What are the requirements for undergraduates and graduate students to change majors?
Undergraduate students change majors:
The requirements for directly applying for a German undergraduate course are at least one semester of domestic 2 1 1 undergraduate course, and at least three semesters of domestic 2 1 1 undergraduate course, provided that the major continues to study. If you change your major, you will encounter two situations:
1, a wide range of majors, read more 1 year preparatory course.
Large-scale major change means that the applied majors belong to different categories, such as mechanical design (science and engineering) to business administration (business), and English major (language) to information engineering (business/engineering). In this way, you can re-select your major by taking the German preparatory course.
2, the professional scope is small, directly apply for a new major.
Small-scale professional change means that the applied major belongs to the same major as this major, such as electronic information (science and engineering) to machinery (science and engineering) and medicine (natural science) to biochemistry (natural science). Such an application can be exempted from the preparatory course and entered the undergraduate course.
Graduate students to major:
German master's application in principle does not accept changing majors at all. There is only one exception, that is, students who have graduated from work (need work experience) can apply for an MBA degree in Germany. There is no restriction on undergraduate majors, but they need to charge a certain tuition fee.
There is another situation, which is actually caused by the difference between the domestic professional division and the German professional division. I don't want to learn electronic information technology, but I want to learn automation. In fact, these two majors are two different professional directions under one major in Germany. Simply put, the professional name is the same whether you apply for electronic information technology or automation. For example, at Darmstadt University of Technology, it is called information and electronic technology. After entering the school, you can choose your own professional direction and related tutors according to your own wishes, and you can take courses in a certain direction. So this situation doesn't really involve? Change majors? problem
A major that German graduate students can apply for across majors.
Science and engineering majors can be transferred to: some accounting, some finance, management, business, media, translation, education, etc.
Art design majors can be transferred to finance, management, commerce, media, translation, education, advertising design, product design and other majors.
Medical nursing majors can be transferred to other majors: finance, management, business, media, translation, education, public health and nutrition.
Language majors such as English can be transferred: some majors such as finance, management, business, media, translation, education, linguistics, etc.
Business related majors can be transferred to: media, translation, education, linguistics and other majors.
German graduate students can't apply for majors across majors.
Science and engineering major: the applicant cannot meet the admission requirements of the school without relevant professional background.
Art design majors: including graphic design, fashion design, architectural design, etc. If the applicant does not graduate from a related major and has many years of relevant work experience, he can provide a relatively mature portfolio application, otherwise he can't change his major.
Internal medicine nursing major: this kind of major cannot be applied for. In the process of choosing a major, students must choose the major that suits them best and interests them most according to their actual situation. Not all students can learn completely different majors at the master's degree.
Advantages that Germany can leapfrog.
economics
As one of the seven economic powers in the west, Germany ranks first in Europe in terms of economic scale (equivalent to the sum of Britain and France) and third in the world in terms of economic aggregate after the United States and Japan. Known as? The locomotive of European economy? . Its GDP accounts for one-third of the EU. Its domestic universities attach great importance to the teaching quality of economics.
The Department of Economics of the University of Cologne has more than 10,000 students and is the largest in Germany. In economics, the University of Cologne is the uncrowned king, favored by employers, and the champion in BWL (Enterprise Economics) and VWL (National Economics).
Mannheim University ranked second in business economics. Its economic management major is the most prestigious in Germany. Ranked second in WirtschaftsWoche's business administration professional ranking. Economics course ranks 2 1 among excellent courses recommended by German professors. The main research courses are enterprise management, market economy, labor relations, finance, insurance, political economy and econometrics, microeconomics and so on.
The University of Mü nster ranks third in enterprise economics and fourth in WirtschaftsWoche's business administration ranking. In Europe, students from 15 countries rank 30th in teaching evaluation economics of European universities. University of Munich ranked fourth in business economics.
The economics course of Frankfurt University ranks seventh among excellent courses recommended by German professors, and WirtschaftsWoche ranks 10 in the ranking of business administration majors. Courses include political economics, industrial economics, economic management, business management research, statistics, business economics, organizational theory, industrial accounting, management economics and insurance, accounting and auditing, and social and economic structure.
The economics courses of Dortmund University and Hanover University rank seventh with Frankfurt University among the excellent courses recommended by German professors. Bonn University ranks 35th in the teaching evaluation of European universities by students from 15 countries. Kiel University enjoys a world reputation in economic research.
The University of Freiburg is famous for its economy. There is a Freiburg school in modern economics, which is from this school. This school is the backbone of neo-liberalism, which laid a theoretical foundation for Germany's social market economic system. The establishment of this economic system after the war brought an economic miracle that attracted worldwide attention to Germany.
Philosophy, history, news
German philosophers are world-famous, and Hegel, Marx and Engels have all made indelible contributions in the history of world philosophy. The University of Cologne, the University of Freiburg and the Philosophy Department of Bielefeld University in Cologne (with 30 research institutes and 43 majors) have the largest scale in this field in Germany. Friedrich? Schiller? /kloc-A series of great philosophers such as Fessette, reinhold, Schelling, Hegel and Foster appeared in Jena at the beginning of the 9th century. The Department of Philosophy History of Heidelberg University has majors such as philosophy, history, eastern European history, political science and art history. Training journalists is a major of Dortmund University, and many famous journalists from German TV stations and newspapers and media come from this university.
Medical science
The strong project of German industry, the turnover of pharmaceutical industry ranks second in German industrial turnover, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals.
This enterprise ranks fourth among European pharmaceutical enterprises. Heidelberg University has Max Planck Institute of Medicine, German Cancer Research Center and other scientific research institutions. Its research results enjoy a certain reputation in the world. The comprehensive medical department has various specialties and departments. Two Nobel Prize winners in medicine have been trained here, Albright? AlbrechtKossel, who has made great achievements in protein and nucleic acid research, won the 19 10 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; Otto? Fritz? AttoFritzMeyerhof, who has made great achievements in studying the biological reaction chain, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine from 65438 to 0922.
The Free University of Berlin has the most important medical training center in Germany. Every year, thousands of people receive treatment at the University of Berlin. The Department of Therapeutic Education of the University of Cologne is the largest special treatment department in the world. In the field of medical research, Kiel University Hospital has a decisive influence on the development of pelvic examination equipment and surgery, as well as the development of minimally invasive infection surgery all over the world. The Leibniz Prize of the German Research Association of Ruhr University in Bochum was awarded to the medical department of this university. Neurology is a recognized strength.
biology
On the basis of medical science, the University of Dü sseldorf has gained an important position in biotechnology, and there are often important achievements in biotechnology that stir the whole country and even the world. University Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ) has become the core of this field in Germany. The research of Munich University in the field of science has also made remarkable achievements in the world, such as its Molecular Biology Gene Center Laboratory and the Accelerator Laboratory jointly established by technical university of munich.
Legal science
Germany is a representative country of civil law system, and the German code is a reference for many civil law countries to formulate codes. China is also a country with civil law system, so it is very advantageous for students studying law in China to go to Germany for further study.
In ManagerMagazin's ranking of law majors, the University of Mü nster ranks 1, the University of Freiburg ranks 10 and the University of Bonn ranks 165438+. UniversityMannheim ranks 12, and its main research fields are public law, criminal law, civil law, labor law, private international law, criminology and philosophy of law. UniversityBremen ranks 32nd in the ranking of law majors of ManagerMaga zin, and its master's degree includes European and international law. University Law Department is one of the largest law departments in Germany. The law department of Augsburg University includes criminal law, civil law, public law, private law, international law, European law and Roman law. University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls? UniversitatHeidelberg): The law department has majors such as law, foreign and international private law and economic law, legal history, social and economic law, criminal law, finance and taxation, and German and European management law. The law department of Dü sseldorf University is famous for its major in economic law.
mechanical engineering
Germany is a world automobile power. In the ranking of European automobile industry, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, BMW, Audi and Porsche are respectively 1, 2, 9, 18, 2 1. The turnover of automobile industry ranks first in Germany's industrial turnover and is a pillar industry in Germany. Both enterprises and countries attach great importance to training talents in this field.
Among the excellent courses recommended by German professors, Hanover University ranks fifth in engineering. It studies the mathematical basis, scientific basis and technical basis of mechanical manufacturing in the undergraduate study stage, and deepens a learning direction. The subsequent master's study stage includes courses such as mechanical dynamics, fluid mechanics, regulation technology and control technology. This department has twelve research focuses for you to choose from: manufacturing technology: deep production technology; Machinery, systems and automation in manufacturing technology or product engineering and logistics; Energy and technology: energy change process, energy technology composition, energy supply system and technology; Mechatronics: sports technology and robots, micro-mechatronics and transportation system. In addition, the combination of professional study tour, laboratory work and project implementation ensures the application of what you have learned.
UniversityStuttgart ranks fourth in the evaluation of European universities by German entrepreneurs and 35th in the evaluation of European universities by students from 15 countries. Dortmund University ranked eighth in the evaluation of European/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/5 universities by German entrepreneurs, while TechnischeUniversityDarmstadt ranked tenth in the evaluation of European/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/5 universities and European/KOOC-0/5 countries.
Environmental protection science
Germany is a country that pays great attention to environmental protection. In Germany, the cost of wastewater treatment is much higher than that of water supply facilities. Air monitoring stations are all over Germany, and air quality is automatically monitored 24 hours a day. Because the sales of unleaded gasoline have accounted for 95%, and adopt? Three-way regulating catalyst technology? The area covered by forests in Germany accounts for about one third of the land area. Large areas of forests and green spaces can purify the air, and trees and green spaces can absorb the exhaust gas emitted by automobiles, thus effectively protecting the natural environment. 1995 Germany promulgated the circular economy law, which transformed the whole consumption and production into a unified circular economy system. Germany produces 35 1 kg of garbage per person every year, and the whole country produces 26 million tons of garbage every year. The main treatment methods are 79% landfill, 17% incineration, 1% compression and 3% other methods. Ruhr-Universi taetBochum has created its own series of dominant and characteristic majors, which play an important role in teaching and scientific research in China. In natural science, environmental protection research is its recognized strength. At present, there are more than 200 research projects on environmental protection. Uni versityOldenburg is characterized by its openness to explore new ways, and environmental protection research and energy research have become the focus of multidisciplinary research.