council, Arts Foundation and Houston Arts Council. Houston also provides many performance venues for cultural activities, including Wertham Theatre, Jesse (Jones Hall), Alley Theatre and a concert hall that can accommodate 3O36 people.
Geography and population
Houston is the capital of harris county, the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States. The city is located in the upper part of the Mexican plain in southeastern Texas, 80.45 kilometers away from the Gulf of Mexico, with an altitude of 14.93 meters. The total urban area is 1.598 square kilometers and the population is about 1.95 million. In recent years, the Hispanic population in Rest City has grown rapidly. At present, the total number has surpassed that of whites, accounting for 37% of the total population of Rest City. The proportion of whites is 365,438+0%, blacks are 25%, and Asians are about 5%. Harris county has 29 cities, large and small. The Greater Houston area includes eight counties including Harris, Chambers and Galveston, with a total area of 22,733.7 square kilometers and a population of about 4.67 million.
/kloc-More than 0/50 years ago, the rest area was the residence of the Kalongkawa Indian tribe. 1836, the real estate developer Allen brothers bought 26.9 square kilometers of land for urban development and construction. In the same year, General Sam Houston led the Texas army to defeat the Mexicans and won the Battle of San jacinto, which decided the independence of Texas. The Allen brothers named the new city after Houston. From 1837 to 1840, Houston is the capital of Texas.
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According to the census in 2000, the population of Houston was 1.95 million 363 1, with 7 17945 households and 457330 households. The population density is 130 1.8 people per square kilometer. The average residential density is 52 1. 1 set per square kilometer, with 782,009 sets. The racial distribution is white 49.27%, black 25.3 1%, Indian 0.44%, Asian 5.3 1%, Pacific island 0.06%, other 16.46% and other 3. 15%.
Of the 765,438+7,945 households, 33. 1% live with children under 65,438+08, 43.2% live with couples, 65,438+05.3% are female heads of households without male spouses, and the rest live alone. The average family size is 2.67, and the average family size is 3.39.
Among the population of this city, 18 is below 27.5%, 1 1.2% is between 08 and 24 years old, 25 to 44 years old is 33.8%, 45 to 64 years old is 63.8%, and over 65 years old is 8.4%. The average age was 3 1 year. The male-female ratio is 99.7 males per 100 females. In the population over 18 years old, the ratio of women to men is 97.8 100.
The average household income is 366 16 USD, and the average household income is 40,443 USD. The average income of men is $32,084, while that of women is $273,765,438 +0. The per capita income of this city is $20,065,438+0,065,438+0. 19.2% of the population and 16.0% of the families live below the poverty line. 26. 1% of the population under 65 and 65.438+04.3% of the population over 65 live below the poverty line.