Peking Opera is one of the traditional operas formed in Beijing with a history of nearly 200 years. On the basis of Anhui Opera and Han Opera, it gradually evolved by absorbing the advantages and specialties of some operas such as Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera.

Huizhou Opera entered Beijing in A.D. 1790 (the 55th year of Qing Qianlong). The earliest Huizhou Opera Troupe entered Beijing was the prestigious "Sanqing Class" in Anhui. Later, there were four classes in Beijing, such as "Four Happiness", "River Lip" and "Chuntai", which were collectively called "Huizhou Class Four".

The name of Peking Opera first appeared in Shenbao in the second year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1876). Historically, it has been called Pihuang, Huang Er, Huang Qiang, Peking Opera, Pingju, National Opera and so on. After entering Beijing in the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), Sihui Class became attached to Kunqu Opera, Han Opera and Yiyang Opera in Beijing.

Peking Opera, formerly known as Huizhou Opera, was popular in the south of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty. It mainly sang and blew tunes, played high notes and played Huang Er. Huiban has strong mobility, frequent contact with other operas, and mutual communication and infiltration in vocal cavity. Therefore, in the process of development, it also performed many Kunqu operas, and also absorbed Luoluo cavity and other zaju.

In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Peking Opera spread to Shanghai. The newly-built Man Tingfang Theatre was invited to Beijing from Tianjin and was welcomed by the audience. In the same year, Tan Gui Tea Garden invited a large number of famous Peking Opera actors through Beijing Sanqing Class, including Xia (the father of Run), Xiong Jingui (the father of children) and Hua Dan Feng Sanxi (the father of Feng).

They all settled in Shanghai and became a southern Peking Opera family centered on Shanghai. Later, more Beijing corners went south one after another, such as Zhou Chunkui, Sun Juxian, Yang Yuelou, Sun Chunheng, Huang Yueshan, Li Chunlai, Liu Yongchun, Bangzi, Hua Dan and Tian Jiyun, making Shanghai another Peking Opera center alongside Beijing.

Before Beijing Opera entered Shanghai, that is, after the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), it spread rapidly all over the country with business trips and theatrical performances. For example, Tianjin and its surrounding Hebei area are one of the earliest areas where Peking Opera spread.

19 19, Mei Lanfang led a troupe to perform in Japan, and Peking Opera first spread overseas. 1924 led a delegation to perform in Japan again, 1930 led a crew of 20 people to visit the United States, which was a great success. 1934 was invited to visit Europe and perform in the Soviet Union, which attracted the attention of European drama circles. Since then, Peking Opera has been regarded as a school of drama in China all over the world.

The role of Beijing opera is divided into seven lines: health, Dan, purity, ugliness, martial arts and fashion (walk-on), and then into four lines: health, Dan, purity and ugliness.

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Since the formation of Beijing Opera, a large number of outstanding actors have emerged:

Mei Lanfang is one of the most outstanding Peking Opera performers. Representative plays include Cosmic Front, Farewell My Concubine, Drunkenness of the Imperial Lady, Broken Bridge in Water War, Strange Couples, Dream in the Garden, King Mu Kezhai, Mulan Joining the Army, Anti-Jin Bing, Life and Death Hate, Xi Stone, Luo Shen's Old Age and so on.

There are old classmates, Zhang Erkui, Sun Juxian, Wang Xiaonong, Wang Hongshou, Yan Ju Peng, Zhou Xinfang, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Tan Fuying and Li Shaochun.

Xiao Sheng, Xu Xiaoxiang, Cheng Jixian, Jiang Miaoxiang and Ye Shenglan.

Present were, Huang Yueshan,,, Shang, Li, etc.

Dan Jiao Mei Qiaoling, Yu Ziyun, Tian Guifeng, Mei Lanfang, Cheng, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Feng, Xiao Cuihua, Gong Yunfu, Li Duokui, etc.

Jing Jiao Mu Fengshan, Huang Runfu, He Guishan, Qiu Guixian, Qiu et al.

Clown Liu Gansan, Yang Mingyu (originally Kunqu Opera, joined Beijing Class), Wang Changlin, Xiao Changhua, etc.

In addition, there are famous pianists such as Sun, Mei Tian,,, and so on. Famous drummers include Hang, Bai and Wang.

They have made great contributions to the innovation and development of Beijing opera singing, performance, repertoire and character modeling, and formed many influential schools.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Peking Opera