With the improvement of productivity, the development of social economy and the progress of culture and art, the school education in the Zhou Dynasty developed further on the basis of Xia and Shang Dynasties, and a well-organized academic system was established. "Ancient and Modern Books Integration" contains: "Zhou Cheng IV's system, four schools are located in the capital, Biyong is in the middle (that is, the schools are established), Dong Jiao is in the left (that is, the East Order), Zuo Zong is in the right (that is, the right school), and yaoyu is in the western suburbs. Pan Gong, who lives in the capital of the state of Hou, came down from his hometown and was embarrassed. It can be seen that the schools in the Western Zhou Dynasty are roughly divided into two levels: Chinese studies and rural studies. Chinese studies include the four studies of Jingshi and Pangu, and rural studies refer to "urgency".
The six subjects of educating aristocratic children in the Zhou Dynasty were called "Six Arts", namely etiquette, music, shooting, imperial examination, calligraphy and mathematics. "Six Arts" sprouted in the Xia Dynasty and was further improved in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "History of Guan Bao in Li Zhoudi" records: "Baodai admonished the king's evil and raised the son of the country with Tao. It is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five controls, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " "Rites" include politics, morality, behavior habits, etc. "Music" includes music, dance, poetry and so on. "Shooting" is the training of archery skills; "Imperial" is the cultivation of driving chariot technology; "Book" is literacy education. At that time, there was a literacy reader, Poem Shuan Pian-the first literacy textbook recorded in verse in China. "Number" includes the teaching of natural science and technology such as mathematics and religious technology. "Six Arts" education is characterized by equal emphasis on art and culture, knowledge and ability, and teaching due to age differences and different disciplines. Among the "six arts", the style of etiquette, music, shooting and imperial style is called "great art", which is an essential skill for nobles to engage in politics and should be studied in depth at the university level; Books and figures are called "small art", which are daily needs of people's livelihood and compulsory courses in primary schools. "Six Arts" serves the needs of slave owners, but it also reflects the universal law of education and has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
Chinese studies, including four studies in Jingshi and four studies in Pangong, were all owned by big noble, the great slave owner. Poetry, books, rites and music are the main learning contents, which are divided into universities and primary schools according to the age of students. Rural schools are places where children of small and medium-sized slave owners receive education, with books and numbers as their learning contents. Biyong was the highest institution of learning at that time. Biyong, also known as "Biyong", was originally a university set up by the Emperor of the Western Zhou Dynasty to educate aristocratic children. It is named after the surrounding water and is shaped like a jade ring. This matter has been recorded in the bronze inscription. "Book of Rites": "The university students are in the suburbs, the emperor says Biyong, and the princes say Pan Gong." Han's "White Tiger Tongbi Yong" said: "Jun is also a jade. Like a round wall, it is also the law of heaven, standing on the edge of Lishui, like enlightenment and popularization. " The Five Classics Yi Tong said: "Who is the son of heaven? Therefore, it is necessary to be polite, educate and teach people all over the world, make them gentlemen, raise three old people, serve the five watch, and be polite to the princes. " Pan Gong was a traditional school in China established by governors in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was smaller than Biyong and larger than rural schools, and was used to educate the children of a country's nobles. Because there is no distinction between politics and religion, Pan Palace is also a place to hold ceremonies such as drinking and offering prisoners. Its system is that there are pools on the east, west and south sides, which look like half a wall. Because half of them are in Biyong, they are called Pan Gong and Pan Shui. "Poetry Truffle Pan Shui": "Think of music and pan Shui, but light it. Lu Hou gave up drinking in Pan Pan ... it's obviously Lu Hou, it's obviously his virtue. It is both a palace and a suit. Jiao Jiao, the tiger minister, was called Bi Yong by Confucius and Pan Gong by the princes. " "Shuo Wen Shui Bu" Note: "Pan, the palace of the princes." During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the prince went to primary school at the age of eight and went to college at the age of fifteen. The eldest son of a public official, the eldest son of a doctor, went to primary school at the age of thirteen and went to college at the age of twenty. Other sons entered primary school at the age of 15.