1, mechanics
Mechanics is a branch of physics, which studies the motion and interaction of objects under the action of force. It covers the concepts of force, mass, velocity and acceleration, and establishes classical mechanics based on Newton's three laws. Mechanics includes statics, kinematics and dynamics.
Statics studies the static or stable state of an object in a state of force balance; Kinematics focuses on the relationship between the position, velocity and acceleration of an object; Dynamics, on the other hand, investigates the influence of force on the motion state of objects. Mechanics is widely used in engineering, astronomy, aerospace and other fields, which provides a basic theory for understanding natural phenomena.
2. Heat
Thermology is a branch of physics, which studies the thermodynamic properties and heat conduction of matter. It involves energy conversion, heat balance and heat flow. The basic concepts of heat include temperature, heat and heat capacity.
These concepts can describe the process of energy change and transfer in matter. Thermology is widely used in engineering, weather forecasting, energy utilization and material science, which is helpful to understand and control the behavior of thermodynamic systems.
3. electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a subject that studies the interaction between electric charge and electromagnetic field. It includes electrostatics, current, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic waves.
4. optics
Optics is a subject that studies the propagation, reflection, refraction and interference of light. It involves the characteristics of light, imaging and knowledge of optical instruments.
5. Atomic physics
Atomic physics studies atomic structures and nuclear reactions. It includes atomic model, quantum mechanics and nuclear physics.
6. Relativity theory
Relativity is a physical theory that describes high-speed moving objects. It includes special relativity and general relativity, involving concepts such as space-time, mass and energy.
7. Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of microscopic particles. Include wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle and quantum mechanical operator.
8. Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics studies the structure and reaction of atomic nuclei. It involves radioactive decay, nuclear energy utilization, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.