Mourn for Feng Zhi

The car went straight to Babaoshan. I sat in the car and said to myself, "Pei Jun! This is the last time I see you! " ——1on the afternoon of March 2, 993. This is the farewell ceremony after Feng Zhi's death.

The car seems to have slowed down, turned a corner and stopped. In front of this is Babaoshan. See people have arrived a lot. I signed the guest book, took a white flower and put it on my left chest, and walked slowly into the auditorium with the long queue. The hall was covered with garlands. The body lay on a low bed, covered with a bright national flag. His face is almost as rosy as when he was born, his hair is quite long, and his head leans slightly to the right, still as serene and kind as before. I bowed three times with the crowd, walked forward, turned left and saw my relatives standing by. I crossed my hands according to foreign customs and walked out of the auditorium calmly without shaking hands. So he took the white flowers from his lapel and put them in a big basket. When I met several acquaintances, I just nodded and didn't speak. Holding back my tears, I was speechless. A friend asked me to read a bunch of manuscripts, so he took them and put them in his bag, but there was nothing to say.

This seems to be an ancient custom. Where there is mourning, the host doesn't cry, and neither do the guests. It is human nature to cry for friends; But the ancient ceremony is "the tomb of friends, don't cry when there is grass." That is, after more than a year, grass appeared on the grave in Chen Gen, so we should stop mourning. Feng Zhi is my old friend. Our friendship began in 193 1 year, and it has been more than 60 years. The last issue started from 1979. I have been in Beijing, so I often meet each other. After the death of this old friend, I held back my tears many times and silently wished him eternal peace! Rest in peace! Rest in peace!

Time flies, "Xiaoxiang" has passed. A friend repeatedly urged me to write some words in memory of him. But many times, I concentrate a little, raise my pen, think about it, feel dejected, and put the pen down again. In fact, he knows a lot about the old society and new environment in China, and he is several years older than me. Living abroad for many years, I feel quite alienated from modern society. Ask him many things. I asked him to read the first draft of an article that is very relevant to the times. He took the trouble to examine my text carefully and pointed out the necessary changes. In recent years, I have some doubts, thinking that it is appropriate to discuss with him; But he passed away.

During this period, I read two new books: One is the Biography of Feng Zhi by Zhou Mian (published by Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House, 1993). The second is "Feng Zhi and me", namely his wife Yao Ke.

With these two books, Feng Zhi's academic and career achievements are clear to the general readers, so there is no need for friends to waste more time. Although, there are still some things and their causes and effects, which are also related. As far as I know, I don't think it will hinder the publication, or it will help to have a clearer understanding of the poet and his creation in the future.

Here, when we think of the May 4th Movement, when the poet was fifteen or sixteen years old, his new style poetry writing began at this time and developed with the New Culture Movement. He 19 years old (1923) entered the German Department of Peking University. At that time, New Youth and New Education swept the country, and Lu Xun's novels flourished at this time. If you want to learn something new, you should learn a foreign language, usually only English and French. Japanese was before this period, and German was after this period. Any opportunity for further study is to go to a country where the language is studied. Times have changed. French learners go to France to study. The "work-study program" movement was once popular in the north and south of the country, but most of it ended in failure. English learners, eager to get a loan from Tsinghua to stay in the United States, have succeeded. Japanese learners start early, pay more at their own expense, and are separated by a river, making contact convenient. It is said that there were 1300 people before the Revolution of 1911. -poets make choices in the north, the source of new trends of various factions. At that time, the atmosphere was slightly biased towards northern Europe, and Lu Xun brothers had devoted themselves to promoting northern European literature. Poets are naturally influenced. At that time, there was no official fee for studying in Germany, or there was no such prospect. He chose German alone in order to follow in the footsteps of his uncle Mr. Feng. Feng studied in Germany in his early years and later became a famous professor at Nankai University. Just as Fu Jiang Gui went to Germany to study library science, it was under the guidance of his uncle Mr. Jiang Baili, and Jiang Baili was a military scientist who studied in Germany in his early years.

Let's go back a little bit here: as we all know, the Nordic literature advocated by the Zhou brothers was indirectly taken from Japan. During the first European War, the Beiyang government also raised the issue of "declaring war on Germany". Lu Xun mocked the "victory of justice" archway. Generally speaking, Germany lost in the first European War, and there are still people in China who have never forgotten their skills in science, technology, industry, medical care and military affairs, and know that there is no "justice" in their war. This was not the case in the Second European War. Intellectuals were not sympathetic to the actions of the German Nazi Party, with the exception of Luo Jialun. He quickly translated Mein Kampf in the compilation room and set up a "blue club" in * * to simulate the actions of the fascist monkeys. At this time, he was reprimanded by Lu Xun. However, Germanic science, technology, engineering, medicine, etc. Those who have the advantage of Li Zhuo in the world have enjoyed a high reputation in China from the beginning, and it is difficult to replace them for a while. People studying in Germany are also within these academic ranges from the beginning. There are not many people.

There are so few figures in the fields of mathematics, medicine, science and technology. There are subjective conditions for them to return to China after their studies, that is, they are all professionals. Never have so many people studying in other countries been professionals, but there are still many generalists. Then, those who studied military returned to China to join the army; Those who study medicine are admitted to the hospital or practice medicine separately; Those who study science enter the laboratory; Those who study engineering technology will enter the factory; And so on, each has its own scope of activities. Less known to ordinary people, people who can't learn social science take society as their workshop and use books, pens, ink and paper as tools, so their research is easier to spread to ordinary people; Especially those who enter the field of education can create many young people, so sound and light are more brilliant. For example, Lu Xun abandoned medicine and went to literature, which is exactly what he saw.

Invisible, it should become a school to study in Germany, admittedly, but if it is scattered and unorganized, it can't become a school, because it has a small number of people and a small range of activities, and it goes its own way. It is said that there is a "German Reunion", but I don't know what it is. Or because the number of students was too small, it was later expanded to "Deori Alumni Association", with few people and no idea what jobs they had. During the Anti-Japanese War, it was merged into the "European and American Alumni Association" and hung a signboard in Kunming. I didn't hear anything. I haven't heard of any meetings or announcements.

Although there is no unification and organization, there is no denying that a group of people have indeed gone to Germany for higher education and further study, scattered in all walks of life. There is no school, but there are always some styles of dealing with people, whether right or wrong, tangible or intangible, which are influenced by German culture and education, originally from China's inherent education. Similar to each other, vaguely become first-class. There is no need to distinguish between clean flow and turbid flow here. In short, he is a first-class figure in society, or can be called the backbone. Its style has always been simple, not Shang Hua; Straight, not smart; Be loyal and don't cheat; Knowing physics is also close to human feelings. The reason is that the virtue traditions of China and Germany share the same symbol in different places. In terms of texture, it is as rich as rough jade, and it is not used to show off its brilliance. Its disadvantage is that it inevitably becomes mediocre or vulgar, but vulgarity does not hurt it. Of course, life is uneven, and there are also a few unscrupulous elements. In the education field, they made a lot of achievements under the banner of "Teacher Cai" (the people), and later they became big officials. Although his official career is prosperous, he is often criticized as a "learning valve" in the south. It can be regarded as a "stranger" and a strategist in ancient times. But there are no traitors or "chaebol" among them, so we might as well forgive them a little. Even though this first-class elite is still an ancient Confucian, it is still close to "Yimin" and has never been an official. As a scholar, I am not completely ignorant. It seems that everyone can keep their expertise, pursue advanced studies and return to Lotte know life. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, scholars such as Zong Baihua, Chen Yinque, Feng, Zhang Guiyong, Zhao Boang, etc. In addition, there are short-term "school of learning from the scriptures" in Germany, such as Cheng, Zhu Ziqing, He Lin, Li Shicen and so on.

In this century, Feng Zhi is one of the elite who can not only maintain the traditional virtues of his country, but also absorb German culture and education, and has solid knowledge and great achievements. Here, as a Confucian, he has another meaning, because his words and deeds have absolutely no influence from Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity or Taoism. It has always been the traditional spirit of Confucianism to teach people tirelessly until the door wall is full of peaches and plums. Whether or not he knows that his moral character is very noble, his popularity has also increased. Everyone who comes into contact with them feels that their education is profound, pure, gentle and sincere. These demeanor can be seen in other literati, but Feng Zhi is not only a literati, but also a poet. I heard that his new poetry creation, with a halo swirling in the middle, is very popular with people. His poems are good because of his true nature. A poet is a natural person. He greets his friends with his true nature. There has never been anything mechanical.

Throughout his life, his literary creation is very rich. Its "main translation catalogue" can't be found in Zhou Mian's biography, but it is recorded in Feng Zhi's Academic Compendium, which is included in China Contemporary Social Science Masters' Selected Academic Compendium edited by Bao Ji (published by Beijing Normal University Press, 1988). He gave me a copy of this book in Zeng Zeng. I don't know why he said he was quite dissatisfied with the book. Still modest. Earlier, there was Selected Works of Feng Zhi, which was divided into two volumes. The first volume includes poems, fantasy plays and historical stories. The second volume includes essays, essays and literary essays, all of which are five series. (Published by Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House 1985)-Both can be enjoyed by readers. Personally, I especially appreciate most of his short stories and novellas. Narrative lyric, bright and elegant, calm and elegant, close to the ancient essayist Ouyang Xiu. Reading is hairy, often sad and hidden. Half a year before his death, he also wrote several memoirs and published them in Reading Weekly of Shanghai Wen Wei Po. These or other essays that are not included in the above two kinds hope to be published in the form of collections in the future. -There is also a list of Feng Zhi's life works, which was found in the German-Chinese translation signed by Feng Zhi. This was given to/kloc-0 in 1983 when he was decorated at the German Embassy in Beijing. It doesn't seem very popular in China. I don't know why he is not satisfied with the translation of this book. He told me this himself. I also checked its translation, and I think there is not much difference, but it can still be regarded as a correct translation. Strictly speaking, no poem can be conveyed in another language or style, and its dissatisfaction is not surprising. Of course, the plaintiff of the original work is not a westerner, but his works show a broad world view, and the plaintiff is the public or all mankind. He has always been obviously aware of this, because ordinary knowledge belongs to the west, and the prejudice of eastern and western painting has never been strictly preserved.

In other words, this is still the spirit of Confucianism, which always means "universality". This is incomparable to those old poets who carve chapters and make sentences. Unfortunately, he wrote less old-style poems, but he studied them deeply. Less writing, less familiarity with natural machines, many feelings can not be expressed, and I feel the bondage of rhyme and rhythm; Compared with Shen, a contemporary old-style poet, his famous poems have been circulated among young people for a long time. Still in Shen's works, the world outlook is less expressed.

Feng Zhi's in-depth study of old poems can be found in his Biography of Du Fu. Biography of Du Fu is a rare book in modern times. It seems that it took at least three years, and the materials were extensive, but it was concise and quoted, and completely absorbed the essence of Du Fu's poetry and its social background. This style is based on western Confucianism, such as that written by Goethe's teacher Gondolph. However, Zhu Feng's original intention was to reveal the true face of the society in the Tang Dynasty, as Du Fu wrote, that is, why should we reflect the sacrifice pain of the people under the rule of * * *. -Just like Mr. Chen wrote Notes on Monks in the Early Qing Dynasty, I feel that people in the * * * are fighting; It's the same motive-its processing materials are scientific. There is nothing to take for granted. For example, Guo Moruo wrote that Du Fu died of carrion beef poisoning, which later proved to be a conjecture. It can be said that the book Li Bai and Du Fu written by Guo has a different theme and a completely different nature.