Yunhe north starting point

The starting point of transporting Hebei is located at the intersection of Tonghui River and North Canal, and there are landmark buildings such as burning lighthouse, Daguanglou and Yun Tong Bridge on its side.

There is an old saying in ancient times: "Hangzhou becomes a stream and floats to Beijing." Ships coming and going on the Grand Canal brought stones, timber, grain and salt from the south, which provided a material basis for Beijing's construction and played an important role in the history of Beijing's urban construction.

In the middle and early Ming Dynasty, the water transport terminal was in Zhangjiawan, and the water transport needed to be transported to Beijing or Tongzhou by land. (You can refer to the previous article: The Canal Drift to Beijing, the pier changes in Zhangjiawan, an ancient town in Cao Yun. ) But the cost of land transportation is high and it is very hard. In order to improve transportation efficiency, people of insight in the Ming Dynasty have been exploring dredging the Tonghui River dug in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1527), Wuzhong, governor of Zhili, patrolled and dug Tonghui River, which was approved by Jiajing Emperor. Under the auspices of Wu Zhong and others, the navigation project of Tonghui River started on February 4, 2007 in Jiajing, which lasted for more than 160 days and was finally successfully opened to navigation. The re-excavated Tonghui River starts from Datong Bridge outside Dongbianmen, Beijing, and goes east along the old road of Tonghui River in Yuan Dynasty, reaching the northwest of Tongzhou City, abandoning the old river leading to the south of Tongzhou in Yuan Dynasty, and digging a new river in the north of the city to join the White River.

Jiajing's Tongzhou Zhilue records that Fuhe River "introduces itself from Baiyangkou to Zhoukou, enters the river, flows into Shahe River, passes through Shunyi County to the northeast of the state, and joins Baihe River", and its annotation says that "the water of Baihe River flows from the tidal river, while the water of Fuhe River flows from the mouth of Gaobai Yangkou, and the two waters merge into one in the northeast of the state", that is, Baihe River (Luhe River) and Wenhe River. The book also records that "the two rivers will flow" is one of the eight scenic spots in Tongzhou in the Ming Dynasty.

After Tonghui River moved northward to Tongzhou Beiguan, the three rivers, Baihe River, Wenyu River and Tonghui River, joined together, and the water potential in the reach from Tongzhou to Zhangjiawan increased. Tankers can be traced directly from Zhangjiawan to Tongzhou city. In order to transport grain from Cang Jing, Wu Zhong built Wudaohe sluice on Tonghui River for water storage and navigation, and built a stone dam pier on the south side of Tonghui River mouth outside the north gate of Tongzhou City. Grain is transferred to Tonghui River through the stone dam, and then transported to the river step by step by five gates until it reaches the Datong pier in Beijing.

In order to transport grain from Tongcang, Wu Zhong built an earth dam wharf outside Tongzhou East Gate, where the grain was unloaded and then transported to Tongzhou for storage through Zhoucheng East Gate. The five sluices on Tonghui River and the second earth-rock dam in Tongzhou City are collectively called "five sluices and two dams".

After the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), the grain from the south arrived at Tongzhou Earth Dam and Shiba Inu for delivery. Shibuya Wharf is located outside the north gate of Tongzhou Old Town, at the intersection of Tonghui River and North Canal, that is, the west bank of the canal south of the Tonghui River estuary. It is a special wharf for transporting grain to Cang Jing, and "Liang Jing is moving from this dam to Tonghui River". There is a Shiba Inu building on Shiba Inu Wharf, also known as Dooku Pavilion. There is a Daguang Building on the southeast hill of Shiba Indog, which is the resting place for grain inspection officials, commonly known as "Grain Inspection Building" and also known as "Dam Building".

Earth dam is a special wharf for transporting grain into Tongzhou warehouse. Located on the west bank of the canal outside the east gate of Tongzhou Old Town, it is rammed with wooden row piles. Jiajing's "Tongzhou Zhilue" records: "There are earth dams, guarding the outer river in the east corner of the state. Grain and rice in the warehouse must be loaded. "

02

A tower shadow recognizes Tongzhou.

Cloud, light, water, color, autumn colors of Luhe River and old-fashioned tour of Sophora japonica.

After the innocent rain, a tower shadow recognized Tongzhou.

Wang Weizhen's poems in Qing Dynasty described the scenery of the canal going north. The ancient city of Tongzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties was surrounded by city walls. Lighthouse, Shiba and Daguanglou are all located at the intersection of Tonghui River and Chengbei North Canal. In ancient times, the boatmen on the North Canal saw the pagoda far away and knew that Tongzhou was coming.

Burning Buddha Pagoda was built in the late Northern Zhou Dynasty. It turned out to be the town water and soil tower. In Liao Dynasty, brick towers were rebuilt in the old base areas to worship the country and rule the gods, and to save water and protect the northeast water transport. It has a history of 1400 years. Together with Hangzhou Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Yangzhou Wenfeng Pagoda and Linqing Pagoda, it is called the four famous pagodas of the Canal.

The burning lighthouse and its three temples in the southeast constitute the ancient architectural complex of "three temples and one tower", which is an important historical and cultural relic of the Beijing section of the Grand Canal. The "Three Temples" are Youshengjiao Temple (including the burning lighthouse), Confucian Temple (also known as Gong Xue) and Ziqing Palace, and the "One Tower" is the burning lighthouse of Youshengjiao Temple. These three buildings are arranged in the shape of "Pin" at close range. There is a Confucian Temple in front, a Yousheng Temple and a Ziqing Palace in the back. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are both close and independent, and they have been integrated for more than 400 years, making them the only architectural complex in China.

Confucius Temple, also known as the Palace of Literature, is a place dedicated to Confucius. Located on the west side of the former Tongzhou government. It was built in the second year of Yuan Dade (1298), four years earlier than the present Confucius Temple in Beijing, and has been rebuilt and expanded 22 times in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Sitting facing south, the main buildings are Zhaobi, Sheji, Rurizhongfang, Lingxingmen, Chi Pan Panqiao, Jimen, Dacheng Hall and Chongsheng Temple in turn. There is Minglun Hall behind the temple, Rongsheng Hall and Jingjing Pavilion in the east lateral court, and Zhengxue Department and Discipline Department in the west lateral court. There are five Dacheng halls and three deep halls, which are colorful and magnificent.

The Ziqing Palace on the left back side of the Confucian Temple is a Taoist temple, which was donated by people from Kyoto and Tongzhou in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Tongzhi and Guangxu years. Hong Haier is painted on the temple wall, which is lifelike and commonly known as Hong Haier Temple.

On the right back side of the Confucian Temple, there is Shengjiao Temple, commonly known as Ta 'an, and there are three mountain gates in the courtyard. There is a stone tablet of the Republic of China that records Eight-Nation Alliance's crime of destroying temples. Youshengjue Temple was a large-scale temple in its early years. Some people think that this temple was built in front of the burning lighthouse. Now, there is only a bright hall, an old tree and a big incense burner marked "Burning Buddha Tower".

The lighthouse is located in Youshengjiao Temple, with brick and wood structure, solid eaves and octagonal 13 floors. The original height is 48 meters and the circumference is 44 meters. There is a sumeru, double waist, elegant shape and exquisite brick carving. The earliest record of burning the lighthouse is "A Brief View of Jingshi" written by Dong Liu and Yu Yi in Ming Dynasty: "In ancient times, there were people blessed by Shengjiao Temple, but now Gong Xue in Tongzhou is also. There is a piece of land outside the palace wall, so the tower is hidden. There are 13 towers with a height of 280 feet and a circumference of 400 feet. "

Another notable feature of the burning lighthouse is the copper wind chimes hanging from the top of each tower. These wind chimes vary in size. There are big bells hanging from the eaves of every corner, and the rest are small bells. A big clock weighs 2 Jin, and a Jason Chung weighs 1 Jin. There are 2248 wind chimes in the whole tower. These wind chimes were donated by kind men and women at that time, and each wind chime was engraved with the original surname of the donor, and some were also engraved with congratulations. Every time the breeze blows, the bell rings and can be heard from miles away, which is memorable.

03

"The long bridge reflects the bright moon" is in all directions of the town.

Cao Liang crossed the stone dam and entered the Tonghui River. He walked along the river until he reached the Datong Bridge Pier in Beijing. He also passed an important stone bridge-Yongtong Bridge, also known as Bali Bridge.

Yongtong Bridge has a history of more than 570 years. According to the Records of Tongzhou compiled by Wang Weizhen in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879), "Yongtong Bridge was built in the eleventh year of Ming Dynasty (1446), and it is now called Bali Bridge". Yongtong Bridge is 50 meters long and 16 meters wide. There are 66 watchtowers, of which 62 have lions at the top and 4 have corner watchtowers without lions at the top. There are 64 concave carved railings, one unicorn beast at the bridge head and one crouching water beast at the bank protection at the four corners under the bridge. There are three arches, one big and two small. The hole in the middle of the bridge is 8.5 meters high and 6.7 meters wide. Oil tankers do not need to sail when passing by, so there is a saying that "Bali Bridge does not sail".

At the bridgehead of the former Yongtong Bridge, there is a stone tablet "Yongtong Bridge Monument". The inscription records: "Tongzhou is in the east of Beijing, above the Luhe River. Anyone who pays tribute to Jingshi from the four countries by water must choose this place, which is the key to the country. " It is a landmark building for Jingtong to control the grain route. According to the Records of Tongzhou compiled by Wang Weizhen in Qing Dynasty, Yongtong Bridge listed "Long Bridge Reflecting the Moon" as one of the eight scenic spots in Tongzhou, referring to two scenic spots. One is a three-hole coupon built by the bridge itself, which hangs in the water and combines up and down like a full moon; Looking down from the railing, the moon in the night sky hangs over the Tonghui River. Because the bridge is tall and big, you can enjoy this view from the commanding height. With the swaying of calamus, fish lanterns and crabs, barges in the river and horses and chariots on the bridges on both sides, you can see the bustling scene.

Besides being an important node on the waterway, Yongtong Bridge also has an important strategic position. There are four ancient bridges guarding the capital in history, one is Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beijing, the other is Chaozong Bridge in Changping in the north of Beijing, the other is Ma Ju Bridge in the southeast of Beijing, and the other is Yongtong Bridge in Tongzhou District of JD.COM.

As the fortress of Beijing and Tianjin, Yongtong Bridge is the throat of JD.COM. COM, which is located in the transportation hub. It fought two large-scale wars. The first time happened in Xianfeng decade of Qing dynasty (1860). The officers and men of the Qing Dynasty who were stationed here in those days resisted the invasion of Beijing by the British and French allied forces, which became a valuable witness of modern China's resistance to foreign aggression. The second time happened in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1900). The Boxer Rebellion and Eight-Nation Alliance fought a fierce battle, which was called Baliqiao Battle in history. In this anti-aggression campaign, China soldiers and civilians fought bloody battles here, resisted the invasion of Beijing by foreign invaders, held fast to the Long Bridge and defended the capital. Their heroic feats are epic.

In order to protect this ancient bridge with a history of more than 570 years and reproduce the scenery of "Baliqiao without masts", at the end of 20 19, the new Baliqiao Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, and Yongtong Bridge was officially "retired", no longer driving motor vehicles, and became a cultural relic landscape for people to visit. Within 100 meters, the old and new Bali Bridges echo each other from afar, adding a new scene of "double bridges" to the ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

At the northernmost end of the Grand Canal, there are many people living here, besides guarding the burning lighthouse, the big light building for counting grain and the Bali Bridge for guarding the fortress. If you want to know about life here, welcome to watch the documentary "I am a planner * * * enjoying the island" broadcast by Beijing Satellite TV at 2 1:08 tonight, and see how Tongzhou residents can work together to build their own living space.