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University inorganic and analytical chemistry, using standard electrode potential to explain why concentrated hydrochloric acid is used to make chlorine gas in the laboratory.
E=E+-E-
E>0, chemical reaction can occur.
Negative electrode: 2Cl-2e- = Cl2
Positive electrode: MnO2+ 2e-+4H+ = Mn2++2H2O.
E- = E standard (Cl2/Cl-)+0.0592/2LG (1[Cl-] 2)
E+ = E standard (MnO2/Mn2+)+0.0592/2LG ([H+] 4/[Mn2+])