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Why did Guo Songling "defect"?
Guo Songling, a native of Chen Mao, Han nationality, 1883, is from Yuqiao Village, Shenjingzi Town, Dongling District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. His ancestor was Guo Ziyi, the famous king of Fenyang in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the famous patriotic generals in the Republic of China.

1905, Guo Songling was admitted to the army primary school and graduated with the first place. Recommended by Yuan, the general manager, he entered the Second Town of Beiyang Army as a trainee for half a year, and later served as a sentry of Fengtian Defence Army. After the Revolution of 1911, he was admitted to the Research Institute of Beijing General School. The following year, he was transferred to the Staff Office by Governor Zhang Xiluan of Fengtian, and then entered Beijing Army University to study. 19 16 After graduation, I officially became a lecturer in Beijing Jiangwu Hall.

19 17, Guo Songling went south to Guangzhou with Dr. Sun Yat-sen to participate in the revolution, and was hired as the instructor of Shaoguan Jiangwu Hall, and soon returned to Fengtian as the instructor of Jiangwu Hall. Influenced by Sun Yat-sen, Guo Songling sprouted the idea that "if you want to transform the three northeastern provinces, you must first overthrow the warlords", but at present, the influence is insufficient, so you can only rely on the warlords to find favorable opportunities.

SongLing Guo

19 19 In March, Zhang Xueliang entered the artillery department of Fengtian Jiangwutang to study. He found that his tutor Guo Songling had a special charm. He has strong patriotism and high military accomplishment, and they share the same political views. Therefore, they soon became inseparable friends.

Zhang Xueliang is the son of Zhang, the leader of Fengtian. Although he studied military knowledge in Wujiangtang, he mainly used it as a springboard for promotion. The following year, after graduation, Zhang Xueliang was promoted to the captain of the Guard Brigade of the Mukden Inspection Office, and Guo Songling was appointed as the chief of staff and head of the second regiment.

In June of the same year, Zhang Xueliang was promoted to the 3rd HunChengLv of the Northeast Army Brigadier General, and Guo Songling was appointed as the 8th HunChengLv of the Brigadier General. Although they are two different armies, the 3rd Brigade and the 8th Brigade are co-located, so in the eyes of many people, this is actually a brigade, and of course it is also an elite force in Feng Jun.

Guo Songling-stills

1In July, 920, when the war between Anhui and Guo Songling broke out, he led the vanguard troops to a small station in Tianjin, and successfully repelled the attacks of two brigades of the Anhui Army with the strength of a regiment, which made him famous in the army.

1922 April, the first direct service war broke out. However, due to the defection of Feng Junjun's 1st 1 6th Division, Feng Junjun's 1st1Division temporarily withdrew from Fengtai, which led to the collapse of Feng Junjun's entire western front and led to his fiasco in the first direct battle! After Feng Jun's defeat, all the soldiers and horses retreated in panic. Only the troops under Guo Songling's command retreated in an orderly manner, and stayed in Shanhaiguan for several days, which won valuable evacuation time for Feng Jun.

1924, Zhang made a comeback and launched the second direct service war. Guo Songling served as the deputy commander of the Third Army, leading the main force to attack Shanhaiguan. In the key battles of Shimenzhai and Heishan Kiln, Guo Songling took the lead and commanded well, and defeated the main force of the straight army in one fell swoop, seizing more than 40,000 rifles, more than 2,000 machine guns and more than 200 cannons. Later, after Guo Songling entered Qinhuangdao, he incorporated four brigades of the direct army, which made great contributions to Feng Jun's final victory.

Guo Songling and Zhang Xueliang-Stills

I thought that after this war, I would get Zhang's reuse and be entrusted with an important task, but it seems that Guo Songling is a little over-thinking, and all this is not as beautiful as he imagined!

After the victory of the second direct service war, Zhang benefited a lot, and the service system extended to the Yangtze River basin. Li became the governor of Zhili and Zhang Zongchang became the governor of Shantung. Guo Songling, who made great contributions in this war, thought he could be an Anhui overseer, but he got nothing. Of course, Zhang originally considered handing over Anhui supervision to Guo Songling and Jiangsu supervision to him, but because he volunteered to be Jiangsu supervision, Zhang had to arrange it in Anhui and Jiangsu.

Zhang's move made Guo Songling extremely dissatisfied, so he went to ask Zhang, but Zhang said perfunctory: "You are still under my command and contribute to training!"

In the face of unfair rewards and punishments in Zhang's personnel arrangement, Guo Songling was deeply dissatisfied. After returning to the barracks, he said to his officers, "That's ridiculous. The strategist who shook the feather fan ran to the front line to block his head. I have no idea what this arrangement is. "

They can hear it, Guo Songling. It's against Yang Yuting. Then we can't help but ask, since Guo Songling was the great hero of the second direct service war, why did Zhang treat him like this? This actually involves the distribution of "factions" in the army at that time!

Yang Yuting-Steels

At that time, Feng Jun was divided into old and new schools. The leader of the new school is Zhang, the leader of the old school is Zhang's sworn brother. In the new school, it is divided into "sergeant school" and "university school". The former refers to the generals who graduated from the Japanese Army NCO School, also known as "foreign schools"; The latter refers to the generals who graduated from local military schools such as the Chinese Army University, so they are also called "Tupai".

Among them, Yang Yuting is the backbone of "NCO School" and Guo Songling is the leader of "University School".

After the failure of the first direct service war, the new faction gradually gained power, but in order to seize power, all factions, large and small, had deep grievances. Guo Songling often said, "Yang Yuting screwed up everything in the Northeast with so many international students." . But for Zhang, he has always believed in the unification of force, which is his real right-hand man. Of course, because the members of the new faction also want to occupy a piece of territory in the customs, they also strongly advocate that Zhang lead the army into the customs and compete for the Central Plains.

Guo Songling, on the other hand, resolutely opposed Zhang's army's entry into the Shanhaiguan Pass, because in his view, it was ostensibly seeking reunification, but in fact it was only to satisfy the ambition of warlords to expand their rule, which was a waste of people and money and should be resolutely put an end to it. Therefore, Guo Songling has repeatedly persuaded Zhang: "A place as big as our northeast is rich in economy and has a population of more than 30 million, which is enough for us to do."

But these statements are simply nonsense to militarists such as Zhang, so even though Guo Songling tried to persuade him many times, he knew what was at stake, and they were not adopted in the end. The victory of the second direct service war strengthened Zhang's idea of reunification by force.

Zhang stills

1925 10 Guo Songling was ordered to visit the "autumn exercise" in Japan as a representative of Feng Jun, which was an exercise conducted by the Japanese army. At that time, Zhang sent people to Japan for help, and it was rumored that he had sent representatives to sign a secret agreement with Japan in exchange for a large number of arms supplied by Japan to attack Feng Yuxiang's national army.

Guo Songling was very angry when he heard this, so he quickly sent a telegram to let the national army go to Japan to watch the autumn exercise, and said to Han: "Zhang did not hesitate to betray the country for his personal interests ... I am a soldier, I am not a private servant. I can't obey my life without conscience If he hits the national army, then I will hit him. "

After the news of Feng Jun's fiasco in the south of the Yangtze River came, Guo Songling thought it was time to use force against Feng Jun, so he hurried back to China and organized troops to start a war against Feng Jun. In order to avoid worries, Guo Songling also formed an "anti-bong triangle alliance" with Feng Yuxiang and Li. 1October 22nd, 1925, 165438, Luanzhou declared an uprising, and the war against Feng officially started! It is worth mentioning that Zhang Xueliang never understood why he betrayed Guo Songling, a fellow teacher and friend! Because in his view: "Chen Mao is not that kind of person!" "