2. Interpersonal conditions. Interpersonal conditions are also very important for entrepreneurs. Especially in the current market economy, improving interpersonal relationships will play a positive role in promoting entrepreneurs to successfully complete their entrepreneurial activities. The so-called interpersonal relationship conditions mainly refer to the relatively stable relationship that entrepreneurs gradually form in their own work, study and living space, and have various favorable conditions for entrepreneurs to engage in entrepreneurial activities. People have social attributes and natural attributes, and social attributes are mainly reflected by people's social behaviors. Specifically, it is impossible for individuals to leave this social group in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation, and always have direct or indirect contact with others. In this way, entrepreneurs always gradually form a relatively stable relationship network in their own lives. This network is a rare asset for entrepreneurs. At the same time, as entrepreneurs, we should learn to make full use of and mobilize these favorable factors, so that they can provide maximum help for entrepreneurial activities. It can be seen that interpersonal conditions are very important for entrepreneurs.
3. own quality conditions. The quality conditions of entrepreneurs themselves determine the nature and business scope of entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial activities, and also determine whether entrepreneurs can succeed in the end. The entrepreneur's own quality should include intellectual and non-intellectual factors such as cultural quality, physical quality and psychological quality. In today's society, a successful entrepreneur must first have a high cultural quality.
Third, the trend analysis of college students' entrepreneurial environment
College students' entrepreneurship has both opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis of college students entrepreneurship;
1. Advantages: (1) People who accept new things quickly, even those who lead the trend. (2) thinking is generally active, whether you dare to do it or at least dare to think. (3) Self-confidence and passion to do what you are looking for. (4) Young and energetic, so there is a saying that "youth is the greatest capital".
2. Disadvantages: (1) Lack of social experience and professional experience, especially lack of interpersonal relationship and business network. (2) Lack of entrepreneurial projects with real business prospects, and many entrepreneurial ideas can't stand the test of the market. (3) Lack of commercial credit, which leads to difficulties in financing and borrowing. (4) Poor psychological endurance and easy to give up when encountering setbacks. Some students heard that it was difficult to start a business in the early stage, so they gave up easily without trying. (5) Young people are often distrusted in the whole social, cultural and business communication. As the saying goes, "no hair on your mouth and no practical work" is not conducive to young people's entrepreneurship.
3. Opportunities. At present, national policies encourage college students to start businesses, schools also pay attention to cultivating their entrepreneurial skills, society gradually recognizes college students' entrepreneurship, and families begin to give college students some entrepreneurial funds. The environment for college students to start businesses is gradually improving.
4. threats. The competition for talents is becoming more and more fierce, and the social pressure for college students to go to society after graduation is increasing. Although I started my own business, the market competition is fierce and the financial pressure is great. It is even more difficult for parents and society to recognize it. Although starting a business solved the employment problem at the beginning, I am still young and want to enrich my life and live with more dignity.
Nowadays, it is a trend for college students to start businesses. Although there are advantages and opportunities, there are also disadvantages and threats. When starting a business, college students should seize opportunities, give full play to their advantages, find out specific shortcomings, make plans, solve threats and difficulties and achieve life goals according to their own characteristics.
With favorable policies and mature environment, it is timely for college students to start their own businesses.
75% of the respondents are optimistic about the prospects of entrepreneurs aged 25 -35.
Colleges and universities have set up creative parks and business incubation bases for college students.
"Ah, my circle of friends was listed by Ma Yun and Alibaba tonight!" /kloc-in September of 0/9, Ma Yun became a world-famous figure. His Ali Kingdom was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, raising $21800 million, making it the largest IPO project in the history of American stock market. The successful story of Ma Yun's entrepreneurship has inspired many young entrepreneurs, and the successful listing of Alibaba Group has lit a bright light for many entrepreneurs. Many college students who want to start a business or are starting a business admit that Ma Yun is their idol. They are familiar with Ma Yun's story and all kinds of inspirational words he said.
A
Good policy
University business park
Entrepreneurship competitions are everywhere.
At the forum held shortly before the Davos Forum in the summer of 20 14, Premier Li Keqiang proposed to set off a new wave of "mass entrepreneurship" and "grassroots entrepreneurship" on 9.6 million square kilometers of land. Just last week, guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Education Department and the Finance Department issued the Notice on Implementing the Entrepreneurship Leading Plan for Guangdong University Students (20 14-20 17) (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which stated that 20 14-20 17.
The favorable policies introduced one after another provide a good environment for young people to start businesses. Experts also pointed out that the government's series of measures to simplify administration, decentralize power and encourage innovation have begun to ferment, and the entrepreneurial environment will be further improved in the future, and the engine of China's economy will be upgraded accordingly. The success of a group of young Internet entrepreneurs at home and abroad has also made the concept of "starting early" popular among young people. Recently, the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily conducted a survey on 20 15 people through public opinion China and questionnaire.com. Although 6 1.2% of the respondents found that young people have a low chance of success in starting a business too early, 5 1.0% of the respondents still agreed that "it's time to start a business" and 75% of the respondents were optimistic about the prospects of entrepreneurs aged 25 -35.
Domestic college students never lack the spark and passion of starting a business. What is even more rare is that, inspired by the entrepreneurial tide, many successful people and related organizations in today's society have also begun to launch a series of specific implementation measures to assist, guide and support entrepreneurship.
Last Friday, 20 14, the largest educational entrepreneurship competition in China, was held in South China Agricultural University. As one of the judges, Professor Zhang Guanghui, director of the Marketing Department of the School of Economics and Management of South China Agricultural University, believes that various favorable policies provide a very good environment for college students to start their own businesses. "In addition to national policy support, many colleges and universities have established creative parks and business incubation bases for college students. More and more social groups have also entered the school to hold various entrepreneurial competitions, providing a platform and financial support for college students. "
B
The heat of public examinations has cooled down, and college students' entrepreneurial enthusiasm is high.
Mature environment
At the beginning of this year, the number of applicants for civil service examinations in Zhejiang Province dropped from 363,400 last year to 273,400 this year, with a sharp drop of 1/4, which caused an uproar. From 20 13 civil servants' "forbidden year" to now, under the background of "tigers and flies", the "official group" once envied by the people has become more and more uncomfortable. In view of the repeated prohibition of public officials, some people predicted that "China will set off a new wave", while others said that "the undercurrent of young civil servants' resignation will continue to cool down". In the interview, the reporter learned that there are indeed many college students with dreams who admit that after graduation, they may find a job, study and internship transition, and then use what they have learned in the workplace to start a business.
Professor Zhang Guanghui is very supportive of college students' entrepreneurship. He believes that the entrepreneurial army needs the participation of college students. "Because college students are people who master modern science and technology, they have a very good promotion effect on leading the social economy. If more and more college students start businesses, it will promote the adjustment and upgrading of the economic and industrial structure, and college students' entrepreneurship is to create employment opportunities and is a good thing for the benefit of society. The country requires innovation, and college students are the most innovative and energetic group. "
Zhang Guanghui believes that whether it is the social environment or the consciousness of college students, now is the best time to start a business. "It can be said that the spring of college students' entrepreneurship has arrived. "
C
Without practice, it is difficult to turn it into a business model.
The problem still exists.
However, although there are all kinds of good news about college students' entrepreneurship and their entrepreneurial enthusiasm is getting higher and higher, there are still some shortcomings. "At present, the biggest problem of college students' entrepreneurship is that they don't combine ideas with reality. It can be said that many college students are still in the creative stage, but they have not put this idea into action and turned it into a business model. " Zhang Guanghui pointed out that the key to such problems in college students' entrepreneurship is the lack of social practice. "So college students must participate in social practice on the premise of learning knowledge well, not just daydreaming, but entering the society. Only when they are in contact with society can they turn their ideas into productive forces. "
Cutie, M&A manager of New Oriental Investment, is also a judge of Guangzhou Station of "Winning in the Oriental Education Entrepreneurship Competition". She thinks that the starting point of college students' group entrepreneurship is usually the campus economy, which is good, because today's college students are the generation that rose after 90. With the popularity of the Internet and mobile Internet, "it is very beneficial for them to proceed from this point. However, from the actual project presentation, college students' entrepreneurial projects are often large and complete rather than small and refined, and the success rate will be relatively small. From the perspective of our investment, we prefer small and beautiful things. For example, the' angry brush positioning' project that directly advanced to the finals is a small and beautiful APP. It sees the business opportunities of international education examination in the second-tier market, and dares to challenge and subvert. Moreover, this kind of project is still blank and unique in the domestic education market at present. "
Now many college students will pay attention to the internet. Little cute always believes that the internet is just a means. "It's not the Internet that makes us do something amazing, but the way of Internet promotion and the spread of the audience will be much stronger than our traditional way. Therefore, college students should not be too eager to think about how to promote their own entrepreneurship. The most important thing is to do a good job in products and business, and then use the Internet to form water waves, which will spread from one point to the outside, which will be more effective. "
Analysis on the initial situation of college students' entrepreneurship
At present, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" has a far-reaching impact on various industries. This year's "Service Innovation Competition" is given by service outsourcing enterprises, and some of them are actually contracted projects of enterprises. Some innovative and entrepreneurial projects fully reflect the characteristics of innovation, transformation and prospect, especially the contest "Entrepreneurship Practice Group (Class C)".
Nine university teams including Thumb Team of Hangzhou Normal University, Singularity Team of Dalian Neusoft Institute of Information, OpenHEC Team of Jiangnan University, beijing university of chemical technology School Fun Family Team and Lingmu Technology Team of Zhejiang University of Technology won the first prize in Group C of this competition. These projects include intelligent robot operating system oriented to heterogeneous FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), computer vision application technology applied to UAV and other fields, and push platform project focusing on "the second marketing department of Internet companies".
1, the initial team building is the most difficult.
The entrepreneurial project of Lingmu Science and Technology Team of Zhejiang University of Technology is "UAV Vision Application and System Development". Team leader Xie Zhen is a doctoral student majoring in computer science in Zhejiang University of Technology. After graduating from graduate school, she studied computer vision with her tutor.
In August last year, Xie Zhen established Hangzhou Lingmu Technology Co., Ltd., which was introduced into Zhejiang National University Science Park as an excellent entrepreneurial project for college students. Xie Zhen told the International Business Daily: "UAV is just a scene of computer vision application. This technology can be applied to many fields such as surveying and mapping, terrain exploration in emergencies, etc., and can also be applied to devices such as mobile phones and cameras. "
How to survive is a difficult problem that entrepreneurs must face in the early stage. Xie Zhen and his team decided to support themselves and R&D with business lists. They have cooperated with TV stations, cultural relics museums and enterprises to shoot and produce promotional films and advertisements. At present, the company's annual turnover reaches 6,543,800 yuan, which can basically meet employees' salaries and R&D expenses. "The most difficult thing for college students in the early stage of starting a business is team building, because it is difficult to get the participation and support of professionals with social experience and industry accumulation. Only by accumulating to a certain extent and achieving certain results can we attract social resources to join. " Xie Zhen said that science and technology projects need high-level talents, and they can only do their own technology research and development in the early stage. However, he believes that as long as the ideas are good and the products are well done, there will be explosive growth after attracting capital.
Burning money is not a long-term solution.
The project of beijing university of chemical technology School Fun Family Team is "Hiring Customers", which is a platform to provide one-stop promotion solutions for mobile Internet companies. Jiang, the person in charge of the recruitment project, told the International Business Daily that they are a standard post-90 s entrepreneurial team. Although they just left the campus, they started their entrepreneurial practice very early (20 1 1 year). "After years of hard work, we have a deeper understanding of what entrepreneurship is."
At the end of last year, Jiang's first project "School Fun APP" received several hundred thousand yuan of seed round financing, and then made several adjustments. The current positioning is to provide promotion services for enterprises, provide solutions planning, guidance, personnel recruitment, resource docking and other services for enterprises, and strive to become the "second marketing department of Internet companies".
Jiang's team is different from most internet companies that don't make money and post it backwards. They began to consider profits on the first day of the recruitment project. Jiang said: "Burning money is not a long-term solution. Finding a mature and stable business model and continuing to make profits is our goal. "
At present, there are hundreds of "employees" who have settled in the platform, including social teams and student teams, covering major universities and office buildings in Beijing, and can provide online and offline three-dimensional promotion according to the needs of enterprises. The part-time guild under the employer is a part-time recruitment platform connecting employers and college students. In just a few months, the platform has solved the part-time recruitment needs for hundreds of companies including Alibaba and Meituan, and the number of platform users has also exceeded 30,000.
Opportunities for college students to start their own businesses
1, the central and provincial and municipal support policies provide a guarantee for college students to start their own businesses.
The central and local governments have fully realized the important role of college students' self-employment in promoting employment and social and economic development. Governments at all levels have introduced many preferential policies, involving financing, taxation, entrepreneurship training and guidance, which provide good conditions for college students to start their own businesses. At the same time, local governments at all levels have set up the "College Students' Entrepreneurship Start-up Fund" to encourage college students to participate in entrepreneurship. Colleges and universities also rely on their own creative and entrepreneurial zones to provide entrepreneurial places and entrepreneurial guidance for college students.
2. The development of county economy provides a good opportunity for college students to start their own businesses.
In recent years, with the increase of the overall number of college graduates, the pressure on college students to find jobs in big cities is increasing. However, with the start and development of county economy, college students' returning to their hometowns to start businesses has gradually entered people's sight and become a good choice for their own development and county economic development. College students' entrepreneurship in their hometowns is in an emerging stage, and the continuous improvement of local economic construction will further improve and strengthen the policy environment and policies for college students' entrepreneurship. College students' entrepreneurship not only promotes the development of county economy, but also provides good opportunities for college students' entrepreneurship.
3. Excellent policy environment provides a platform for college students to start their own businesses.
In order to promote the construction of college students' entrepreneurial platform and further optimize the entrepreneurial environment, the county government specially arranged 1 10,000 yuan as an incentive fund for college students' entrepreneurial platform, talent apartment construction and the implementation of college students' self-employment policy. County industry and commerce, taxation, banking and other units have opened "green channels", simplifying application materials and procedures, lowering the threshold of registered capital, optimizing business processes, shortening processing time and reducing taxes. County employment, science and technology, the Youth League Committee and other departments have increased policy support, actively implemented entrepreneurship subsidies, venture capital support and small secured loans, and actively sought support from all sides, providing a broad platform for college students to start businesses.
Challenges faced by college students' entrepreneurship
1, the concept of entrepreneurship is rather vague.
A considerable number of students' understanding of entrepreneurship has a utilitarian tendency, thinking that entrepreneurship is a cause that can bring immediate economic benefits, which leads to the utilitarian value orientation of entrepreneurship, thus violating the essence of college students' entrepreneurship. At the same time, college students' entrepreneurial enthusiasm is more emotional than rationality, and they do not fully realize the various requirements of entrepreneurship for ability and quality. In addition, college students don't know enough about the difficulty of starting a business, and think that as long as they are creative, they can succeed.
2. The financial strength is relatively insufficient.
Many college students think that capital is the most needed for self-employment, but college students lack economic foundation and sources, and most of the venture capital comes from family or classmates. According to the survey, the financial problem is the main cause of entrepreneurial failure, and it has also become the primary factor of college students' entrepreneurial failure. First of all, many students who are willing to start a business have insufficient accumulation of their own funds. Secondly, in the common commercial financing methods, it is difficult for entrepreneurial college students to obtain loans, because the credit rating of students who want to start a business is difficult to evaluate, and banks are highly cautious about their credit loans. Entrepreneurial projects selected by students are limited by their own experience and their own vision of the market, and they are basically unable to win the favor of venture capitalists; Other financing methods, such as financial leasing, are difficult to obtain relatively large financial support because of the limited real assets owned by student entrepreneurs themselves.
3. Insufficient support for follow-up work.
First of all, it is difficult for college students to enter the market at the beginning of their entrepreneurial work, and the publicity is not enough, which affects the degree of market entry. Secondly, the lack of market access and marketing measures will inevitably affect the enthusiasm and confidence of college students in starting a business for a long time. Thirdly, there is a shortage of venture capital and weak support. Although the government has issued a number of preferential policies, at present, college students who are willing to start a business cannot enjoy the preferential policies provided by the government widely because of the restrictions of conditions.
4. Lack of entrepreneurial experience.
A considerable number of entrepreneurial college students lack systematic entrepreneurial planning and long-term development vision and strategy. Pay more attention to academics and lack the ability to open up markets; Pay more attention to network technology and lack the ability to open up the market situation; Pay attention to self-feeling, but lack team spirit.
Countermeasures to promote college students' entrepreneurship
1, the policy mechanism of entrepreneurship support was introduced.
Introduce various preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses. Incorporate college students' entrepreneurship into the social entrepreneurship system, so that college students can enjoy more preferential treatment in entrepreneurship. Especially in venture capital, the government should set up a venture guarantee fund to provide guarantee for college students' venture loans and solve the bottleneck problem of venture capital. It is suggested to set up a venture capital fund to directly invest in small and medium-sized enterprises with high technology content, new energy, new materials, environmental protection and energy conservation, and share risks and benefits with college students. We will implement the guidance mechanism of entrepreneurial tutors, realize the assistance of departments and the docking of tutors, and effectively improve the quality and efficiency of college students' entrepreneurship.
2. Establish an incentive mechanism to encourage entrepreneurship.
Pay attention to setting an example, lead by example, and play an exemplary role. Vigorously report advanced and typical entrepreneurial deeds in the whole society, and actively stimulate more people's entrepreneurial passion. At the same time, advanced models are given both material and spiritual rewards.
3. Create a strong entrepreneurial propaganda atmosphere.
Make use of newspapers, TV, magazines, Internet and other media to publicize the government's preferential policies, vigorously spread entrepreneurial ideas, cultivate entrepreneurial culture, publicize the multiplier effect of entrepreneurship to promote employment, and help the society, college students and their parents establish correct entrepreneurial ideas with strong public opinion, provide them with ideological guarantee and spiritual motivation, and create a better entrepreneurial environment.
4. Improve the construction of entrepreneurship platform.
Guiding college students to participate in entrepreneurial practice requires both activity carriers and college students' entrepreneurial service system. In addition, it is necessary to build an entrepreneurial service system. First, provide policy support. It is necessary to cooperate with relevant parties to implement a series of supporting policies and measures to support college students' entrepreneurship, and work closely with relevant departments to study, introduce and implement new policies and regulations to promote college students' entrepreneurship. The second is to provide project support. It is necessary to recommend alternative projects for college students' entrepreneurship, respect students' choice, pay attention to students' independent choice of projects, strengthen entrepreneurship guidance, and organize forces to provide necessary intellectual support for college students' entrepreneurial practice. The third is to strive for financial support. It is necessary to mobilize social forces extensively, introduce venture capital and raise social capital at the same time. In line with the win-win policy, explore the establishment of college students' entrepreneurship fund to provide support for college students' entrepreneurship.
College students' entrepreneurial recommendation
So, what should college students do to start a business?
Scientific and technological achievements
Colleges and universities are places where scientific research achievements and scientific and technological talents gather, and there have also been many successful talents in scientific and technological entrepreneurship. As college students, if they have their own scientific and technological achievements in a certain field, they can use their own achievements to take the road of scientific and technological entrepreneurship. What we should pay attention to here is to make full use of the resources of the school, including scientific and technological achievements, technology, equipment, teachers, classmates and so on. When starting a science and technology enterprise; On the other hand, we should pay attention to transforming scientific and technological achievements into commodities, which is an important factor for the success of scientific and technological achievements.
Science and technology service
College students can make some scientific research achievements according to their hobbies, but these scientific research achievements are often difficult to be converted into commodities, let alone directly used for entrepreneurship. Some of our enterprises, especially some large and medium-sized enterprises, will have many scientific and technological problems. College students can strengthen contact with enterprises through teachers and schools, take enterprise problems as research topics, and provide scientific and technological services for enterprises. If a scientific and technological service achievement can become a long-term supporting product or service for large enterprises, it will lay a stable foundation for entrepreneurs. Many scientific and technological achievements of application-oriented universities are closely related to our lives, but many of them are shelved because of lack of application development. College students can use their own knowledge and school resources to develop the application of scientific and technological achievements. Here, we don't necessarily pay attention to those big projects that can change social life. As long as we can find a combination with people's daily life, small commodities may become a big market. For example, we use the achievements of food science and technology in the field of snack food; Apply scientific and technological achievements to the cultivation and breeding of family flowers and pets; The new technology of material surface treatment is applied to handicrafts, decorations and so on.
Intelligence service
With the development of social economy, service industry plays an increasingly important role in our life. College students should give full play to their knowledge advantages and choose some intellectual services that require knowledge and expertise, such as translation, computer maintenance and tutor training. , or apply software design to some traditional industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, businesses and business chain fields.
E-commerce/e-commerce
Now the network has become more and more popular, and it has become another stage in people's lives. E-commerce has low cost and is not limited by time and space. College students learn and use computers since childhood. They can use their knowledge and skills to start businesses and do e-commerce. In this regard, college students should not stop at opening online stores and buying and selling traditional goods, but should provide some online intellectual services or some creative e-commerce according to their own characteristics. For example, students studying international trade can seek international orders through the internet; Provide online sales for traditional industries; Provide external information for small and medium-sized enterprises to go abroad; Establish virtual office services and so on.
Creativity xiaodian
College students are young, energetic and active in thinking, and like to accept new and fashionable things. The operation of the small shop is relatively simple, and the requirements for social experience, management, marketing and finance are not high. Therefore, college students can give full play to their own characteristics and open some creative stores in this ever-changing international metropolis. For example, innovative fruit and vegetable shops, dessert shops, children's painting workshops, toy bars for adults and the elderly, DIY shops for embroidery crafts, personalized home decorations, jewelry stores, beauty salons and so on.
Franchise chain
Franchise chain is a successful business model. Franchise chains in developed countries occupy a high proportion in commercial operations, but the proportion in franchise chains is not high, and there is still a lot of market space. Franchise chain can provide franchisees with successful models and experiences.
For college students to start a business, starting a business by joining a chain can make up for their own shortcomings, quickly master the experience and knowledge needed for starting a business, reduce risks and improve the success rate of starting a business. The key to starting a business through franchise chain is to find a project with a perfect franchise chain system that suits you.
Where is the starting point of college students' entrepreneurship?
What should college students do when starting a business? Cooked is better than raw! College students' entrepreneurship has both advantages and limitations. College students are positive, energetic and like to accept new things. Learning in school has enabled them to have certain professional knowledge. However, due to not entering the society, there are some deficiencies in business awareness, social experience, enterprise management, finance, marketing and so on. Therefore, college students should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses in the choice of entrepreneurial direction, and find a road suitable for their own development.
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