1, Ming tombs

The Ming Tombs are located at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, at the foot of Mount Everest in Dulong House. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in the east and Meihua Mountain in the south. Located in Zhongshan Scenic Area, it is the burial tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress.

The Ming Tombs were built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1). Ma Huanghou died the following year and was buried in Xiaoling in September, named "Xiaoling". The name of Xiao Ling takes its meaning from the word "filial piety" and means "ruling the world with filial piety". It is named after Ma Huanghou's "filial piety".

In the thirty-first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, collapsed in Yingtianfu, so he opened the underground palace and buried with Ma Huanghou. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 13), the "Monument of Divine Power and Virtue in Daming Tomb" was built, and the whole Xiaoling Mausoleum was completed, which lasted for more than 30 years.

It has a large scale and magnificent architecture, and its shape is improved with reference to the tombs of emperors in Tang and Song Dynasties. When it was completed, the temples were magnificent and the pavilions were magnificent. Half of the 70 monasteries in the Southern Dynasties were enclosed in forbidden gardens.

At that time, the imperial wall from Chaoyangmen (now Zhongshan Gate) to Xiaolingwei in the northwest of the mausoleum was 45 Li Long, and more than 5,000 soldiers guarded the mausoleum. At that time, the pavilions and terraces in the cemetery were connected, the hall was filled with smoke, and there were thousands of deer. Luming Literature in this period, the momentum is extraordinary.

In the 16th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1383), the main projects such as Xiaoling Palace were basically completed, and 654.38+million military workers were mobilized successively until the completion of the 3rd year of Yongle (1405), which lasted for 25 years. Its overall layout is divided into two parts: one is the Shinto that guides the building, and the other is the main building of the mausoleum.

In the thirty-first year of Ming Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, died and was buried in Xiaoling. The underground palace where Zhu Yuanzhang and the Empress were buried together, commonly known as "Baocheng", is a large dome with a diameter of about 400 meters and surrounded by stone walls. ?

In June of the fourth year of Wen Jian in Ming Dynasty (1402), Judy, the prince of Yan, captured Nanjing, and the palace caught fire and his whereabouts were unknown. One by one, Wang went to the table to persuade him to go forward. After two symbolic rejections, Judy "paid a visit to Xiaoling" on her own day, although she was "sad, sad and unable to stop".

In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Tombs have always been the fundamental place of ancestors and are highly respected. There are three big sacrifices and five small sacrifices every year. In case of major events in the country, we should send a memorial to Minister Qi.

2. Nanjing Forbidden City

Nanjing Forbidden City, also known as Ming Palace and Nanjing Forbidden City, is the palace of Yingtianfu (Nanjing), the capital of Ming Dynasty. It lasted more than 20 years, covering an area of 1, 0 1, 250 square meters. It is the largest palace complex in the world in the Middle Ages, and is called "the first palace in the world".

Nanjing Forbidden City, as a master of palace architecture in the ancient capital of China, was inherited by Beijing Forbidden City. It is the mother of official architecture in Ming Dynasty and the blueprint of Beijing Forbidden City.

The Forbidden City in Nanjing was built in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1366) and basically completed in the 25th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1392). Its location was chosen in outer Manchuria, Qingcheng of Yuanji, and it was moved to Sanshan to fill the Yanque Lake. Ming Palace is the imperial palace in the third day of Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 54 years.

Until the 19th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (142 1), Ming Taizu Judy moved to Beijing, and Nanzhili was established in Nanjing, where the royal family and important officials were still stationed.

3. Ming city wall

The Ming City Wall of Nanjing, including the four walls of Miyagi, Imperial City, Capital City and Outer Guo Cheng built during the Ming Dynasty, now refers to the well-preserved capital city wall, which is the longest, largest and most well-preserved ancient city wall in the world, with a total preservation length of 25. 1 km.

Nanjing Ming City Wall was built in 1366 (26th year of Yuan Dynasty) and completed in 1393 (26th year of Ming Hongwu). 1 department, 3 hospitals, 37 cities in 5 provinces, 152 counties * * 280,000 migrant workers, about 350 million.

Nanjing Ming City Wall consists of four walls: Miyagi, Imperial City, Capital City and Waiguo. Among them, the wall of Nanjing capital does not follow the square or rectangular old system of the ancient capital.

With its unique design concept, exquisite construction technology and magnificent scale, it winds between the beautiful mountains and rivers in Nanjing, Zhong Ling, with a total length of 35.267 kilometers, which is longer than the Ming wall in Beijing and is the largest wall in the world. The perimeter of the outer wall of the Ming wall in Nanjing exceeds 60 kilometers.

After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, the walls of Miyagi, Imperial City and Waiguo have been completely destroyed, but the tall walls of Beijing, except for wooden buildings such as gates, no longer exist, and the walls still stand. So today's so-called "Nanjing City Wall" and "Nanjing Ming City Wall" all refer to the capital city wall.

Nanjing's Ming Dynasty Fourth Ring City Wall, with both innovation and inheritance, is unique and charming in the history of China's capital construction.

4. Yuejiang Building

Yuejiang Tower is located at the top of Lion Mountain in Gulou District, Nanjing, and stands on the bank of the Yangtze River. It is one of the top ten famous cultural buildings in China and one of the four famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. It is also the main attraction of Nanjing Yuejianglou Scenic Area, one of the national AAAA tourist attractions and one of the 48 scenic spots of New Jinling, and is known as "the first building in the south of the Yangtze River".

The Yuejiang Building, more than 52 meters high, has four dark floors, carved eaves with blue tiles and colorful leaves with red curtains. It has a distinctive classical royal style and is a typical Ming Dynasty royal architectural style. The total construction area is more than 5000 square meters.

Yuejiang Building was built in the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374). Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, wrote a letter to build a pavilion in Lion Mountain in the northwest of China's capital city, and personally wrote "Yuejiang Tower", ordering all civil servants in the imperial court to write an article about Yuejiang Tower, among which Song Lian, a great scholar, wrote the best and was selected as the "China Ancient Literature View".

After the foundation surface used in the construction of Yuejiang Tower was completed, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, suddenly decided to stop the construction, and it was not until the end of the last century that the resolution to rebuild Yuejiang Tower received responses from all walks of life.

1997, the Nanjing Municipal People's Government officially approved the construction of Yuejiang Building, which was officially completed in September 20001. Since then, the 600-year history of "memory without architecture" has ended.

5. Tianshengqiao

Tiansheng Bridge, located in Honglan Town, Lishui District, Nanjing, was built by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, after he made Nanjing his capital, in order to communicate the water traffic between Nanjing and Zhejiang. It is also the only natural bridge on the ancient artificial canal in China, which spans the huge stones on both sides of the river. This natural bridge, which left huge stones on the artificial canal, is the only one in China and has been listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. ?

Tiansheng Bridge was dug in the 26th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1393), reaching the mouth of Qinhuai River in the north and entering Shijiu Lake in Honglan Port in the south, with a total length of 7.5 kilometers. It took more than ten years to organize hundreds of thousands of migrant workers, and it took 15 Li to burn stones and cut rivers, so that the rocks were mixed with purple, just like rouge, hence the name Rouge River.

Tiansheng Bridge is known as the "Small Three Gorges in the South of the Yangtze River" because of its precipitousness, precipitousness, beauty and profundity. Professor Hu Jiaming, president of the National Waterway Planning and Design Institute, called it1968+"unique in China and even in the world" in the early 1990s.

Baidu encyclopedia-Ming tomb

Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing Ming City Wall

Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing Forbidden City

Baidu encyclopedia-tianshengqiao

Baidu encyclopedia-yuejianglou