The life philosophy of "benevolence" is a subject repeatedly discussed by Confucius and his disciples. Confucius will tell the true meaning of "benevolence" at different times for different disciples. Generally speaking, Confucius' "benevolence" is what Ceng Zi called "loyalty and forgiveness". Confucius also said: "fortitude, stupidity and benevolence." ","rhetoric makes color, fresh benevolence. It tells us that "benevolence" is sincere and practical, and it is forbidden to exaggerate and violate the right path. Zi Gong once asked Confucius, "What if you can give alms to the people and help others?" Kind? Confucius said, "Anyone who is kind will be holy! Yao Shun is still sick! Benevolent people want to be a man, but they want to be a man. It can be said that the benevolent side has also been obtained. Confucius told Zigong not to aim too high, but to start from himself and then push others. That is, "I am good" and "hello", and then extended to "hello everyone"! Zhuan Sun's ambition was too great, and Confucius thought that his personality might be a little extreme, so Confucius told Zhuan Sun that there are five ways to be kind: "public, tolerant, trustworthy, sensitive and generous. Courtesy is not humiliating, forgiveness is popular, trust is considerate, sensitivity is active, and benefit is enough to make people. Confucius told Zhuan Sun to be strict with himself and lenient with others. Be strict with your self-cultivation, respect and tolerate others, and be kind to others. This is a kind way. Yan Yuan is a model student among Confucius' disciples, and Confucius once praised him for being "heartless in March". Confucius only hoped that he could further restrain himself with "courtesy"! Ran yong has excellent moral character and political talent, and was once a butcher named Ji. When he asked Ren, Confucius said, "When you go out, you will see a distinguished guest and make the people like a big sacrifice. Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. Confucius' answer is more political. Confucius told ran yong that the way to be good is to treat people with courtesy and make them love. In this way, the public will have no dislike for you, that is, kindness. Sima Niu is talkative and impetuous. When he asked Confucius what benevolence was, Confucius told him that "a benevolent man keeps his word", revealing the importance of prudence. Zi Gong asked about benevolence, and Confucius told him the importance of "helping benevolence with friends" by metaphor: "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools. Living in a country, he is also a saint who works for his doctor and a benevolent friend of his scholars. Confucius also earnestly warned us: "Be kind and don't give in to the teacher." , "there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death. Finally, the author ends with a passage from Confucius in the Analects of Confucius: "Is it evil for a gentleman to become famous by removing benevolence?" If a gentleman has no leisure to eat, he will violate his benevolence, expecting things to happen again, and displacement will happen. [Editor] The social order ceremony of "Li" is "temperance". There is a saying in Preface to Sima Qian Taishi Gong: "Rites are used to save people, while music is used to make peace. Let's look at Confucius' explanation of etiquette-The Analects of Confucius-Taber: "Confucius said:" Being respectful and rude is tiring, being cautious and rude is embarrassing, being brave and rude is chaotic, and being straight and rude is twisted. Rites are also "true feelings", and those in high positions should set an example for the people. So Confucius went on to say: "A gentleman is loyal to his relatives, and * * * is prosperous in benevolence; Never leave the old, never steal. Ceremony is not extravagance and waste, but the expression of true feelings; It is better to be frugal and humble than extravagant and grandiose-The Analects of Confucius: "The essence of Fang Lin's courtesy. Confucius said, "Good question! Ceremony, not luxury, is quite frugal; Sorrow is better than luxury. " The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo: "Confucius said:' Li Liyun, jade and silk clouds? Happy clouds, happy clouds, bells and drums? Ceremony is a respect for everything in the world. Expressing respect for heaven and earth by asking etiquette —— The Analects of Confucius Eight-legged essay: "When a son enters a big temple, he asks everything. Or: "Who is the son of a man who knows manners? When you enter the temple, you ask everything. " I listened and said, "This is a gift. 2007-04-2001:01:08 Supplement: Confucius (former 55 1 September 28th-former 479), son surnamed Kong [1], named Qiu, whose name is Lu (now Qufu, Shandong). Confucius is the first master of Confucianism, the mainstream theory in China culture since the Han Dynasty, and is respected as the teacher of generations by later generations. Confucius and the Confucianism he founded had a far-reaching influence on China, Korea, Japan, Viet Nam and other regions, which were also called Confucian social regions. 2007-04-2001:01:36 supplement: Confucius' educational idea and teaching reality. Confucius taught four things: writing, action, loyalty and faith. (originally seen in the Analects of Confucius), referring to ancient documents such as poems, books, rituals and music; Doing is virtue; Loyalty means doing your best; Faith is honesty. Confucius attached great importance to ancient documents, especially poems, rituals and music. He believes that these three kinds of knowledge are very important for the cultivation of people's temperament. The Analects of Confucius Taber: "Confucius said:" Prosperity lies in poetry, standing in ceremony, and success lies in joy. Poetry can arouse people's likes and dislikes; Rites make people advance and retreat properly, so that they can stand in the world; Music can make people develop a perfect personality. By the way, Confucius once praised the Book of Songs like this: "Boy, why don't you learn poetry?" ! Poetry can be aroused, observed, grouped and resented. Your father, the king of distant affairs, knows the names of birds and beasts better. 」

Reference: * * *