I honestly admit that I was captured by the primitive lust like a volcanic eruption. Before entering the cinema, if someone showed me pictures of Axel Niya and Natalie, I would fall in love with Natalie: delicate, slim and gentle, just like O Hepburn, a Hollywood movie star I often saw later, while Axel Niya looked too fat, rude and lacking in femininity. However, after watching the movie, I will not hesitate to choose Axelniya.
Sartre once said the following words:
Not long ago, there were 2 billion people living on the earth;
Among them, 500 million are human and 654.38+500 million are indigenous. The former has words; All that remains is to use it. ...
In the long history of Russian literature, who owns the writing?
Pushkin Guizu Huangcun High School
Nikolai Nikolai Gogol landlord Nieren High School of Science.
Turgenev Nobel Moscow University
Dr Dostoevsky Petersburg Institute of Military Engineering.
Moscow State University of ostrovsky
Father Chernyshevski, University of Petersburg.
Lev tolstoy Noble Keshan University
Tolstoy's noble Dresden University
But at the beginning of the last century, a group of new "invaders" appeared in the noble and elegant literary hall. They were born in lower-class families and had little formal education, such as:
Gorky carpenter primary school, grade two, 1 1, orphan wandering, worked as a dishwasher, apprentice, and decoration team leader.
Ye Saining Farmers Normal School worked as a worker and a shop assistant in the second grade.
Employees and shop assistants in sholokhov work as coolies, masons and accountants in the fourth grade of rural middle schools.
These people, such as the "aborigines" studied by Sartre, broke into the literary palace, which was related to the Russian revolution and the establishment of the Soviet regime since 1905.
What is the significance of these "intruders" to literature?
Russian literature is very different from that of other western European countries. Western European writers treat the suffering people living at the bottom with compassion and describe them as kind and noble people. Some representative writers in Russian literature, such as Pushkin, Turgenev, lev tolstoy, etc. All of them were born in the nobility, but they hated their origins to varying degrees, and portrayed the suffering people such as serfs with cordial and poetic brushwork. However, the gap still exists. No matter how meticulous the brushwork is, they still describe themselves, their social and cultural ideals.
Although Gorky, Ye Saining and sholokhov were deeply influenced by the aristocratic literary tradition, they also added unprecedented things to literature. What they brought into the literary palace was another set of discourse system, another word.
Lev tolstoy once wrote the novel Cossack, describing that young Olenin was tired of aristocratic life and came to the mountain village where Cossack lived. The author shows us the poetic life of a group of villagers in mountain villages unaffected by modern culture: life here is rough and free, and people here are kind and simple. In contrast, the noble Olenin is narrow-minded, cowardly, selfish and cruel. We can't say that Tolstoy's Cossack is untrue. It doesn't make much sense to judge the truth here. But what is certain is that the author chose Cossack as the main body, pinning his ideal of advocating nature and returning to the original "confessing aristocracy". The book seems to describe the life of the "lower class", but in fact it is another form of aristocratic culture.
But what we see in Gorky's, Ye Saining's or sholokhov's works is not this cultural form, but an "alternative" culture.
Sholokhov's The Silent Don is an epic reflecting the life of Cossacks. The writer is the son of Don River. He was born and raised in Sri Lanka. We have reason to say that the Cossack life shown in Silent Tang is more real than lev tolstoy's Cossack. But this is not the essence of the problem. The essence is that sholokhov's cultural ideal and aesthetic taste in Cossack are completely different from Leo Tolstoy's. Please look at the frontispiece poem of Quiet Don River:
……
Our glorious land doesn't need plowshares?
Our land is cultivated with horseshoes,
The glorious land is covered with Cossack heads,
The quiet Don River is decorated with widowed young women,
There are orphans everywhere, the quiet Don River, our father,
Parents' tears roll with your waves.
Just like Tolstoy's War and Peace, The Silent Don can also be divided into two parts: one is a life of war and the other is a life of peace. The two epics have the same number of words, and as far as Chinese versions are concerned, they are all four volumes. War and Peace 1547, Quiet Tang, 2060. The proportion of "war" and "peace" is similar: in "War and Peace", "war" accounts for about two-fifths and "peace" accounts for three-fifths. In Silent Tang, the part of "war" (including violence) is about half, and the part of "peace" is also half. But in terms of internal relations, the two books are completely different: in War and Peace, the life of war and the life of peace come down in one continuous line. As far as the protagonists Pierre, Andre and Natasha are concerned, their souls are moving from confusion to clarity. War is a continuation of peace, and a peaceful life is a continuation of war life. The protagonists sublimate themselves in the baptism of suffering and temptation. In Silent Tang, war means disaster and peace means happiness. Gregory and Axel Niya, as protagonists, are almost free to rise and fall in the wave of inexplicable lust and external violence. Every time a hero goes through a war (violence), he is hurt (physically). Mentally). They licked their wounds in a quiet life, and before they recovered, a new wave of violence came. Although the author also wants to tell us that there are "revolutionary violence" and "counter-revolutionary violence", they are all disasters for the protagonist in the book. Only the land and the hut are warm. After many transitions between war and peace, the protagonist Gregory exhausted his original passion and failed to find his spiritual home, while Axel Niya was sent to the grave by bullets from the Red Army. Sholokhov showed us the tragic world of peasants, which was not found in Tolstoy and other classic writers' works. He provided us with another discourse system.
Tisch Tang
……
Oh, dear! Quiet Don River, you are our father!
Oh, dear! Quiet Don River, why is your current so turbid?
Oh, dear! How can my water not be turbid?
Cold spring flows outward from the bottom of my river.
White fish rolled in my midstream.
The nationalities in the world can be roughly divided into coastal nationalities and inland nationalities. Due to the differences in geographical environment and mode of production, the two nationalities constitute two different mythological discourse systems, which embody two different artistic imaginations and styles. Coastal ethnic groups are as vast as the sea and colorful as clouds, while inland ethnic groups are as simple as fields. As calm and heavy as a mountain. Coastal ethnic groups like to describe the sea, while inland ethnic groups like to praise the river, but people in mountainous areas are different from those in plain areas: mountainous areas like to describe waterfalls and turbulence, which has the masculine temperament of their fathers, while people living on grasslands like to write the river that raised them wide and gentle, like mother's milk, called "mother river". Most of the areas where the Dun River passes are vast grasslands. Cossacks riding horses "cultivate with horseshoes". The rough expansion of grasslands and the tenderness of fields are very different from those of Russians or Han nationality. Although the author calls the Don River "my father" in the frontispiece, the Don River described in The Silent Don River has both "father" and "mother", and "THXHH" is both quiet and majestic. For example:
The Don River slowly changed from a calm deep pool to a shallow pool. The current swirled in the shallows like messy hair. The Don River staggered forward, and the river overflowed quietly and unhurriedly.
..... But where the riverbed is narrow and the river can't run freely, the Don River washes the bottom of the river into a deep ditch, making a breathless roar and chasing the foaming waves like a million. Behind the protruding cliff, the water turned into a whirlpool in the deep pit. The water there turns in a terrible and dizzy circle: people dare not look at it.
The Silent Don always combines the experience, fate and mood of Cossacks (especially the protagonist Gregory) with the description of the Don and its banks. The "Don River" in the works is actually an artistic representation of the Cossacks' character and destiny.
In the frontispiece poem quoted above, there are two images worthy of special attention, namely "white fish" and "cold spring" at the bottom of the river. The author thinks that the reason why the Don River is "turbid" is because of "fish" and "cold spring".
Wen Yiduo has an academic paper "Talking about Fish", pointing out that "fish" in folk myths and legends is a symbol of "sex". The frontispiece poem in The Silent Don is an ancient Cossack folk song, which cannot but become a metaphor of sex.
As soon as the hero Gregory appeared in the novel (see Chapter 2 of Volume 1), he went fishing with his father Pantley. In this 3,000-word fishing statement, one detail is particularly noteworthy: when they caught a big crimson carp, Pantrion said, "Call it a day!" "Then he looked at the village at the foot of the mountain and said doubtfully," Anyway, I can see that you and Axel Niya Astahova ... "The conversation suddenly turned and seemed unconnected. Why did Pantley in Fishing suddenly talk about Gregory's love affair with Axelnia? Maybe Pan Ku invited his son to go fishing, because "drunkenness is not about wine" is a warning to his son not to associate with Axelnia again, but if we explain it subconsciously, it is the crimson carp that reminds Pan Tailai of the sexual relationship between Gregory and Axelnia.
If the connection between "fishing" and "sex" is still hidden in the subconscious level, then the description of trawling in The Tempest in Chapter Four is naked sexual realism:
There was a thunderstorm before dusk. Brown clouds hung over the village. The Don River, wrinkled by the wind, sends undulating waves to the shore. Outside the Woods around the yard, a dry flash pierced the sky, and the sparse thunder oppressed the earth. An eagle spread its wings and circled under the clouds, and a group of crows croaked after it. Black clouds from the southwest spewed cold air and floated along the Don River. The sky behind the grass by the river is so dark that people are afraid, and the grassland seems to be waiting for something silently.
What are you waiting for? In the whole fishing process, Gregory was in the waves, and all his thoughts were tied to Axel Niya:
Before going into the river, an inexplicable pleasure made his mood very high: "Pull up, Ashuga, lean on me, and let's go to hell together!"
When the waves washed Gregory into the abyss, he struggled, but his mouth shouted, "Is Axel Niya still alive?"
When Axel Niya screamed when she was unstable in the rapids, Gregory was taken aback and shouted to the depths:
"Axelniya Gregory was afraid and cold, and shouted.
Gregory couldn't hear his father crying at all.
"Grace, where are you? ..... "Axelnia's voice seemed to be crying.
"Why don't you promise? "Gregory shouted angrily.
"The waves washed me ashore," she gasped. "I lost my mind! I thought you drowned. "
Their arms touch each other. Axel Niya tried to put her hand into the sleeve of her coat.
On this stormy night of net fishing?
Gregory, shivering with cold, fell beside him. From Axel Niya's wet hair, there is a gentle and touching breath. She looked up and lay down, breathing evenly with her half-open mouth. "The smell in your hair is really charming. You know, like those little white flowers ... "Gregory whispered and leaned down.
She didn't say anything, her eyes were fixed on the last quarter moon, and her eyes were dim and thoughtful.
This fishing night decided everything after Gregory and Axel Niya.
There is also a "fishing" in the first film: Mikika borrows a "fish delivery" to Eliza's house, and they meet to go fishing. Early in the morning, they rowed to an island, and Micka raped Elizabeth in a state of semi-compulsion and semi-voluntariness. Gregory and Axel Niya, Mikika and Elizabeth all had a "fish" detail at the end of their date: Axel Niya was carrying a bag with victory (caught fish) on his shoulder and almost ran along the beach. When Mikika sent Elizabeth home, "a small carp and a snapper were lying at his feet. When they died, the fish's mouth was tightly closed like a cramp, staring at an eye with a yellow circle."
The author thinks that this is two different kinds of adultery, the former is full of energy and love, and the latter is humble carnal desire.
The love description of Gregory and Axel Niya in the book is in full swing, like magma eruption, spewing out:
Axel Niya is crazy about her late-maturing lover. Gregory secretly went to see her at night and came back the next morning, regardless of his father's worry.
For two weeks, he has been exhausted, like a horse that can't run far.
Because of insomnia at night, the brown skin on his face with high cheekbones turned blue, and his two shriveled black eyes looked out wearily from the sunken eyes.
Axel Niya walks without a headscarf, and the pit under her eyes is dark black; Her swollen and greedy lips gave an uneasy and provocative smile.
Their crazy love relationship is simply bizarre and blatant. Both of them are burning with the same shameless flame. They are neither afraid of people nor keep secrets from others. Neighbors looked at their faces thin and blue. Now whenever people meet them, I don't know why these people feel embarrassed to look at them.
We can't find such a description of love in the works of lev tolstoy, Pushkin or Gugenev. It's too rough and naked. The heat of life permeates the back of the paper, making readers blush and their hearts beat wildly. Especially when Gregory's father accused Axel Niya of being an elder, Axel Niya's invective was a bit brazen: "Why do you want to teach me a lesson?" Go teach your own big-ass bitch a lesson! ..... I don't want to see you this devil! " "Roll, roll where to go! As for your Gehrig Jia, I want to eat his bones! " But Axel Niya is not like Allen in War and Peace. She is not a snake with ulterior motives. She is not "seducing" Galigory, but "dedicating" herself. She clearly knew that all she could get from this love was the cruel beating of her husband and the gloating eyes of her neighbors, but she threw herself into the fire of love without hesitation. "You are not afraid to kill me! It's my Grisca! It's my man! " She proudly announced Pan Gucai to the old man. Even after Gregory was forced to marry Natalie, she still loved the eagle in her mind without any regrets. Axel Niya fearlessly meets suffering for love, making her a shining pearl in the palace of Russian literature. Her love is greater than Anna karenin's.
After Axel Niya's husband Skipan came back, Axel Niya was beaten up almost every day, but she still missed Gregory and looked forward to seeing him. Once I went to fetch water by the river, I really saw what I loved. At this time, the author wrote about fish, using fish to compare the joy of Ak Sernia:
A small fish splashed silver raindrops on the water. Behind the white sand beach on the other side of the river, you can see the tops of several old poplar trees that have been blown up by the wind. Axel Niya drew water with a bucket and lifted her skirt with her left hand above her knees. The river touched my legs and stomach which were propped up by garters. Axel Niya smiled softly and hesitantly for the first time since Skipan came home.
Gregory gave in to his father's pressure and married Natalie. This is a fatal blow to Axel Niya, who is shrouded in the shadow of Span's whip, but love is stronger than death:
As she walked, she bit the tip of her headscarf, and the voice of crying was about to rush out of her throat. She walked into the door and fell to the floor with tears in her eyes. She was breathless with pain, her head was dark and empty ... Then all this passed, but deep down in her heart, it seemed that something sharp was stabbing her and torturing her.
The straw that was trampled down by animals stood up again. As soon as the dew touches and the sun shines, the straw that fell to the ground will stand upright again; At first, it was like a person bent over by the weight of incompetence. Later, he straightened up and looked up. The sun shines on it again, and the wind makes it stagger. ...
Every night, when making out with her husband, Axel Niya thinks of another person, and hatred and great love are intertwined in her heart. New hatred and old hatred came to this woman's mind together, and she was determined to recapture Guereshi Jia from natalie cole Sunova, who had neither experienced pain nor love. Every night, she will come up with a bunch of ideas, blinking her dry eyes in the dark ... There is only one problem that is a firm decision, taking Grisca back from everyone's hands, soaking him with love and possessing him as before.
Exhausted by desire, Axel Niya turned to the witch for help. The witch took her to the river and said,
The cold spring at the bottom of the river ... passionate sensual enjoyment ... from the heart to the beast ... the devil of lovesickness ... with the holy cross ... the purest and most sacred virgin ... the slave of God Gregory. ...
Why do witches mention "cold springs at the bottom of rivers" when they do it? Is the "cold spring" a turbid current that muddies the Don River, or is it a salvation that douses the "longing"? The language in the book is vague.
However, Gregory did encounter "cold in the spring": this is his new wife Natalia. At the wedding, "Gregory frowned and kissed his wife's flat lips". What about Axel Niya's lips described in the book? She has two loose, greedy and fat lips. After marriage, when Gehrig made out with his wife according to her husband's responsibility, all she got from her was cold and anxious obedience. Natalie Niang reacted reluctantly to her husband's amorous feelings, because she was born from the womb, belonging to the bloodline of indifference and slowness, so Gregory thought of Axel Niya's crazy love and said with a sigh:
Natalie, your father must have planted you on an iceberg ... you are so cold.
The real "cold spring", enough to stir up the Don River, is war. The war disturbed the peaceful life of the Cossacks and changed the fate of the hero.