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How to find the tension at any point on the rope (by integral)
There is no need to use integral in this problem.

First of all, both the object and the rope are subjected to F force, and there is no friction resistance, so it is necessary to do uniform and accelerated linear motion. According to the second law of cattle:

F==(m+m')*a

The acceleration of the solution is a = = F/(m+m')

Then take a point at will. The distance m' from the point to the object is x, and the linear density is constant m/l because the linear mass distribution is uniform. At this time, put on Zhang Liwei T.

Now consider the X-length rope and the object as a whole, so the pulling force T is the motive force of the whole movement.

t = =(x * m/l+m ')* a = =(x * m/l+m ')* F/(m+m ')