Time: 1940

Venue: new york.

Significance: This is the first successful case through psychological traces, and a bomber who committed crimes and carried out terrorist activities in new york for many years was arrested. The case began in 1940, 165438+ 10, 16, and a series of personal crimes that caused headaches began. That day, an unexploded bomb was found next to a window in the sturdy Edison building. There is a handwritten note next to the bomb bag, which says "Down with Edison, villain Edison-this is for you". The police think this is a malicious intimidation activity against the company that supplies electricity to new york.

1941September, another bomb was found in19 street, which failed to explode because of the mechanical structure of the fuse that did not open the clock. Three months later, in Pearl Harbor, the police in Manhattan received a strange letter, which said, "I won't prepare any more bombs for this protracted battle-my patriotic feelings made me determined-I will expose the hypocritical Edison-they will pay for their cowardice ... This letter was written in ink on a piece of white paper.

In 194 1 and 1946, sixteen identical letters appeared in some newspapers, hotels and shops, and Edison Company also received the same letters. Then on March 29th, 1950, a third bomb appeared in the basement of Grand Central Station. Although there was no explosion, it shows that the mob has extended its claws to the building. On April 24th, 1950, another bomb blew up the telephone booth next to the New York Public Library. Subsequently, the mob set more bombs, which succeeded several times and failed several times. In one of the small explosions, surprisingly, there was no damage except a chair in the theater. The government actively dispelled people's panic, but failed to understand the bomber's intention. This silence angered the author of the threatening letter, so he stepped up his attack on important places.

Between 195 1 and 1952, more than four bombs exploded. This crazy bomber has reached a blatant level. 1953, four more bombs exploded. The next year, explosions continued. Among them, the explosives buried in the cinema chair exploded, causing four injuries-two of them were in critical condition. 1955, four more bombs were found, two of which did not explode. The two bombs were found installed in the seats of the cinema. The bomber's threatening letters became longer and meaner. It says "Use 54 bombs-make four threatening phone calls-these bombs will go on until Edison is tried", and the signature is still "E.P.". Open atrocities.

1956 65438+February 12 another bomb exploded, which is also the most lethal bomb. It blew up the entire seat of the highest theater in Brooklyn, injuring six people. So a large-scale operation to catch the bombers began. First, Dr. Howard Finney, a director and psychologist of new york Mental Health Center, and Dr. James Rossell were hired to describe the mob. Dr Howard Finney himself has a deep research on forensic psychiatry. He used the information provided by the threatening letter of the mob to provide Dr. James Brussels with the unique appearance of the bomber himself. Dr. James Brussels reached a shocking conclusion with his exquisite skills: "The suspect is a middle-aged man suffering from paranoia; Introversion; 40 to 50 years old, healthy; He may be a lonely bachelor, or live with an old woman; This person loves neatness; The beard on the face is very clean; Received a good education; Have foreign blood; He is a skilled worker, and his working instruments are usually put in order; But not interested in women; He is a Yugoslav; Religious belief; Once criticized at work, your temper will become as fierce as a flame. The motive of this man's crime is to be dismissed or condemned, but he is pretentious, so he has accumulated grievances for a long time. His threatening letter was sent from Westchester, which is not his real place of residence. He is not stupid enough to send these letters from his own residence. Maybe they were sent from a place between his home and new york, and the most likely places of residence are Bridgeport and Westchester. From his place of residence to new york, he must pass through Westchester. The suspect has a very serious disease-it may be a heart attack. " He added, "When you grab the land, he will wear a double-button suit."

Brussels suggested that if his theory was published, it might lead to the appearance of bombers eager for attention. A newspaper in new york enthusiastically participated in this challenging task. The newspaper published an open letter, encouraging the bomber to give up sabotage activities and promising to hold a seminar on his distress. Soon, the editorial department of the newspaper received three letters, all of which condemned Edison Company. One of them wrote,' The play didn't get a penny because of difficulties and misfortune-this is a kind of abuse. In another letter, the writer also mentioned a very angry day-September 5th, 193 1. The investigation of Edison's archives was inconclusive. In a document sealed in 1937, Alice, an office assistant, found a letter from a former employee expressing dissatisfaction, which contained several similar incidents expressed by the bomber in language. This letter comes from a man named George Metsky, who was knocked down by a burst boiler when he went to work on September 5, 193 1. At that time, he said that he was in great pain, but the doctor's department could not detect any damage. As a result, Metsky 12 months of medical expenses and insurance benefits were given, and the company fired him. When he tried to appeal to the company, the prosecution period had passed-all claims for compensation should be filed within two years from the date of injury. 1957 65438+1October 2 1 day, detectives arrested him in his home in Metsky, waterbury, and found a bomb-making workshop in his garage. As the psychologist said, this man is well-proportioned, 45 years old, of Polish descent, unmarried, living with two sisters, and wearing a cotton double vest when he was arrested! Psychological trace analysis has achieved amazing success in this criminal case.

Metsky confessed that he was the crazy bomber, and the first letter of the threatening letter was "F.P.", which means "fair game". 1957 On April 18, the suspect was admitted to Matawan Hospital for treatment and was not suitable for trial. 1973, recovered and discharged. The public opinion at that time was very sympathetic to his experience and opposed his dismissal.

Brussels is very modest about the amazing success of Psychological Trace, which he attributed to reasonable logical reasoning and years of work experience. Finally, he explained the reasoning process of this case: because paranoia takes a long time to form-often more than ten years-and the first seven bombs appeared in 194D, then he judged that the bomber may have developed during 1930, so he should be middle-aged in 1956. So why is this person paranoid? Because such people are often pretentious but have no talent, they always feel that they are better than others, so they are neat, but unfocused and mean to mistakes-so they are cautious and like to wear a pair of vests.

The text shows that this man is educated, but the slang is not used properly-the locals use Con Ed instead of Edison Company-and his letter reads like translated literature. So how do you judge that the bomber is Slavic? Because according to historical records, making bombs has great advantages in Central Europe. Why is this person's figure very symmetrical? Esther Kresch Meyer, a German psychiatrist, has done a lot of basic research and proved that people's physique and personality are related to the development of any mental illness. Estexiao Reschmer found that 85% of paranoid patients have the physique of athletes. In this case, the suspect was injured, and Brussels judged him to be the worst and a normal man, so his figure should look well-proportioned. So how is his single life judged? Because this person writes in pure capital letters, only the writing of "W" is somewhat special, like two "U" s connected together, resembling a woman's breasts, indicating that this person has sexual desire problems, so it is inferred that he may not be married.

In fact, Brussels only misjudged one place, that is, the bomber suffered from heart disease, but the error was not great, because this crazy bomber was a tuberculosis patient. Richard chase

Time: 1978

Location: Sacramento, California

Significance: The psychoanalyst of the FBI accurately described the psychology of a confusing and malicious criminal from the side. 1978 65438+1On Monday, October 20th, in Sacramento, the case committed by that shocking and cruel murderer was still fresh in people's minds-that night, when David Walling came home, he found his 22-year-old wife Theresa killed in her bedroom. David Walling ran out of the room crying. He was too scared to say clearly what he had just seen. When the police arrived, they surveyed the scene carefully, and no one could provide suspicious details of the murder. This gruesome murder not only stung David Walling deeply, but also shocked others: a crushed yogurt bottle next to the body showed that the murderer had used it as a container to drink the victim's blood. Obviously, this case is far beyond the general vicious homicide case, so detectives hired scientists from the Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology (BSV) to help solve the case.

Robert Reshler has been teaching in the FBI for a long time, explaining scene reappearance. He and his California colleague Ruse Wapagir * * * collected the criminal information of this case, and finally constructed the image of the murderer:

Caucasian, aged about 25 to 27 years old, emaciated and malnourished, is a sloppy person, so he is likely to find criminal evidence in his residence. This person has a history of mental illness and drug dependence. He stays at home most of the time, has no friends, lives alone, has no job, may live on welfare, and may live with his parents-but it is extremely unlikely that he has never been a soldier, is a high school student or a college student who gave up halfway, and may have suffered from paranoid psychosis once or more.

When the case was detected, the accuracy of the presumed portrait of the criminal was confirmed according to the criminal psychological traces when the criminal committed the crime. The truth of the case is creepy, but every guess depends on careful observation. Although there are no obvious signs of sexual crimes in this case, experience tells us that the motive of this murder case is sexual violence. This is the starting point for inferring criminals. The structure of each case requires knowledge of crime statistics. In this case, they learned from the statistics in recent years that the main sexual crimes occurred within the race, that is, whites killed whites and blacks killed blacks, and most of the sexual crimes were whites in their twenties and thirties. So it is easy to infer the race and age of the criminal. Besides, Walling lives in a white area, where people have little interest in attacking their neighbors.

The killer's possible appearance and residence come from crime scene photos and police reports. Many killers fall into one category: organized crime and unorganized crime. The former is very cunning, and careful planning should be made before committing the crime; And unorganized criminals, mostly passionate and meaningless behavior, rarely consider the consequences. Every aspect of the murder case shows that it is a case of unorganized violence.

From the analysis of the degree and primitive state of Teresa's murder, scientists are more convinced that the murderer has a serious mental illness, which has lasted for several years, and this person has a thirst for human blood. All the possibilities and signs indicate that he may have been treated before. Through reasonable reasoning, they come to the conclusion that this person doesn't care much about himself, often forgets to eat or even pay attention to health care, so his appearance looks unkempt, sallow and emaciated. A reasonable assumption is that the murderer lives in a poor and chaotic place, and it is difficult for him to find a job, so he may live on welfare. The description of psychological traces is a complete problem, because the inference engine has no guide and can only infer from some subtle clues. Researchers at BSU insist that if the murderer doesn't give any clues, he will commit another crime. Four-part murder

Just three days after the case happened, the researchers' prediction came true. Sure enough, 36-year-old Evelyn Miro, her 6-year-old son Garson and her 52-year-old friend Daniel Meredith were shot and killed not far from Wallin's house. Evelyn Miro's little nephew Michael freire is also missing, and may have been kidnapped. Detectives inferred from the baby's bloody luggage that the baby was unlikely to survive. Of the three bodies at the scene, only Evelyn Miro's body was cut into pieces, which shows that the murderer has obvious sexual assault. The same phenomenon is that the attacker drank the victim's blood and left in a hurry in the victim's red wagon after eating.

The crime scene provided good conditions for Resler and Wapagir to construct the criminal's psychological structure. There was a lot of blood on the murderer. He left his car in an obvious place and walked away. This reckless behavior shows that this person is even crazier than the last crime, and it is an obvious mental patient behavior. Statistics tend to the view that murderers may be fascinated by thieves. Officials are more concerned about the killer's situation. BSU thinks the killer lives near an abandoned car.

The detectives searched for miles around the bus stop in Fiona Fang. Cross-examine, carefully sort out every clue and look for every suspicious sign. 148 hours later, a young woman called the police and said that when she came back from college, she met someone to greet her. The image of this man shocked her: he looks thin, his eyes are sunken, he is dressed in bloody clothes and his mouth is big. At first, she didn't recognize him, but later she remembered his name was Trenton Chase.

The investigation found that Trenton Chase lived only one block from the car. The police surrounded his residence, and he tried to escape with a cardboard box in his hand. When the police caught him, he waved the cardboard box violently, and some bloody pieces of paper, rags, a bowling ball wrapped in the child's schoolbag and a small skull flew out of the box. Finally, Trenton Chase finally gave in. Later, when the police searched his house, they found a loaded pistol and Daniel Meredith's wallet.

Trenton Chase's room is as predicted. The environment is harsh. Dirty and messy. The ground is covered with clothes stained with dirt and blood, and the refrigerator is full of human tissues and brain tissues-judging from the "food" in the killer's refrigerator, this bloodthirsty killer has just been satisfied. Poor little Michael freire's body was found nearby. After Trenton Chase was detained, he voluntarily confessed that Teresa was not his first victim. As early as1June 28th, 977, Ambrose Griffin was coming home with groceries when Trenton Chase shot him twice from the truck he was driving. The fatal wound is in the chest. After investigation, it was found that the shell casing on Ambrose Griffin was indeed the same as the gun used by Trenton Jens. The deeper the study of Trenton Chase's life background, the more difficult it is for researchers to describe the psychological traces of BSU. Trenton Chase, a 27-year-old white murderer, suffers from sexual confusion for a long time, likes burglary and abuses narcotics. He lost his job because of his eccentric lifestyle, was single, and lived a disgraceful life on some benefits.

Trenton Chase thinks that people around him can be interested in all parts of his body. He thinks that blood can strengthen the body. One way to solve this illusion is to eat other people's blood. This abnormal behavior made him live in a mental hospital. After being hospitalized, he was afraid of the caretaker in Shi P and felt like a caged bird. He strongly protested against such treatment. 1977, the psychologist finally agreed that he was discharged. A month later, Trenton Chase started his crazy killing game. Trenton Chase always showed indifference in the trial. He was sentenced to death for six counts of first-degree murder and transferred to San Quentin prison. However, his family strongly protested that Trenton Chase was rarely sane and provided a certificate proving that he was mentally ill, which read, "Trenton Chase is seriously mentally ill. No responsibility ability ... ". So Trenton Chase was exempted from Song Jian's lawsuit that he was injured over Vacaville, California, but it never got better. It was not until Christmas Eve of 1980 that Trenton Chase died of drug overdose caused by years of abuse of sedatives. John Duffy

Time: 1982

Venue: London, UK

Significance: This is the first representative murder case of mental illness in Britain. 1982, a series of rape cases committed by the two men in four years spread from London to other regions. These two people have committed crimes in partnership 18 times, which has already made people panic. The investigation found that the case that happened in June 1984 1 1 was obviously committed by one person. The victim reported that one of them was short and had a pair of "laser eyes" that seemed to see through each other and often committed crimes alone. His modus operandi is very distinctive: first, he speaks well of the victim to make him relax his vigilance, then he suddenly pulls out a knife and threatens the other side, binds the victim's hands with a rope, and then cruelly rapes the other side. Because most of the places he attacked were near the railway, people called him a "railway rapist". 1July, 985, on a horrible night, the poor victim was attacked three times in a few minutes. The police were enraged and launched a large-scale chase called "Operation Barker". This action was first initiated in England, and it didn't come to an end until 198 1, but there was no result. Perhaps there was an oversight in the investigation-the murderer used different names no less than nine times. But the manual cross search didn't notice the problem, and then started computer search. At the same time, Scottish officials also participated in the search and began to cooperate with the English police.

In the following months, a British foreigner named John Duffy was arrested and charged with various violent crimes. Although the man was finally released on bail, his name was entered into the suspect file of "Buck Action" according to the normal procedure. At the same time, the attack continues. 1985 65438+On February 29th, the railway rapist became a very conceited murderer. /kloc-Allison Day, a 0/9-year-old female secretary, was dragged off the eastbound train, kidnapped to an independent garage in Hackney, and strangled with a scarf. Afterwards, her body was thrown into the "Li He". 1986 65438+1October 14, the body floated up from the river, but the water has erased all traces of crime from the body. The only clue is a small amount of fiber on her leather jacket. It was not until 1986 April 17 that detectives realized that the murderer and rapist were the same person. Unfortunately, this was confirmed by another murder clue: a 15-year-old female student named Magat Jie Tamboze was raped and strangled on the track west of Hackney. Detectives judged that the killer was short by some footprints beside the body. There were burning textiles in the genitals of the body, which the murderer stuffed in order to destroy the evidence. Enough semen left at the scene indicates that the killer is type A blood. Although the killer's blood type accounts for 42% of the total population, scientists can distinguish people with the same blood type as the sample through PGM experiments, so they quickly ruled out four or five suspects. Another clue came from the victim's hands, which were tied by ordinary brown wide strips of cloth. The modus operandi shows that the murderers pursued by Buck's operation are a series of murderers.

The development of the incident is even more frightening. On the evening of May 1986, Anne Locke, 29, who had just married an employee of London Weekend TV, disappeared on her way home from work. Her body was not found until July, and judging from the results of sperm test, it was another action of the railway killer.

Investigators have known the blood type of the murderer, and court scientists cleared 4,900 suspects in the "blood pressure reduction operation". At the end of the investigation, there were still 1999 suspects, John. Tamiflu ranking 1505. 1July 7, 986, when he was about to be questioned, he refused to provide a blood sample on the grounds that he was being treated in a mental hospital.

Therefore, the police invited Professor David Kantor, an authoritative behaviorist from the University of Surrey, to construct the suspect's psychology. Professor David Kanter used his profound knowledge and keen insight, combined with the dictation of witnesses and victims, made statistical analysis and constructed the unknown situation of criminal suspects. He concluded that the suspect lived in Kiborn, northwest London, was married but childless, had a history of violent crimes, and his family was not harmonious, so he might have two close boyfriends.

When the image of the murderer constructed by Professor David Kanter was compared with the suspect of Buck Action, the name of John Duffy jumped out. This angered investigators, who ordered the arrest of John Duffy, who was under supervision in a mental hospital. John Duffy signaled that he had already resigned. However, shortly thereafter, he continued to commit crimes under the surveillance of the police. The victim is a girl of 14 years old. When he tied her up to prepare for the difficult journey, the girl's blindfold fell off and the girl glanced at him. For this reason, John Duffy didn't kill her. Maybe the killer thought this action was noble. In any case, we must take action. John Duffy's home in Gibbon became the focus of police surveillance, and he was finally caught at his mother's house. In the capital police laboratory, experts tested more than 70 clothes of John Duffy. After 2000 experiments, they finally found 13 fiber on Alice Dai's sheepskin coat, which is consistent with the fiber on John Duffy's clothes.

Among the items 17 in Professor David Kanter's Construction of Criminal Psychological Traces, there are 13 items that are correct. In particular, his inference that the murderer had no children is the biggest source of pain and crime for John Duffy, because he suffers from oligospermia. During the trial, John Duffy pretended to have a slight amnesia. 1On February 26th, 988, he was found guilty of seven counts and sentenced to life imprisonment. The shortcomings of this investigation are: it is not clear whether John Duffy had an accomplice in the initial rape case; Although John Duffy was believed to be the murderer, the investigators did not have enough favorable evidence to tell the truth.