China's high-level law graduate education includes law graduate students and law professional degree graduate students.
Postgraduates of master of law mainly recruit undergraduates majoring in law, which are divided into legal theory, legal history, constitutional law and administrative law, criminal law, civil and commercial law, procedural law, economic law, international law and other majors, and mainly train specialized talents for legal teaching, scientific research and practice departments.
Master of Laws (JM) only recruits non-law majors (including equivalent academic qualifications), and no longer divides them into specific majors. Its knowledge structure is broad-caliber, thick-based and compound, and it mainly cultivates universal talents for legal practice departments.
The professional degree of master of law and the master of law are at the same level, each with its own emphasis. The former is an applied and compound senior legal talent, while the latter is an academic and professional senior legal talent. In the long run, with the development of postgraduate education in law, teaching and scientific research talents should be trained mainly through doctor of law education, and master of law will gradually decrease and eventually merge with master of law. As a bridge between the preceding and the following, the professional degree of Master of Laws will provide talents for legal practice departments on the one hand, and a broad source of students for doctor of law education on the other.
I. Introduction of LLM Postgraduates
The professional degree of Master of Laws (JM) was introduced from the United States, Britain and other western countries. It requires candidates to have a professional degree and a specific legal background. It is to train high-level compound and applied legal talents with both ability and political integrity for practical departments to meet the needs of socialist market economy and socialist democracy and legal system construction. The the State Council Academic Degrees Committee of our government and the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of this new degree in 1996. Since 2000, law graduates are no longer allowed to apply for the exam, and only illegal graduates are recruited. Mainly for the legislative, judicial, administrative law enforcement, legal services, social politics, public management, economic management and other departments to train senior compound and applied senior legal talents with both ability and political integrity to meet the needs of the socialist market and the construction of socialist legal system.
Master of Laws Admissions Institution
Postgraduate education of LLM was founded in the mid-1990s, which was established with the development of the rule of law in China, accelerating the integration with international legal education and meeting the social demand for senior legal talents.
65438-0996 Approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, eight universities including Peking University, China Renmin University and China University of Political Science and Law tried to recruit LLM graduates for the first time. By 2004, the state had approved 45 universities to recruit LLM graduates, namely:
1996 The first batch was approved: Peking University, China Renmin University, China University of Political Science and Law, university of international business and economics, Jilin University, Wuhan University, East China University of Political Science and Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law.
1997 second batch: Xiamen University, Nanjing University, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, northwest university of politics and law.
1998 The third batch was approved: Fudan University, Zhejiang University, Heilongjiang University, Xiangtan University, Sichuan University, Anhui University, Suzhou University, Shandong University and Zhengzhou University.
1999 the fourth batch was approved: Tsinghua University, Liaoning University, Nankai University, Shanxi University, Lanzhou University and Yunnan University.
The fifth batch approved in 2003: People's Public Security University of China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Henan University, Yantai University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Hunan University, Hainan University, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics and Guizhou University.
The sixth batch approved in 2004: Dalian Maritime University, Hunan Normal University, Huazhong Normal University, Fuzhou University, Inner Mongolia University and Xi Political College of PLA.
Types of Master of Laws
The first one is a master of law who takes the entrance examination of 39 universities every year 1 month. The enrollment targets are non-law graduates (including equivalent academic qualifications). The examination subjects are politics and foreign languages, and the national joint examination is implemented for basic courses and comprehensive courses. The examination books are the Outline of the Joint Examination for Master of Laws and the Guide to the Joint Examination for Master of Laws published by Renmin University of China Press. Admission categories include unplanned orientation, planned orientation, unplanned entrusted training and unplanned self-expense. Learning methods include full-time learning and non-full-time learning, and master's diploma and master's degree certificate are obtained after graduation.
The second type is an on-the-job master of law who takes the entrance examination of 39 universities in China every year 10. The enrollment targets are in-service legal workers with legal or non-legal majors. Except politics, the examination subjects are put forward by the school itself, and the national joint examination is carried out for foreign languages and three professional courses. The examination books are the Outline of the Joint Examination for Master of Laws and the Guide to the Joint Examination for Master of Laws published by Renmin University of China Press. After entering the school, all of them are entrusted training, and they study on the job and get a master's degree certificate when they graduate.
Admission categories of master of laws
1. Planned directional training: according to the national enrollment plan, students' household registration and personnel files will be transferred to schools, and the training funds will be provided by the state. After graduation, under the guidance of the national plan, students choose to volunteer, the school recommends, and the employer selects the best.
2. Planned targeted training: According to the national enrollment plan, targeted units, students and schools sign targeted training contracts when enrolling students, and the training funds are provided by the state. Work in a directional unit according to the contract after graduation.
3. Unplanned entrusted training: When enrolling students, the entrusting unit, students and the school sign entrusted training contracts, and the students' household registration and personnel files are not transferred. The training funds shall be borne by the entrusting unit, who will work in the entrusting unit according to the contract after graduation.
4. Unplanned self-raised funds: When enrolling students, students sign a contract with the school and the training funds are borne by the students themselves. Students' household registration and personnel files will be transferred to the school. After graduation, students choose to volunteer, the school recommends, and the employer chooses the best employment.
The fees for unplanned entrusted training and self-funded training vary from school to school, generally ranging from 7000 yuan to 14000 yuan per year.
Master of law teaching
LLM adopts two learning methods: full-time learning and part-time learning. Full-time study lasts for two to three years, and part-time study does not exceed four years. In teaching, LLM pays attention to classroom teaching, case teaching and the cultivation of practical operation ability. The teaching content is set according to the first-level discipline of law, and the credit system is implemented, including compulsory courses and elective courses. The compulsory course is 30 credits, and the total credits shall not be less than 45 credits. The Master of Laws is collectively trained by the tutor group, which is composed of full-time and associate professors with postgraduate tutor qualifications in various majors, and is attended by senior professional and technical personnel from legal practice departments. Master's degree thesis focuses on students' hobbies and original professional background, and the number of words is generally not less than 20 thousand words.
Apply for qualification
Candidates must meet one of the following conditions:
1, the state recognizes undergraduate graduates.
2. On-the-job personnel with a nationally recognized undergraduate degree.
3. Persons who have reached the same academic level as undergraduate graduates and have met the specific business requirements put forward by the admissions unit for candidates according to the training objectives of the unit for more than two years (from junior college graduation to September of the year of admission of master students); Undergraduate graduates with nationally recognized academic qualifications and recent graduates of adult colleges and universities apply for the exam with lifelong equivalent undergraduate qualifications.
4. You can also take the self-study exam and get a diploma.
Candidates studying in colleges and universities are non-law majors, and the following 13 majors are not allowed to apply: law, economic law, international law, international economic law, labor reform law, commercial law, notarization, legal affairs, administrative law, lawyers, foreign-related economic law, intellectual property law and criminal law.
hour of log-on
Registration time: LLM registration time is the same as the time to take part in the national postgraduate entrance examination, generally in the middle of June each year 165438+ 10. (The incumbent is usually in July)
Registration process
(A) candidates to fill in the letter of commitment to integrity
The Ministry of Education requires that, starting from this year, candidates should sign the Letter of Commitment on Integrity Examination for Postgraduate Candidates, so as to safeguard the fairness and justice of the national unified education examination, strengthen the education of candidates' compliance with examination discipline, strengthen the self-discipline awareness of candidates, and create an honest and trustworthy examination environment.
Full trial online registration
(Starting from this year, online enrollment for graduate students will be implemented nationwide. Candidates log on to the Graduate Admissions Information Network of China (www.chinayz.com.cn) within the specified time (1October 8th at 8:00-23:00 65438-3 1), fill in their own registration information according to the prompts and requirements of the registration website, and then log on to1October165433. If there are any changes in 2006, the LLM channel of the senior high school entrance examination online (www.kao100.com) will be announced as soon as possible, so please pay attention. )
(3) Precautions:
1. Candidates who take the "LLM Entrance Examination" can fill in two institutions that are trying to set up LLM degrees.
2. Choose any foreign language to take the exam according to the regulations of the admissions unit.
3. Applicants with the same academic qualifications should truthfully fill in the learning situation and provide real materials according to the requirements of the admissions unit.
4. When filling in the registration form, the corresponding items should be consistent with the registered machine-readable card. If there is any discrepancy between the two, the machine-readable card shall prevail, and the consequences caused by mistakes shall be borne by the candidates themselves.
Master of Laws Entrance Examination
(1) initial test
1, the entrance examination is divided into initial examination and second examination.
2. Date of initial examination: The Ministry of Education uniformly stipulates the time for the national postgraduate entrance examination, which is generally 1 month every year. (In-service is usually 10 month)
3. There are four subjects in 3.LLM entrance examination: politics, foreign languages, specialized course I (civil law, criminal law) and specialized course II (jurisprudence, constitution, Chinese legal history). Among them, the national unified examination paper is used for political foreign languages, and the propositions of two business courses are borne by the examination center of the Ministry of Education.
(2) Second interview
1. The time, place, subjects and methods of the second interview shall be determined by the admissions unit, and the methods and procedures of the second interview shall be announced by the admissions unit, and the second interview shall generally end before the first ten days of May.
2. The Ministry of Education, according to the postgraduate training objectives, combined with the annual national postgraduate enrollment plan and candidates' sources, as well as the overall preliminary examination, determines the basic requirements for re-examination, implements a unified minimum re-examination score line for fresh graduates and non-fresh graduates, and puts forward the requirements for the total score of examination subjects and the scores of single subjects for applying for the master of laws degree; The enrollment unit generally carries out the difference retest, which meets the basic requirements of the retest. However, candidates who cannot be admitted due to enrollment quota restrictions may not be transferred to other disciplines, and candidates who have not participated in the "French-Master Joint Examination" may not be transferred to the Master of Laws major.
At that time, please pay attention to the information about exams on China Exam Online.
physical examination
Candidates should go to the designated secondary hospital for physical examination in accordance with the provisions of the admissions unit, and the specific requirements should be stated by the admissions unit in the re-examination notice.
admit
The enrollment unit shall determine the enrollment list according to the enrollment plan issued by the state, the results of candidates' entrance examination (including preliminary examination and second examination), ideological and political performance, professional quality and physical health. Candidates who take the LLM entrance examination can be admitted as oriented or planned national students, or as master students entrusted by the admissions unit or at their own expense.
Master of Laws and Master of Laws are two completely different concepts, and they are very different.
First, the application conditions are different and the application requirements are different.
The postgraduate education of law in China includes master of law and master of law. To apply for a master's degree in law, you must have a bachelor's degree in national education (or equivalent to a bachelor's degree) and the equivalent undergraduate graduates must work for more than two years; University graduates with equivalent education must work for more than three years. No matter what major you study, as long as you are an undergraduate (but mainly majoring in law), you can apply for a master's degree in law, but you can't recruit non-undergraduate students with the same education.
Second, the enrollment method is different from the examination questions. The Master of Law has been admitted through the joint entrance examination of the national pilot unit of Master of Law, and the Master of Law is a separate proposition (except public courses) for colleges and universities that are qualified to recruit Master of Law students. Only a few universities in China have the right to enroll master of laws; However, national key universities and some ordinary undergraduate colleges are generally qualified to recruit master of law.
Third, the educational methods and training objectives are different. Every LLM has a tutor, who can get comprehensive guidance and in-depth study of legal theory during his study. Therefore, the division of LLM specialty is fine, and the research field generally has only one direction, but the research has great depth. The training direction is mainly academic research, scientific research and teaching, and senior theoretical academic legal talents are trained in universities and research institutes.
Master of laws, regardless of major, generally has no tutor, and generally chooses one direction to study when entering school. Pay attention to practice and application, and train high-level compound and applied legal talents such as lawyers, judges, prosecutors and corporate legal advisers for the judicial, administrative law enforcement, legal services and legal supervision departments and social public management departments.
In addition, the enrollment details of Fashuo are as follows:
? What are the special requirements for applying for a master of law?
Non-law graduates who support China's GCD leadership, are willing to serve socialist modernization, have good moral character, physical and mental health, abide by the law, and have a bachelor's degree in national education (or equivalent to a bachelor's degree). Undergraduate graduates with equivalent education must work for more than two years. University graduates with equivalent education must work for more than three years.
? Conditions for candidates with equivalent academic qualifications to apply for Fa Master's degree:
Undergraduate equivalent refers to students who have not obtained a nationally recognized undergraduate degree, but whose business level has reached the undergraduate graduation level. The basic requirements for applying for an equivalent master's degree are:
(1) graduated from junior college for two years or more (from graduation to September of the year of admission in general schools 1).
(2) Fresh graduates of adult education (because fresh graduates of adult education did not obtain a bachelor's degree when applying for the exam, that is, in the middle of June every year 165438+ 10, they can only apply for the exam with the same academic ability).
(3) Undergraduate graduates with academic qualifications recognized by the state.
(4) candidates with party school education.
On the basis of the basic provisions of the state, schools that recruit candidates with the same academic qualifications to study for master of laws will set stricter conditions for candidates with the same academic qualifications according to the actual situation of the candidates: for example, they must pass the CET-4; Published a thesis equivalent to a bachelor's degree. In addition, several major undergraduate courses will be added to the candidates with the same academic ability in the second interview. In addition, some colleges and universities only recruit undergraduate candidates, not candidates with the same academic ability. Therefore, candidates with the same academic level must first look through the enrollment brochures of various schools before entering the exam, and then choose the institutions that suit them, and then prepare to enter the exam.
Peking University, Tsinghua University, China Renmin University, Sun Yat-sen University, university of international business and economics, Anhui University, etc. There are strict restrictions on candidates with the same academic qualifications to apply for master of law. The so-called strict application means that candidates generally need to have a certificate of CET-4 or even CET-6, or publish several papers in core journals. For example, Peking University requires candidates with the same academic level to reach CET-4, publish more than two academic papers in national core journals, and try two major university courses during the second interview; People's University of China also requires candidates with the same academic level to reach CET-4, publish more than 3 papers publicly, take 2 undergraduate majors in the re-examination, and submit a thesis equivalent to a bachelor's degree in the re-examination, not less than 654.38+0.00000 words; Sun Yat-sen University requires candidates with the same academic level to publish more than 2 academic papers in provincial academic journals, among which the first author's paper is not less than 1 article, or has won the scientific research achievement award at or above the municipal level (including the municipal level) related to the scope of discipline and specialty, and is the main finisher.
Schools with certain requirements for applying for LLM with equivalent academic qualifications include Wuhan University, Jilin University, East China University of Political Science and Law, Zhejiang University and northwest university of politics and law. The so-called certain requirements mean that generally only four certificates are needed, and there is no need to publish papers in newspapers.
There are basically no special requirements for applying for a master of law with the same academic qualifications, including Nanjing University, Shanxi University, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou University, Shandong University, Suzhou University and Sichuan University. There are basically no special requirements for applying for LLM with the same academic level, that is to say, as long as the candidates with the same academic level have the general conditions stipulated by the state (that is, the basic education and other general conditions of the four types of candidates listed at the beginning of the article), there are no restrictions on the English grade certificate and the publication of papers except the main undergraduate courses.
? Master of Laws Examination Method
With the approval of the Ministry of Education, starting from 2000, the entrance examination for master of law graduates was tried out in the national joint examination for master of law pilot units. The examination subjects are political theory (literature), foreign languages, civil law, criminal law and comprehensive examination (including constitution, basic theory of law and Chinese legal history). Among them, political theory (literature) and foreign language exams take part in the national joint entrance examination for graduate students studying for master's degrees. Civil law, criminal law, comprehensive examination and other business examination subjects are national joint examination subjects. The scope and requirements of the joint entrance examination are based on the Outline of the Joint Entrance Examination for Master of Laws organized by the National Master of Laws Education Steering Committee and the Guide to the Joint Entrance Examination for Master of Laws organized by the College Students Department of the Ministry of Education, the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Office and the Law Education Department of the Ministry of Justice (published by Renmin University of China Press).
In 2005, China University ranked among the top 100 law schools.
On June 5438+ 10, 2005, the research group of "China University Evaluation" led by Wu Shulian published the list of top universities in China in 2005 and the selection criteria.
The research group of China University Evaluation believes that the first-class universities in China are the top universities in China, representing the highest academic level of all disciplines in China University. For high school graduates, they usually have excellent academic performance, hoping to enter the best universities in China to receive the best professional education and become the elite of China society in the future. You can apply for the best major in the first-class universities in China.
Top 80 Law Schools of China University in 2005.
Name of ranked grade school
1 A++ Peking University
2 A++ China Renmin University
3 A++ Wuhan University
4 A+ China University of Political Science and Law
5 A+ Fudan University
6 A+ Tsinghua University
7 A+ Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
8 A Jilin University
9 Zhejiang University
10 Southwest University of Political Science and Law
1 1 Sun Yat-sen University
12 A Xiamen university
13 East China University of Political Science and Law a
14 A Nanjing university
15 Nankai University
16 east China normal university a
17 B+ Suzhou University
18 B+ Shandong university
19 B+ Huazhong Normal University
20 B+ Sichuan university
2 1 B+ Nanjing Normal University
22 B+ Jinan University
23 B+ Beijing Normal University
24 B+ Foreign Affairs College
25 B+ Yunnan university
26 B+ Huazhong University of Science and Technology
28 B+ Shanxi university
27 B+ Minzu University of China
29 B+ Shanghai university
30 B+ northwest politics and law college
3 1 B+ Capital Normal University
32 B+ Zhengzhou university
33 B+ South China Normal University
34 B Anhui university
35 B Lanzhou university
36 B Xiangtan university
37 B Hubei university
38 B Henan university
39 B Hunan normal university
40 B Heilongjiang university
4 1 B south-central university for nationalities
42 B Hunan university
43 B Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
44 B China Youth University for Political Science
45 B northeast normal university
46 B people's public security university of China
47 B Hebei university
48 B Yangzhou university
49 B Shenzhen university
50 B Guangdong business college
5 1 B Yunnan University for Nationalities
52 B Guangxi University for Nationalities
53 B Yantai university
54 B inner Mongolia university
55 B Ningbo university
56 C+ Northwest University
57 C+ Tianjin Normal University
58 C+Liaoning University
59 C+ Chinese university of science and technology
60 C+Central South University
6 1 C+ Xinjiang university
62 C+ Fujian Normal University
63 C+ Southwest Normal University
64 C+ Shantou University
65 C+ Northwest Normal University
66 C+ Hebei Normal University
67 C+ Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
68 C+ Zhejiang Normal University
69 C+ university of international business and economics
70 degrees Celsius+Tongji University
7 1 C+ Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
72 C+ Shandong Normal University
73 C+ Harbin Institute of Technology
74 C+ University of Science and Technology Beijing
75 C+ Southwest University for Nationalities
76 C+ Henan Normal University
77 C+ Xi An Jiaotong University
78 C+ capital university of economics and business
79 C+ Nantong University
80 C+ Qufu Normal University