Official school refers to the school system directly organized and managed by the feudal court in China, as well as the local schools run by governments in past dynasties according to administrative divisions.
Including the central and local official schools, * * * isomorphism became the most important official education system in ancient China.
Central official school
The national central official school was formally established in the Han Dynasty. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political situation was chaotic, official schools prevailed and were abolished. In the Tang Dynasty, the central official school flourished with a complete system, and gradually declined after the Southern Song Dynasty. In the late feudal society, the central official school gradually declined and became a vassal of the imperial examination system in name only.
In the late Qing Dynasty, it was completely replaced by schools and schools. According to the different educational levels, educational objects and teaching contents, the central official credits in China feudal society can be divided into three categories: the highest institutions of higher learning, junior colleges and aristocratic schools.
highest institution of learning
Imperial academy and imperial academy are the highest institutions of learning in the feudal countries of China, and they are the main places for the feudal dynasties to train talents. Imperial academy and imperial academy have accumulated a lot of valuable experience in running schools, prospering academics and developing ancient culture and science in China, which occupies an important position in the history of education in China and the world.
Both imperial academy and imperial academy attach importance to exams. But the examination forms and methods are different. The age test was set at the beginning of Han Dynasty, and then at the age of two. The exam is divided into oral test, strategy test and proposition strategy. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived for two years (156), and decided to take the exam every two years, and the number of places to be admitted was unlimited, and different official positions were awarded according to the amount of experience. This practice of paying attention to the examination of regular classes and trying to select scholars broke the system of attaching importance to the world and cronyism, which was of positive significance to the selection of feudal talents and was rare in the history of world education at that time.
Ten-day examination, year-old examination and graduation examination of the central official school in Tang Dynasty; Imperial academy's three-shed examination method in Song Dynasty: imperial academy scored eight points a year in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which can be regarded as the inheritance and development of imperial academy's examination method in Han Dynasty. Imperial academy and imperial academy emphasized self-study and free academic exploration. Especially in the Han dynasty. Later dynasties inherited and carried forward the fine tradition of imperial academy in Han Dynasty to varying degrees, and trained many great scholars.