1. 1 The volumetric expansion coefficient and isothermal compression ratio of a substance are defined as follows.
Try to deduce the relationship between ideal gas and pressure and temperature.
Solution: According to the ideal gas equation
1.5 Two glass bubbles with a volume of V are connected by a thin tube, and the air in the standard state is sealed in the bubbles. If you put it
One ball is heated to 100℃, and the other ball is maintained at 0℃. Ignoring the gas volume in the connecting tubule, try to find the container.
Pressure of internal air.
Solution: From the given conditions, it can be known that (1) the total amount of substances in the system remains unchanged; (2) The pressure in the two balls remains unchanged.
Standard status:
Therefore,
1.9 As shown in the figure, there are hydrogen and nitrogen at the same temperature and pressure on both sides of a container with partitions, both of which can be regarded as ideal.
Gas.
(1) When the temperature in the container remains the same, the volume of the partition itself can be ignored if the partition is removed. Just try it.
Find the pressure of the mixture of two gases.
(2) Are the molar volumes of 2)H2 and N2 the same before and after partition extraction?
(3) What is the ratio of the partial pressures of H2 and N2 to their partial volumes in the mixed gas after the separator is pulled out?
Solution: (1) after isothermal mixing
That is, mixing under the above conditions, considering the pressure of the system.
(2) How to define the molar volume of a component in a mixed gas?
(3) According to the definition of fractional volume
For partial pressure
There is atmosphere in the autoclave, room temperature 1. 1. In order to ensure the safety in the experiment, pure nitrogen at the same temperature is used.
Replacement, the steps are as follows: introduce nitrogen into the kettle until the pressure is four times that of air, and then exhaust the mixed gas in the kettle until it recovers.
Return to normal pressure. Repeat three times. Find the mole fraction of oxygen in the gas when the last exhaust gas in the kettle returns to normal pressure.
Solution: Analysis: The molar fraction of mixed gas remains unchanged after each nitrogen injection until the exhaust gas returns to normal pressure P.
Let the mole fraction of oxygen in the system before the first nitrogen filling be, and the mole fraction of oxygen in the system after nitrogen filling be.
Because, then, Repeat the above process, the first n
After the second nitrogen filling, the molar fraction of the system is
therefore
1. 13 N2 gas at 0 C and 40.530 kPa was calculated by ideal gas state equation and van der Waals equation respectively.
Its molar volume. The experimental value is.
Solution: Use the ideal gas state equation to calculate.
Van der Waals calculation, look-up table shows that for N2 gas (Appendix 7)
The solution of the equation is obtained by using the fzero function of MatLab.
You can also use direct iteration to get the initial value.
Iterate ten times.
Wet acetylene gas saturated with water vapor at1.16 25 C (that is, the partial pressure of water vapor in mixed gas is saturated with water at the same temperature).
And the total pressure is 138.7 kPa, and it is cooled to 10℃ under the condition of constant total pressure, so that part of water vapor condenses into water. Try to ask
The amount of condensed water per mole of dry acetylene gas during cooling. The saturated steam of water at 25°C and10 C is known.
The pressures are 3.17kpa and1.23kpa respectively.
Solution: The process is shown in the figure below.
If the system is an ideal gas mixture, then
1. 17 A closed rigid container is filled with air and a little water. However, when the container is in large equilibrium at 300 K, the container
The internal pressure is101.325kpa.. If the container is moved to boiling water at 373. 15 K, when trying to reach a new balance in the container, it should be
There is pressure. Assuming that there is always water in the container, any volume change of water can be ignored. Saturated vapor pressure of water at 300 K
It's 3.567 kPa.
Solution: