Yantian is slow because the traffic is inconvenient. Although the Wu Tongshan Tunnel is free, not all working people have cars.
Reasons for the slow development of Henan Province
Geographical location (traffic)
According to the common sense of history and geography, the rise and prosperity of human civilization are all in the alluvial plain of rivers, the Nile basin, the two river basins, the Ganges basin and the Yellow River basin. There are the basic elements needed for the development and prosperity of farming civilization: water, warm climate and fertile plains.
However, does this law still apply in modern or contemporary times?
Let's take a look at the distribution map of major urban agglomerations in the world:
Obviously, from a global perspective, the most economically developed and densely populated urban belts are basically distributed in coastal areas, the east and west coasts of the United States, the east and west coasts of South America, the east and west coasts of China, and the urban agglomerations along the Japanese Pacific.
The formation of this situation stems from the great discovery of European geography in 15 ~ 17 century, when the European fleet opened up a large number of maritime trade routes, which greatly intensified the trade and cultural exchanges between East and West. With the further warming of modern economic globalization, trade plays an increasingly important role in social development, and no country or region develops in isolation.
Therefore, Henan is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains. Compared with the coastal areas, is its geographical position really good? Think about "mongolia navy": It is reported that mongolia navy is a naval force under the Mongolian government and the smallest naval force among the few countries with inland navies in the world, with only seven personnel.
As for railways, bulk cargo transportation is far less than sea transportation, and international trade is more natural. Of course, the China-Europe freight trains in Zhengzhou have made great progress. However, due to various uncertainties in the international political and military environment, the China-Europe Railway is still in the story-telling stage. This story makes Zhengzhou brag, but it is unrealistic to expect it to drive the development of the whole province.
Needless to say, the Yangtze River, the two major rivers in China, is still sailing alone, but the Yellow River is cut off every time it dries up. The Yangtze River supports a city belt along the Yangtze River, and Chongqing and Wuhan have benefited a lot so far. As for the Yellow River, in addition to gestating the Chinese civilization, its memories are frequent floods in modern times, rolling yellow mud soup, and the dry season of some sections.
02
Natural environment (plain)
Indeed, historically, the Central Plains has been a prosperous place for a long time. Apart from the dynasty in which Henan was its capital, even if it was not the capital, there were "Chang 'an heavy rangers and Luoyang rich talents". Because of the plain, Henan has plenty of food and clothing during the farming period, as did the Guanzhong Plain and Sichuan Basin in history, but in the era of modern industrialization and informationization, there are the following problems:
A, can agriculture get rich? Can it promote regional economic development?
The answer is obvious, needless to say. It may drive a family and a village to get rich, but it is almost impossible for a province to develop to a higher economic level by relying on agriculture. Even if Henan's agricultural industrialization is well done, at least some food giants such as Shuanghui, Sanquan and Missing have emerged.
B, since you can't get rich, why not vigorously develop industry?
This involves the positioning of the central policy, and there will be detailed cases below. In short, I am happy to see what the leaders inspect every time in Henan-"to ensure the increase of summer grain production and income".
Take coastal areas as an example. Except for Jiangsu and Shandong, most coastal provinces have no large plains. Zhejiang is commonly known as "seven mountains, two waters and half fields", so the plain topography is not the decisive factor of the current economic development, or at least the weight is not as big as you think.
03
Policy factors
1. Maybe friends from other places often hear your friends in Henan complain that the state does not give Henan a policy. You must say in your heart that except for a few developed provinces, everyone has no policy. Ok, let me analyze in detail whether the policy collapse in Henan is true.
A. Great Central China: The rise of Central China was finally put forward after the western development and the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China. I think the brothers in the central provinces know very well how much gold this policy contains: it is almost a slogan.
B It's also the central region: Tianjin is adjacent to Beijing in the north, Shanghai in the east, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the south and Chongqing in the west, with nothing in between.
C. Administrative level: There are basically sub-provincial cities in the three northeastern provinces and coastal provinces, Xi 'an in the west, Chengdu in the west and only one in the middle, but Wuhan.
D. State-level New District: Not to mention the southeast coast, but only the mainland: Lanzhou New District in Gansu, Xixian New Area in Shaanxi, Liangjiang New District in Chongqing, Tianfu New District in Sichuan, Gui 'an New District in Guizhou and Xiangjiang New District in Hunan. Unfortunately, Zhengzhou New District is still called a ghost town by the media together with the news of Lu Bianshe in the United States a few years ago.
E. Five key national urban agglomerations: Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, Middle Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration and Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration. We have nothing to do.
There is no sub-provincial level, no cities under separate state planning, no national new district, and there are not many regional institutions in Henan. Only Zhengzhou Railway Bureau can get it, and it has already been divided. Hehe, a friend said that we have nothing in Shanxi and Anhui. Yes, I admit it, so did I mention that you are developing well?
Just give an example.
The campus of the author's freshman is a junior college in the suburbs of Zhengzhou. Yes, our undergraduate school rented a teaching building and several dormitory buildings for freshmen on the campus of a junior college, and it was parasitic on other people's campuses for one year. The reason is that the new campus has not been built, and the reason why the new campus has not been built is that the land requisitioned a few years ago said that the illegal occupation of cultivated land would be stopped. Our school lasted for several years. Four grades lived in three different campuses, a rented campus, an old campus and a new campus under construction. Before the opening of the new campus, tens of thousands of people poured into the old campus covering an area of more than 200 acres, and a considerable number of students lived in dormitories rented by the school. This is the case. Even if the new campus is basically completed now, it only covers an area of 1500 mu. Is it extravagant? (Linyi University 7000 mu, Nanchang University 8000 mu, Sichuan University 7050 mu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 6780 mu, Sun Yat-sen University and Southwest University nearly 10000 mu).
Our school is not a special case in Henan. The land acquisition of schools in Longzihu University Town is generally not smooth. The students of the Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics have all moved in, and the scaffolding has not been removed.
Even after the completion, it was exposed by CCTV reporters. The whole Longzihu University Town has been photographed, and our school bears the brunt. The reason is that it occupies fertile land.
Students from other provinces need to study, while those from Henan only need to grow vegetables, hehe.
I saw that some netizens mentioned that although Henan has a high grain output, it has a large population, which is basically enough for itself. Then the per capita grain output of each province (about 20 10 year) is given. It should be noted that the national per capita grain consumption in 2010 year is about 47 1 kg.
As can be seen from the table, except for the top six or seven provinces, the per capita output of other provinces is lower than the per capita consumption, so it is impossible to achieve self-sufficiency. Although the data is not up to date, according to the growth trend of output and consumption, it will be normal for more than two-thirds of provinces and regions in China to be self-sufficient, in other words, they need to rely on others to feed. Apart from the sparsely populated northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Xinjiang are densely populated Henan and Anhui, all of which are economically underdeveloped. He is my brother.
04
Own factor
1, regional character
A. Since ancient times, the Central Plains has been a battleground for military strategists. War and peace took turns, Luoyang city was destroyed several times, Kaifeng city was stacked one after another, there was a great famine, and Huayuankou burst its banks. People in the Central Plains witnessed the change of dynasties, and finally developed a character of resignation, unlike the hospitality of Qilu in the three northeastern provinces, the shrewdness of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the bashfulness of Sichuan and Chongqing. Lack of clear regional characteristics, lack of motivation, lack of toughness. Compared with coastal areas and even Sichuan and Hunan, they lack the courage to think and act. Many people go out to work, but few people go out to start businesses.
2. The relocation of the provincial capital leads to insufficient primacy of the provincial capital.
It is difficult for inland provinces to support multi-core development, not to mention the cluster economy like Jiangsu and Shandong (the general economic level of cities in the province is relatively high). Some people say that Henan's development is relatively balanced because the overall level is low. It is said that others have an advantage in a city. Didn't you find that the GDP of Xiangyang in Yichang, Hubei Province will soon surpass that of Luoyang?
Zhengzhou is far from Wuhan, but Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang and Nanyang in the province are still advancing at a high speed. Zhengzhou is far from Chengdu, while Henan's per capita GDP is only one millimeter ahead of Sichuan. Therefore, it is necessary for inland provinces to improve the leading role of provincial capital cities. But Zhengzhou has been overtaken by Changsha, getting farther and farther.
Select several provinces that are relatively close to Henan's economic development level, such as Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui and Hebei. Among them, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Hefei, Anhui and Zhengzhou, Henan are all provincial capital cities after relocation, and their popularity and influence in China are relatively poor, while Xi 'an, Shaanxi, Wuhan, Hubei and Chengdu, Sichuan are just the opposite.
Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang used to be county towns and villages, respectively, with little industrial base and popularity. They overestimated the impact of railways on economic development, and they all fell into an embarrassing situation after becoming provincial capitals. Shijiazhuang suffered from the eyes of Tangshan and Baoding in the province, and Luoyang was indignant at Zhengzhou.
A, Zhengzhou and Luoyang, the two most developed cities in the province, are too close. Siphon effect causes two cities to consume each other's production factors. As a direct result, the development of Zhengzhou is not as fast as expected, while the development of Luoyang is getting slower and slower. You know, Luoyang was the largest city in the province for quite some time after it moved to the provincial capital.
B, if the provincial capital has not moved, it will still be Kaifeng (the diamond position above the green line). It is conceivable that the eastern part of Henan (Kaifeng, Shangqiu and Zhoukou) is no longer what it is today, while Luoyang, because it is far away from Kaifeng, can still ensure a considerable development speed and volume to drive the western part of Henan. At the same time, the re-establishment of a prefecture-level city in Zhengzhou will also develop well because of the intersection of the new line of Longhai and Lanzhou. In this way, the development of the entire Longhai Line in Henan will be better, and eastern Henan will not collapse like today.
C. There is a lack of regional central cities (rhombic position below the Green Line) in the vast area of southern Henan. Because of the long distance, the centripetal force between Xinyang Nanyang and Zhengzhou is already weak, and the radiation capacity of Zhengzhou is limited. At the same time, Zhengzhou Railway Bureau was split and Wuhan Railway Bureau was established. As a result, Xinyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Luohe and even Pingdingshan in southern Henan are under the jurisdiction of Wuhan Railway Bureau.
3, higher education, this will not be said, hehe.
4. The degree of agricultural industrialization is still too low. Compared with neighboring Shandong, Henan's agriculture is almost still in the stage of small-scale peasant economy. There are a large number of professional agricultural cooperatives in Shandong, which grow vegetables and fruits on a large scale. Shouguang's green onions, garlic and Yantai apples are famous all over the country, which is why Shandong gives people a feeling of "soil but not poverty".