1. Didn't Korea use Chinese before? It was used in Chinese because Korea became a vassal country of China at that time. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Korea became a vassal state of Ming Dynasty. From the day they became vassal countries, they will learn China culture, including Confucius and Mencius, Buddhism and Taoism, Tang poetry and Song poetry, and naturally they will also learn China characters. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), North Korea began to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty and became a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty. The monarch of North Korea cannot be called the "emperor", and Lea Coco, the monarch of the Li Dynasty, was posthumously named korean king; Ten years to Chongzhen (1637). After the Bingzi Rebellion, Korea became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty. Shi once lived in Shenyang for a long time. This affiliation did not end until 1894+65438. In such a long time, China's words have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Until now, many old people can recognize Chinese characters and recite The Analects. Chinese characters can also be seen in many places in Korea. Historically, Korean civilization became a vassal state of the Chinese nation before it developed to the writing stage. Before that, there was no such thing as classical Chinese and Tang poetry. Not only words, but also traditional Korean costumes evolved from Ming Dynasty costumes. If you have seen some Korean historical dramas, you will find that their court costumes are almost exactly the same as those of the Ming Dynasty. That's because it became a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty, and the hierarchy of court clothes should be completely based on the hierarchy of court clothes of Ming Dynasty officials. And the emperor's clothing is not allowed to use bright yellow, because it is the monarch of the dependent country. Clothing belts, sacrificial crowns, black hats and boots were completely imitated from the Ming Dynasty. Even the hanbok worn by Korean women now has streamers in the front, which is also the evolution of Xiapi on women's clothing in Ming Dynasty. However, there are two changes in Hanbok: 1 Because the winter in North Korea is very cold, they often walk on thick snow, so they are allowed to cut their robes short on the original basis to avoid getting wet. 2。 Because of North Korean customs, everyone sits in court. So the jade belt that was originally tied around the waist was tied under the chest instead, so that it would not be held when sitting.

Please accept it, thank you!

2. What were the characters used in ancient Korea? Koreans and Koreans have used China Chinese characters for more than 1000 years, and they are definitely descendants of Chinese culture. But why did they abolish China Chinese characters later? First of all, because the language of North Korea belongs to Altai language family, which is different from the Sino-Tibetan language family in China, the ancient culture of North Korea is backward and it has never invented its own characters, so it can only use China Chinese characters. However, Chinese characters still cannot fully express the pronunciation of Korean and the thoughts and feelings of the Korean people. Ordinary Korean civilians don't understand Chinese characters at all. Only North Korean nobles and officials can use Chinese characters, which is called "official reading". Ordinary Korean civilians can only communicate orally, and their life knowledge, accumulated agricultural farming experience and farming methods cannot be passed down for a long time.

By the time of King Sejong of Korea in 1446, that is, during the Ming Dynasty in China, Korea, as a vassal state of China, had made certain progress in politics, economy, culture, science and technology, and military affairs, so the Korean people had a strong desire to have their own national character. Sejong is very sympathetic to the people's situation. Sejong, as a korean king who wants to develop national culture and promote national independence, began to think hard and dream of creating a unique one.

When Sejong invented Korean characters, he was inspired by music and northern nomadic pinyin characters, and learned that a simple music notation (1234567) can record all the music in the world, so relatively simple pinyin characters should also be able to record all the Korean sounds, thus spelling out Korean characters. Therefore, Sejong organized many outstanding scholars in the "Jixian Hall" in North Korea at that time, including himself, and specially sent a well-known North Korean scholar to China for more than a dozen times to study and learn the essence of Chinese characters. After 30 years, he finally invented and created Korean characters in 1446, so North Korea finally had its own national characters after using China Chinese characters for nearly a thousand years.

King Sejong (14 18- 1450), who is proficient in Confucianism, strongly advocates philosophical concepts other than Confucian values, is well-read and politically astute, and can deal with two types of Korean scholars (two types: Korean scholars who are both' nobles' and' officials' and enjoy high politics. During his reign, he showed positive thoughts in national management, phonetics, nationality, economics, science, music, medicine and humanities research. He established Jixian Hall to promote the study of tradition, politics and economy. One of his most famous achievements is the creation of the Korean alphabet.

It is in this context that "training people in Andrew" came into being. King Sejong wrote in the preface of the announcement: "China characters are based on the history of China, so they can't clearly express the unique context of North and South Korea, and can't fully express the thoughts and feelings of ordinary people. Considering the actual situation of China people, I created these 28 letters (note: after the evolution and merger of letters, modern Korean society only uses 24 letters, two less than 26 English letters, which is recognized by European and American scholars as simplified pinyin). These letters are easy to learn and hope to improve the quality of life of every Korean national. " From this preface, we can see King Sejong's persistence and dedication to South Korea's cultural independence and people's prosperity. These 24 Chinese phonetic alphabets are as follows:

Consonants:

(g，k)、(n)、(d，t)、(rorl)、(m)、(b，p)、(s)、(ng)、(j)、(ch)、(k)、(t)、(p)、(h)

Vowel:

(a)、(ya)、(eo)、(yeo)、(o)、(yo)、(u)、(yu)、(eu)、(I)

3. What is the status of Chinese characters in Korea? Korea has a long history of studying Chinese characters. As early as the Han Dynasty, they began to accept and learn Sinology.

However, from the middle of19th century to the middle of 20th century, the development of Sinology stagnated due to the change of international political environment. 1948, South Korea promulgated the Korean Special Law (Law No.6), which prohibited the public use of Chinese characters, and the learning of Chinese characters was also affected.

After China's reform and opening-up, the number of Korean scholars engaged in linguistic research in China has gradually increased, and their interest in research has also gradually increased. By 1980, all the universities have opened Chinese language and Chinese language disciplines, and taught courses such as China linguistics and China literature.

Especially after 1992 China established diplomatic relations with South China, the linguistic research and Chinese teaching in South China received further attention, and Chinese characters attracted more and more attention from linguists and all walks of life. Then, it makes a statistical analysis of doctoral dissertations on Chinese and Chinese characters in Korea in recent 20 years (1980 to 2000), and introduces the research status of Chinese and Chinese characters in Korea.

1. Studies on Chinese and Chinese Characters in Korea 1. 1 We * * collected 396 doctoral dissertations on Chinese and Chinese Characters (1980-2000) from the degree catalogue index of the Korean National Assembly Library. Among them, there were * * 1 15 papers in 1980s (80-89), accounting for 29% of the total number of papers, and * * 28 1 papers in 1990s (1990-2000), accounting for 765438 of the total number of papers.

It can be seen that after 90 years, the research on Chinese characters in Korea has increased significantly. Among the 396 papers, there are 353 master's dissertations, accounting for 89. 1% of the total, and 43 doctoral dissertations, accounting for 10.9% of the total. The number of master's dissertations is more than that of doctoral dissertations.

However, the growth rate of doctoral dissertations is higher than that of master dissertations. Master's degree thesis, 80' s 105, 90' s 248, increased to 2.4 times; The number of doctoral dissertations 10 in 1980s and 33 in 1990s increased to 3.3 times.

See the chart below for the above data: the total number of master's and doctoral dissertations in 1980s% (80-89)1051kloc-0/529% in 1990s (90-2000) 248 33 281. 89.1%10.9%100%1.2 We divide the papers into six categories: phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, writing, computer application and others. Phonetics includes phonology and phonetics, computer applications include computer coding, recognition and application, and comprehensive research belongs to other categories.

The list is as follows: phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-phonograph-vocabulary computer in 1980s+0837127. 26% 24% 20.7% 12.9% 5.6% As can be seen from the above chart, no matter what kind of fields, the research in the 1990s has been qualitatively improved compared with the research in the 1980s. On the whole, grammar is the most studied, *** 103, accounting for 26% of the total, followed by vocabulary research 95, accounting for 24%, followed by word research 82, accounting for 20.7%, computer application research 5 1, accounting for 12.9%, and phonetics research 43.

Among them, the largest increase is in vocabulary research (4.3 times), followed by computer application research (3.3 times) and grammar research (3 times). Second, Chinese learning in South Korea There are many universities in South Korea that specialize in China's linguistics and literature.

According to statistics, there are 5 1 universities with Chinese as their subject names. Among them, 8 universities including Seoul National University and Sungkyunkwan University offer doctoral programs.

The doctoral program in the university is divided into two majors: China Linguistics and China Literature. Most students are willing to study China literature, but now the number of students studying China linguistics is increasing year by year. The data listed above are the overall statistical results of Chinese and Chinese character learning.

What needs to be explained here is that Korean sinology and Chinese character studies should be distinguished. Chinese study is the research scope of Chinese subject, and Chinese characters, as a part of Korean, basically belong to the research scope of Korean Chinese subject.

There are 8 papers studying Chinese characters from the perspective of Chinese, and only 1 has appeared since 1990. The following is a separate introduction to the study of Korean Chinese characters. Here, the study of Korean Chinese characters is introduced first.

Among 396 doctoral dissertations, Chinese research papers 164, accounting for 49.5% of the total. These papers are classified by year and content as follows: 2 Phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, writing, computer, and others in the 1980s, totaling 20 682413120 92 26 8 3 15 164. From the above data, we can see Chinese studies and Chinese characters.

There are far more researches in the 1990s than in the 1980s, and there are also many researches on grammar and vocabulary. In 13 1 Chinese research papers, there are11master's degree papers and 20 doctoral degree papers. There are 12 articles in ancient Chinese and 1 19 articles in modern Chinese.

The study of modern Chinese is obviously more than that of ancient Chinese. In addition, there are 1 1 papers on the comparison between Chinese and Korean languages.

The contents of Korean Chinese studies are quite extensive, and the research methods are basically traditional linguistics, and some papers adopt generative linguistics. In the aspect of Chinese pronunciation, it mainly studies the initial consonant, vowel and tone system of Chinese, historical changes and the corresponding relationship with Korean.

Among them, the phonological study of ancient middle tones accounts for a certain proportion. In terms of vocabulary, there are lexical system research, word formation research, synonym research, neologism research, idiom research, vocabulary comparison between China and South Korea, as well as color words and computer words.

Compared with other studies, grammar research papers are numerous and rich in content, from the study of sentence components to the study of parts of speech, as well as the study of various sentence patterns. And the research is more and more in-depth, from the overall research to the study of individual adverbs and auxiliary words.

There are also comparative studies of Chinese and Korean methods, but not many. At present, there is little research on writing and computer application.

In addition, there are many papers on Chinese teaching and teaching materials research, especially 7 papers on Chinese teaching and teaching materials in senior high schools. It is understood that some high schools in South Korea offer a second foreign language, and there are five second foreign languages: Chinese, Japanese, German, French and Spanish.

According to the statistics of Korean Ministry of Education 1992, there are 100 high schools that choose Chinese as a second foreign language. This change will make Chinese more popular in Korea.