Most of the urban features of contemporary Paris are the result of Baron Haussmann's large-scale urban transformation of Paris in the middle of the 9th century. For centuries, the city has been a maze of narrow streets and semi-wooden houses, but since 1852, the large-scale urban planning in Baron Haussmann has made the whole area give way to neoclassical middle-class stone buildings on both sides of wide roads; Most of the "new" Paris is what we see today. Today's popular Avenue Saint-Germain and Avenue Sevastopol were opened at that time. Paris is often used as a synonym for the "alliance" law. Along both sides of the boulevard, the width of the street is determined in advance, and the position of the external wall is determined. Then build buildings with the same height, and define the height of the building according to the width of the street. The facade of the building is full of rhythm, and the decoration design of the balcony on the second floor and the fifth floor.
For a long time, Paris has always adhered to strict urban planning, especially limiting the height of buildings. The planning of the second French Empire still applies in many cases today. Today, new buildings with a height of more than 37 meters are only allowed under special circumstances, and in many areas, the height limit is even lower.
The population density in the center of Paris is much higher than that in other western cities. The three most famous landmarks in Paris are Notre Dame de Paris on Dai Xi Island in12nd century, the Arc de Triomphe built by Napoleon I and the Eiffel Tower in19th century. The Eiffel Tower is a "temporary" building, which was built by gustave eiffel for the 1889 World Expo and has not been demolished since. Now it has become a permanent symbol of Paris. The historical axis of Paris is a straight line from the city center to the west, which consists of cultural relics, buildings and streets. The eastern end of this axis starts from the Louvre, then passes through dolores Garden, Place de la Concorde and Champs Elysé es, and reaches the Arc de Triomphe in the center of Charles de Gaulle Square. After the 1960s, the axis continued to extend westward to the business district of La Dé fense, with the new Arc de Triomphe in La Dé fense as its core. This area has the largest number of skyscrapers in Paris metropolitan area. The Invalides Museum has buried many great French soldiers, including Napoleon, and the Pantheon Church is the burial place of many outstanding French men and women. Some famous members of the "old regime" were imprisoned in the ancient prison Conciergerie before they died during the French Revolution. Another symbol of the revolution is Swan Island (? Swan Lake and two Statues of Liberty in Luxembourg. The larger statue was sent to the United States as a gift in 1886, and now it is placed in the port of new york city. Paris Opera House was built in the later period of the Second Empire, and has the Paris Opera Ballet. The former Louvre is now one of the most famous museums in the world. Sorbonne University is the most famous part of Paris University, located in the center of Latin quarter. In addition to Notre Dame de Paris, other masterpieces of church architecture include13rd century Gothic Palace Church, Saint Chapel and Madeleine Church. 199 1 year, many places of interest along the Seine River in Paris were included in the World Heritage List.
way
There are 6088 public or private roads in Paris (1997). The widest road is 16 Fuxi Street, with a width of 120m. Avenue de Selves in Zone 8 is the shortest road in Paris, with a total length of only 1 10m, while Rue de Vaugirard is the longest street in Paris, spanning Zone 6 and Zone 15, with a total length of 4,360m. Rue des Deglés in the second district is the shortest street in Paris, only 5.75 meters; Rue du Chat-qui-Pêche in the fifth district is the narrowest official street in Paris, with a width of 1 .8m. (According to some data, the width of Sentier des Merisiers in the twelfth district is less than1m, or the width of Passage de la Duée in the twentieth district is only 80cm, although the right side has been destroyed. Finally, the steepest road in Paris is Rue Gasnier-Guy in the 20th district, with a slope of 17%.
build
Many important institutions in Paris are located outside the city. The financial and business district of La Dé fense, the main grain wholesale market (Rungis), Paris Institute of Technology, HEC, ESSEC, INSEAD, world-famous research laboratories (in Shackley and Evli), the largest stadium (stade de france) and the Ministry of Communications are all located in the suburbs of the city.
plan
La Dé fense is located in the northwest of Paris, on the banks of the Seine, 5 kilometers away from the Arc de Triomphe, and on the same east-west axis as the Louvre Palace and the Plaza de Gaulle.
1932, the capital of Seine Province held an "Imagination Competition" to transform and beautify the east-west main axis and the road leading to Germany from the Plaza of Stars. 1958, the "Planning Bureau of La Dé fense" was established. It is planned to build La Dé fense into a modern business district with complete facilities such as work, residence and entertainment, which will serve as the "window" of Paris in 2000. 1963 adopted the first master plan, including the eastern affairs area and the western park area, with a planned land area of 760 hectares. In 1962 ~ 1965, Defarge is designated as one of the nine sub-centers around the center of Paris. It was basically completed in the early 1980s.
cityscape
The Bastille Square (fourth area, 1 1 and 12, located on the right bank) is of great historical significance not only to Paris, but also to France as a whole. Because of its historical value, the square is often used for political demonstrations, including large-scale labor protests in March 2006. The Champs Elysé es (Zone 8, right bank) connects the Place de la Concorde and the Arc de Triomphe, which is a road transformed from the17th century garden corridor. It is one of many tourist attractions and the main shopping street in Paris. Place de la Concorde (Zone 8, right bank) is located at the eastern end of Champs Elysé es. When it was first built, it was called "Louis XV Square" and was the site of the infamous guillotine. The Egyptian obelisk is the "oldest monument" in Paris. On the square, on both sides of Royal Road, there are two identical stone buildings: one in the east is the French Admiralty, and the other in the west is the luxurious Creon Hotel (H&; Ocirc Tel: De Cleon. The nearby Wangdom Square is famous for its fashionable and luxurious hotels, with hotel ritz (H? Tel Litz) and Vendome Hotel (H? tel de Vend？ Me) and its jewelry store, many famous fashion designers have their salons in the square. Les Halles (area 1, right bank) was once the central meat market in Paris. Since the late 1970s, Les Halles has been the largest subway station in Europe (Ch? Tele-leshalles has formed a major shopping center around it. The former Real Mall was demolished at 197 1 and replaced by the Forum des Halles of Real. Paris Central Market, the largest food wholesale market in the world, moved to Languis in the southern suburbs. Le Malais (Zone 3 and Zone 4) is a fashionable area on the right bank, which is a very open place in culture. The Avenue Montaigne (the eighth district) adjacent to the Champs Elysé es is a gathering place for luxury brands, including Chanel, Louis Vuitton, christian dior and Givenchy. Montmartre (18 area, right bank) has Sacred Heart Temple, which has always been an artist's area in history, and there are many artists' studios and cafes in this area. Meng panas (14 area) is a historical area on the left bank, which is famous for artists' studios, concert halls and cafes. There is the huge Mon panas-Bienvenu e subway station and the lonely skyscraper Mon panas building. Opera Street (District 9, right bank) is the surrounding area of Paris Opera House, and it is the place with the densest department stores and office buildings in Paris, including Spring Department Store and Paris Galeries Lafayette Department Store, as well as the Paris headquarters of financial giants credit lyonnais and American Express Bank.
The city built radially from Le Plaza in Chaste is based on Le Plaza in Chaste, and its surrounding area is centered on the Champs Elysé es, which means that this Paris center is the oldest but also the most lively place in the city. The "center" of the city center is Notre Dame de Paris and the Paris District Court surrounded by the Seine River.
It's in the north of Sidi Island. Place de la Concorde, Gagniere Opera House, Saint Mary Madeleine, Louvre and jardin des tuileries are all located on the right bank of the city center. Start from the Arc de Triomphe in caluso, enter the Dului Garden, cross the obelisk in Place de la Concorde, walk along the Champs Elysé es until you reach the majestic Arc de Triomphe, and then continue to the big arch in La Defense. This central axis is a world-famous landscape.
If you take the Champs Elysé es as the dividing line and look west, the symbols of Paris-the Eiffel Tower and the Invalides are on the left bank. Further north, the white spire of Basilique du Sacré Coeur on Montmartre stands like a landmark, which is the landmark scenery of Paris after the Eiffel Tower.
Louvre (Louvre)
This world-famous art palace was built at the beginning of 12 century, and was used for defensive purposes. Later, after a series of expansion and repair, it gradually became a magnificent palace. From the16th century, Francois I began to collect various works of art on a large scale, and later emperors continued this tradition and enriched the collection of the Louvre. Today, the museum has collected 400,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, arts and crafts, ancient orient, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. 198 1 year, the French government carried out a large-scale renovation of this exquisite building, and the Louvre has since become a professional museum. It is worth mentioning that there is a transparent pyramid building at the entrance of the Louvre, and its designer is the famous Chinese American architect I.M. Pei.
Eiffel towel
(Eiffel Tower)
Built in 1889, it was built for the World Expo at that time. After its completion, it was criticized by many people that a pile of scrap iron destroyed the beauty of Paris. Today, this tower, which has maintained the world's tallest building record for more than 40 years, has become the most important symbol of Paris. Romantic Parisians gave this tower a beautiful name-shepherdess in the clouds. The Eiffel Tower was built to solemnly commemorate the 0/00th anniversary of the then world-famous World Expo 1789 French bourgeois revolution/KLOC-0. Named after the famous French architectural engineer gustave eiffel, there is a bronze bust of Eiffel under the tower.
1889 coincides with the 0/00th anniversary of the French Revolution. The French government decided to hold an unprecedented World Expo in Paris to show the achievements of industrial technology and culture, and to build a monument symbolizing the French Revolution and Paris. The Preparatory Committee originally hoped to build a classical memorial group with statues, monuments, gardens and temples, but in more than 700 applications, it chose the design of bridge engineer Eiffel (1832- 1923): a giant tower symbolizing machine civilization and visible in any corner of Paris.
Notre Dame Cathedral
(Notre Dame de Paris)
It is located in Dai Xi Island, the birthplace of Paris. It was built in 1 163 and took 400 years to complete. It is a masterpiece of Gothic church. The interior decoration of Notre Dame de Paris is rigorous and solemn, the design of stained glass windows is attractive, and the flying stacks and monster exits are lifelike.
Arc de Triomphe
(Arc de Triomphe)
Located in Guangxing Charles de Gaulle Square. This is the end of the Champs Elysé es and the highest point of Shayou Mountain. 12 Avenue extends from Charles de Gaulle Square in all directions. The magnificent Arc de Triomphe stands on the circular square in the center of the square. This arch was built by Chargé land in the period of Napoleon 1806. According to Napoleon's order, it was used to commemorate the French army. The Arc de Triomphe has only one arch with a barrel dome on it, which is bigger than the Arc de Triomphe in Rome. It is 50 meters high and 45 meters wide, and there are huge reliefs on both sides of the Arc de Triomphe.
Among them, the most famous and exquisite is the relief on the lower right side of the Champs Elysé es, which depicts the scene of 1792 volunteers' expedition. This masterpiece is named "La Marseillaise". The scene of Napoleon's victory celebration ceremony is carved in other positions above this relief, and the name of each battle is engraved on the topmost shield decoration. 1920, an "unknown soldier" was built under the arch hole, and the flame burned out here every evening. There is also a small budget memorial hall in the building, which records the history of this memorial building. There, visitors can see the names of eight generals, some of whom are underlined because they were all killed in the battle.
Versailles
This used to be a hunting place for the royal family. Louis XIV began to visit this palace during the French Revolution (1682), which is also a must-see for all people who come to Paris. Behind the palace is a huge royal garden. Located 20 kilometers west of Paris, the Palace of Versailles was built by Louis XIV and is famous for its luxurious and imaginative architectural design. The total length of the complex is 580 meters, including palaces and castles, gardens and Trianon. Romantic Paris: Sunset on the Seine
Paris for literature and art: Latin quarter
Guide to buying hotels in Paris
In the tourist guide of Paris Tourism Bureau, a brochure with the nature of Paris Hotel Guide is sold. "hotelset réresidence SDE Tourisme" includes all hotels from 1 to 20, even the suburbs. Although there are no photos and detailed explanations, it is extremely useful to check the hotel phone number and price by district. One copy only 10F. If you buy one, it will be convenient to find hotel accommodation in Paris next time.
Do your homework before you leave.
Now there are many applications that introduce popular tourist cities, which can be tried out and introduced in detail, so it is very convenient to carry around. At present, the latest edition is Paris Travel Guide, and the evaluation is not bad.
The tourist office in Paris
When you arrive in Paris, the first thing you should visit is the tourist information office. At 127 Champs Elysé es, there is a central office, which can not only help tourists book hotels, but also answer all the questions raised by tourists and give them maps, hotel guides and so on. In addition to the offices on the Champs Elysé es, similar offices have been set up in major stations, airports and even the Eiffel Tower during the tourist season.
Evaluation by the World Heritage Committee:
From the Louvre to the Eiffel Tower, or from Place de la Concorde to the Palace of Versailles, the historical changes of Paris are considered to have originated from the Seine. Notre Dame and Church of Saints became architectural masterpieces at the end of 19 and when the wide squares and boulevards in houseman affected the urbanization process of the whole world in the 20th century.
Paris is really a unique city. There are many historical sites and architectural beauty to visit in the urban area alone. Of course, French food is impeccable, with grapes and wine to taste. This is a romantic, emotional and material city. It is a great honor for people from any country to become Parisians.
Travel service to Paris
Coming to Paris is a travel company located in Paris. Registered by French Tourism Bureau, it is allowed to operate French tourist reception business in China. Its Paris service team helps you really understand France and Paris. ComeToParis will be responsible for your eating, drinking and having fun in Paris. Nightclubs (Moulin Rouge, Lido, Crazy Horse Song and Dance Show, Latin Paradise), tour guide service, cruise on the Seine River, airport transfer, hotel reservation.
Optimal travel time
When traveling to Paris, the weather is a less important factor. The climate in Paris is mild all the year round, with the highest temperature rarely exceeding 25℃ in summer and the lowest temperature usually above 0℃ in winter. The distribution of precipitation in a year is relatively uniform, and it will rain at least 1/3 days every month, so it is necessary to take an umbrella with you.
For shopaholics, 65438+ 10 and June are the most charming seasons in Paris, and the clothing retail industry is having a seasonal sale at this time, and the discount is unimaginable. The start date of the annual sale is Wednesday in the second week of June and Wednesday in the third week of June, 1, so you should calculate the exact time when planning your trip. 1, French snail snail: an edible snail. This dish is usually seasoned with garlic and butter. Because snails have shells, they have special forks to take out the meat when serving. The meat of French snails is more chewy than chicken, with a little earthy and mushroom flavor. The use of garlic and butter makes snails taste mellow and fresh )
Recommended restaurant, it is located in Montmartre Street, and there is a Replay on the corner (at the junction of Montmartre Street and Etienne Marcel Street). Its name is Le Tambour, which is easy to find. It's a small bar, serving dinner at 7: 00 pm, and recommending leg of lamb and snails. The leg of lamb tastes good, and the weight is sufficient. As long as 1 1 Euro, snails are a little more expensive. The Latin quarter is about 6 euros, 1 1 euro, 12, but this family wants 6 euros, 14 euros, 12, and I don't want it. Best of all, this store has an English menu (the nearest subway station is Les Halles on Line 4.
2. French chop suey: In fact, this dish is made of a delicious piece of meat on the calf thymus. First, simmer the original beef soup with medium heat, then slice the meat, coat it with flour, and fry it a little. Lemon and pickled thorn fruit buds are usually added when frying slightly. Cooked meat tastes like crab meat, but it is definitely beef. Although there are many processes to make this dish, it does make the beef offal tender and delicious.
3. French custard: custard with caramel particles (usually vanilla).
4. Pork pot with pickled sauerkraut as the main dish, a famous Alsace dish. Add pickled sauerkraut with a lot of pickled smoked pork, such as bacon, bacon, trotters, famous sausages, etc., cook a large pot with potatoes as the bottom, and then pour a glass of cold beer.
5, foie gras: the most expensive dish, with the reputation of "the king of green food in the world", can lower cholesterol, reduce blood fat, soften blood vessels and delay aging.