This major trains students to master the basic theories and methods of physics, with good teaching foundation, necessary basic knowledge of chemistry and good basic experimental skills, and can engage in scientific research, technology development, management and teaching in physics or related scientific and technological fields in scientific research institutes, universities, high-tech industrial departments, enterprises and institutions.
First, the professional basic situation
1, culture target
This major trains senior professionals who master the basic theories and methods of physics, have good mathematical foundation and experimental skills, and can engage in scientific research, teaching, technology and related management in physics or related science and technology fields.
2. Training requirements
Students in this major mainly study the basic laws of material movement, receive training in scientific research and technology development by using physical knowledge and methods, and obtain preliminary training in basic research or applied basic research. They have good scientific literacy and certain scientific research and application development capabilities. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:
Master the basic theories and methods of mathematics, and have high mathematical literacy;
Master solid and systematic basic physics theory, extensive basic physics knowledge and basic experimental methods, and have certain basic scientific research ability and application development ability;
◆ Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors;
◆ Understand the frontier of physics development and the general trend of scientific development;
◆ Understand the national science and technology and intellectual property policies and regulations;
Master the basic methods of information inquiry, literature retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology;
Have a certain experimental design, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges.
3. Main disciplines
Physics.
Step 4: Main course
Advanced mathematics, general physics, mathematical physics methods, theoretical mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, solid state physics, structure and physical properties, introduction to computational physics, etc.
Step 5 try teaching
Including production practice, scientific research training, graduation thesis, etc. The overall arrangement is 10-20 weeks.
6. Study time
Four years.
7. Degree situation
Bachelor of Science.
8. Related majors
Applied physics.
9, the original professional name
Physics, physics education, nuclear physics and technology (part), marine physics (part).
Second, the professional comprehensive introduction
Physics is a discipline that studies the laws of motion and change of objects, is the cornerstone of the natural science building, and is the foundation of the whole science and engineering discipline system. Its purpose is to promote the development of various disciplines based on physics through the study of physical theory, knowledge and experimental methods. Physics is one of the oldest natural disciplines. Because of its foundation and importance, it has maintained a steady development momentum. Especially with the appearance of relativity, the rapid development of quantum mechanics and the understanding of nonlinear science, physics has jumped to a new level. At present, in addition to the great role of traditional mechanics in practical engineering production, some emerging physics development directions are also in the forefront in high-tech industries. For example, superconducting physics and superconducting electronics, nanotechnology, nuclear physics and nuclear solid-state physics, quantum optics have great development potential and can be studied as a specialty. On the other hand, the development of physics has gradually got rid of the shackles of theoretical deduction, and experimental physics has developed very rapidly, which makes the theoretical achievements of physics be transformed into practical applications more quickly and objectively promotes the development of physics.
Physics major is to train all-round talents, which can not only engage in theoretical research, but also engage in some technical work in the production line. Candidates have a wide range of choices for their future, and comprehensive knowledge, strong application ability and wide career choice are the main characteristics of this major. It is completely incorrect to think that students of this major can only do pure theoretical research. However, as far as undergraduates of this major are concerned, the courses they study may be monotonous and boring, so a strong interest is what learners should have most. Therefore, when candidates apply for the exam, they should mainly consider their interest in the major and don't have to worry too much about the professional way out. In fact, China scientists we are familiar with, such as Nobel Prize winners Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao and Ding Zhaozhong, have all won the Nobel Prize in Physics. The first China person to win the Nobel Prize in the future is likely to appear among physics graduates.
After graduation, students can take part in physical research or teaching in central departments and local scientific research units such as machinery and electronics, aerospace, metallurgy, railways and metrology, as well as central laboratories and research rooms in factories and various schools. However, we can't think that this major only trains theoretical talents. Students in this major should also master some technical foundations necessary for experimental work and technical work, including basic knowledge such as electronic technology, computer, material science and laser, so that you can become a senior technical talent engaged in the development of science, industry and trade. Although as a theoretical major, the trained technical talents will be less efficient and less familiar with the work at the beginning, but after a period of time, the specialty of profound theoretical foundation will emerge. Theoretical study in this major can make learners form strong logical thinking ability, which will benefit graduates of this major both at work and in life. But this major is more suitable for further study and gain more and more comprehensive knowledge in the extensive and profound physics discipline. In addition, as a basic subject, this major can choose to go abroad for further study after undergraduate study. Because this major is easier to apply for and get scholarships abroad than some applied engineering majors.
Physical specialty code: 07020 1.
Third, develop vocational education.
Physics is the originator of modern science, and mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics, modern macro-cosmic science and micro-particle science are the primary research objects of physics. Later, due to practical application, it gradually developed into an independent discipline. Since the15th century, physics has experienced hundreds of years of development and is still the foundation of the whole scientific system. As a basic subject of higher education, physics is offered in almost all engineering majors. Physics majors are all over the world.
With the impact of the scientific and technological revolution at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, many disciplines were subdivided from the field of physics, and physics specialty gradually became the frontier discipline of basic research. At present, as a science major, this major focuses on the research of physical theory science, so it is far from the practical application of industrial and agricultural production.
Most colleges and universities in China set up physics majors at the beginning of their establishment, and these majors have a long history. In the 1920s and 1930s, the physics departments of Tsinghua University, Peking University and Tianjin University were established one after another. Since liberation, physics major, as a main direction of physics department, has been gradually established in major universities, and almost all universities have established physics departments. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 170 key universities with physics majors.
After liberation, China has carried out a large-scale adjustment of departments and colleges, and many former physics departments of engineering colleges have been merged and adjusted. Some engineering colleges simply no longer offer physics majors, leaving only some physics teaching staff as the basic education force of physics in other departments. Due to the different foundations of each university, the research focus areas of physics department are also different. For example, in order to initiate and develop China's atomic energy science and technology, some schools set up the department of engineering physics. At that time, department of engineering physics or the Department of Physics was basically equivalent to the major of nuclear engineering and technology now. This legacy can still be seen, and the main research field of many physics majors is nuclear major.
At present, many universities in China propose to build a first-class comprehensive university. In this context, many universities have resumed physics departments. On the basis of physics specialty, applied physics specialty has been added. A large number of talents combining science and engineering have emerged in physics major. In recent 10 years, the physics major has greatly strengthened the basic research of electronic technology and computer technology. In China, the physics departments of Peking University, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi Jiaotong University, Beijing University of Science and Technology (formerly Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel) and Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences have not only made many scientific research achievements, but also sent a large number of talents to the country during the more than 20 years of reform and opening up.
The most famous universities in the world, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University and University of Tokyo, all have physics majors. The main research topics include the basic development and application of nuclear technology, aerospace technology, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, sound, light and electricity.
Since the reform and opening up, with the increase of investment in science and technology, China has made great achievements in physics, and completed a number of key national projects during the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the "863" high-tech development plan, the National Natural Science Foundation and a number of special basic research. For example, centrifugal separation and laser separation of uranium isotopes and technical research; Research on conservation law of energy and momentum in general relativity: magneto-optical rotation testing method and device: integrated acousto-optic RF spectrum analyzer: research and development of vacuum measurement technology: research on transition temperature of superconducting materials: physical properties testing of various materials at low temperature; Develop various temperature control and constant temperature devices. While making these scientific and technological achievements, physics education has also made great progress. With the support of the state, the conditions and facilities of physics education in colleges and universities have been greatly improved. The level and number of undergraduate and graduate students trained in China are increasing year by year. Hundreds of thousands of physics professionals stand out and become the backbone of physics research, physics basic education, physics technology application and other industries. Physics presents a vibrant scene.
Fourth, professional employment data analysis
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Professional Employment Situation and Trend
As the general birthplace of science and technology, physics is a course that almost all science and engineering students must study. Physics majors train talents with solid knowledge of classical and modern physics and supply blood for national physics education and research.
After four years of undergraduate study, students majoring in physics have solid theoretical knowledge of physics and general skills of physics research. Graduates of this major are mainly engaged in scientific research, teaching, technology development and related management in the field of physics-related science and technology. Scientific research work includes the research on frontier issues of macro-physics and micro-physics, and the application of solid-state physics and magnetic physics technology. Teaching work includes basic physics teaching of science and engineering in colleges and universities and physics education in middle schools. At the same time, students majoring in physics can also engage in technology development with the help of physics foundation. Such as the development and application of physical technology, using physical principles to develop scientific instruments. The employment of physics major is mainly in the field of physics research, but it also has the strength to enter the field of engineering, but this requires students of this major to pay attention to cultivating their practical ability and practical ability.
China trains about 40,000 undergraduate physics professionals every year. The majors that overlap with this major include applied physics, engineering physics, semiconductors and materials, and some electronics. At present, the main problem in the employment of physics professionals is that they are not competitive enough in many employment fields. The employment subjects of physics graduates are scientific research and education. Although some of them can enter engineering, electronics, IT and other industries. Their professional background is not strong enough. Of course, due to the mismatch between modern education and industry, physics professionals can often rely on the basis of physics to enter these enterprises with weak matching. For example, quite a few physics graduates from some universities in Beijing have worked in the IT field and achieved success. There are many IT companies, such as IBM and Lucent. Who is still interested in talents in the physics industry? The development of IT industry is undoubtedly good news for students majoring in physics.
Of course, the subject of physics research is still basic and often requires a lot of government policy input. For example, in the field of high-energy physics research, the money spent on building instruments and equipment is amazing. However, it is difficult to realize the industrialization of these research results in a short time, so the work resistance is relatively large, and people who intend to engage in physics research after graduation should be fully prepared. However, with the strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength, China's investment in basic research will increase year by year, which will create good conditions for physics research. Now the phenomenon of interdisciplinary and subdivision is more and more obvious, and the degree of knowledge renewal is very fast. Talents with basic majors like physics have strong plasticity and solid basic knowledge. On the contrary, it has been paid more and more attention by various industries.
As a basic discipline, China has made great progress in the field of physics research in recent years, and has also played a very good role in promoting other disciplines in many fields, including information science, materials science, life science, energy and environmental science. The research of monocrystalline silicon technology provides a good support for China's hardware industry to catch up. The means of studying materials in physics, such as electromagnetic properties and optical properties of materials, have become the basis of material research. All these make physics professionals handy when they are engaged in specific scientific research work. At present, most of the talents majoring in physics are mainly concentrated in the above-mentioned high-tech development departments, but physics, as a basic education field, is rarely interested. In fact, China urgently needs a group of physics professionals to engage in basic physics education in China. Those who are interested in physics should also dare to devote themselves to the field of basic education and give full play to their own specialties.
Talents majoring in physics should give full play to their own advantages, consciously cultivate their multidisciplinary academic accomplishment, and pave a broad road for their career. At the same time, we should pay attention to the development of our own characteristics, cultivate personal practical ability, and enhance our understanding of basic theories through a large number of physical experiments. On the other hand, students should pay attention to learning computer knowledge, be able to skillfully apply computers to their work, give full play to the advantages of physics majors and take root in various fields. Nowadays, many high-tech industries are born out of the application of physical technology, so students majoring in physics should dare to explore, be enterprising and constantly improve themselves.
Solid theoretical knowledge can help you solve various problems in practical work:
Technical engineer-engineering engineer of the enterprise;
Research assistant-analyze and test the physical properties of various substances;
Teacher physics is a necessary basic education course in science and engineering schools.
Distribution of intransitive verbs colleges (part)
Chongqing Normal University Sichuan Normal University Xihua Normal University Guizhou Normal University Yunnan Normal University Yunnan Normal University Yunnan Normal University Tibet University Northwest University Yan 'an University Shaanxi University of Technology Baoji College of Arts and Sciences Northwest Normal University Qinghai Normal University Ningxia University Xinjiang Normal University Kashi Normal University Ili Normal University Capital Normal University Tianjin Normal University Hebei University Hebei Normal University. Shanxi University Shanxi Normal University Yanbei Normal University Inner Mongolia Normal University Liaoning University Liaoning Normal University Shenyang Normal University bohai university Anshan Normal University Shenyang University Dalian University Yanbian University Beihua University tonghua normal College Jilin Normal University Changchun Normal University Heilongjiang University Qiqihar University Jiamusi University Harbin Normal University Mudanjiang Normal University Shanghai Normal University Suzhou University Nanjing Normal University Xuzhou Normal University Huaiyin Normal University Yangzhou University Zhejiang Normal University Hangzhou Normal University Shaoxing University Ningbo University Anhui Normal University Fuyang Normal University Anqing Normal University Huaibei Coal Normal University Fujian Normal University Zhangzhou Normal University Jiangxi Normal University Gannan Normal University Nanchang University Shandong Normal University Qufu Normal University Liaocheng University Yantai Normal University Qingdao University Zhengzhou University Henan University Henan Normal University Xinyang Normal University Hubei Normal University Hubei Normal University Hubei University Three Gorges University Xiangtan University Jishou University Hunan Normal University South China. Normal University Guangzhou University Hanshan Normal University Foshan College of Science and Technology Guangxi University Guangxi Normal University Guangxi College for Nationalities Hainan Normal University Central University for Nationalities South China University for Nationalities Southwest University for Nationalities. University for Nationalities Northeast Forestry University China Geo University University University of Science and Technology of China Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology Peking University Beijing Normal University Nankai University Jilin University Northeast Normal University Fudan University East China Normal University Nanjing University Zhejiang University Xiamen University Shandong University China Ocean University Wuhan University Huazhong Normal University Zhongshan University Southwest Normal University Sichuan University Shaanxi Normal University Lanzhou University Shenzhen University Zhanjiang Normal University Xiangfan College taiyuan normal College Harbin College Wanxi University Huai. South Normal University Shangrao Normal University Weifang College anyang normal College Shaoguan College Huizhou College Zhaoqing College Yulin Normal University chongqing technology and business university Qiannan Normal University qujing normal College Weinan Normal University tianshui normal university