The system of Japanese universities can be roughly divided into three categories: national universities, which are equivalent to institutions directly under the Ministry of Education of China, that is, universities managed by direct state investment, such as Tokyo University and Kyoto University; Public universities are equivalent to local universities in China, that is, universities funded and managed by local governments, such as public universities in osaka city university, yokohama city university and Aomori. Private universities, such as Waseda University and Keio University, are mainly funded and managed by individuals or consortia.
A few years ago, the Japanese Association of Public Universities set up a "Special Professional Committee for Legal Persons" to investigate and discuss the personnel system of public universities in China, and published a research report on "New Ideal Personnel System of Public Universities" in March 2004. At the same time, Akita International Correctional University (public) took the lead in reforming the personnel system in the form of local independent administrative legal person. At the beginning of 2005, six public universities, including Tokyo Metropolitan University and osaka prefecture university, also started personnel system reform.
The key to this personnel system reform is that public colleges and universities have changed from traditional unincorporated persons to legal persons, and the teaching staff have changed from civil servants to non-civil servants. That is, after the personnel system reform, the teaching staff in colleges and universities no longer belong to the local civil servants series, and their rights and obligations are no longer protected and supervised by the Civil Servant Law and the Special Law on Civil Servant Education, but fully adapt to the national labor standards law. This reform indicates that public universities will undergo profound changes in personnel recruitment, dismissal, treatment and welfare.