The name of the country comes from the Kaddo language "tejas" of the Hasainai nationality in India, which means "friend" or "ally". When Spanish explorers named Texas, they mistook this word for a place name, which has been used ever since.
administrative division
The capital is Austin. The major cities are Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, Fort Worth and El Paso.
Houston is the largest city in Texas, the fourth largest city in the United States and the fifth largest metropolitan area in the United States. Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area is the largest in Texas and the fourth largest in the United States. San Antonio is the second largest city in Texas and the seventh largest city in the United States.
geographical environment
zone
The state can be divided into four main geographical regions: the coastal plain of Xiwan, the central plain in the north, the Great Plains and pecos. One third of southeastern Texas belongs to the coastal plain of Xiwan; The northern central plain extends from the central part of Texas to the eastern part of the narrow strip, which is basically some hills and valleys without trees. The Great Plains, located in the west of the northern central plains, is a part of the prairie that extends all the way to Canada. Pecos District, located in the west of Texas, is an arid area with magnificent scenery and rocks.
hydrology
The main rivers in Texas are: Rio Grande, Pecos River and Red River.
climate
Dezhou basically belongs to temperate climate, while parts of the south belong to subtropical climate. It is warm in winter and hot in summer, and the average temperature varies greatly among regions. Rainfall varies from place to place, with an average annual rainfall of 666 mm. The sea area is humid and the inland is dry. There are many rainstorms in the east and north in summer, and there are many tornadoes in the north from April to June every year. There are many hurricanes in the southeast coast of the Gulf of Mexico from June to 1 1 every year.
natural resource
Natural gas resources were discovered in barnett shale of Mississippi system in Fort Worth basin in north-central Texas. In Bend Dome-Fort Worth basin, the definition of barnett- Paleozoic total oil and gas system includes Barnett shale distribution area rich in organic matter, which is the main source rock of Paleozoic carbonate rock and clastic rock reservoir. By the end of 2005, about 3,500 vertical wells and 1000 horizontal wells have been completed, of which more than 85% wells were completed after 1999.
Wind power Texas ranks first in the United States.
Population and nationality
The residents of Texas are often called "Texans". Texans and Texans have different meanings in English. Texans refer to Texans between 1836 and 1845, while Texans refer to Texans when Texas was one of the States in the United States after 1845.
In the 2003 census, there were 22,118,509 people in Texas. Nearly a third of them are Latinos. Some of these Hispanic residents are immigrants from Mexico, and most of them are illegal immigrants. There are also many from Brazil. As for other residents, Tejano (Tejano or Texano, Spanish "Texas") lived here before the independence movement in Texas, with a long history.
General situation of economy
Texas occupies an important position in the American economy, with a GDP of1397.4 billion US dollars in 20 12 (up 4.8% year-on-year, the second largest increase in the United States), accounting for 9% of the total American economy and ranking second among the 50 States in the United States. Known as the "leader" of American economic recovery. Cattle industry is developed in history, and Texas is famous for its cowboy image. The great discovery of oil in the early 20th century promoted economic prosperity. Since 1980s, economic diversification and high-tech industries have emerged. Dezhou's energy, petrochemical, agriculture, electronics, aerospace, biomedicine and other industries are relatively developed. 57 Fortune 500 companies settled in Texas.
education
According to the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, educational norms belong to the legislative category of each state. However, the federal government of the United States also influences state governments through legislation and conditional grants. For example, stop praying before class and end apartheid in schools. Some legislation in the United States Congress will also affect schools in various states. For example, the American Disability Act of 1990 requires all public buildings and educational institutions to provide services for the disabled, which makes the Texas legislature have to legislate to increase taxes to pay the corresponding fees.
The main public university systems in Texas are: Texas University System, Texas A&M University System, Houston University System, Texas State University System, Texas University of Science and Technology System, Texas State Technical College System, and some regional community college systems, such as Houston Community College System. Famous private universities include Rice University in Houston and Baylor Medical College.
scientific research
Dezhou scientific research institutions have outstanding scientific and technological advantages in the fields of energy and chemical industry, medical and health care, aerospace, biology, agronomy, electronics and new materials.
Known as the "oil capital of the world", Houston has concentrated the research and development institutions of major energy companies in the United States. The most prestigious World Ocean Technology Conference (OTC) in offshore oil industry has been held in Houston every May since 1969.
The Texas Medical Center in Houston is the largest medical city in the world, especially famous for its basic research and clinical practice in the fields of tumor diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular, genomics, biological defense and infectious diseases, and biological nanotechnology.
Johnson Space Center is one of the nine largest space centers in the United States. It is now the ground control center of the International Space Station, the manned flight control center of the United States and the main training base for American astronauts.
Austin and Dafu are among the best in IT industry research and development in the United States. Austin has a famous science industrial park in Texas, and major integrated circuit manufacturers in the United States have set up chip design centers in this city.