Junior year is almost over. At the end of the semester, the teacher of college students' employment guidance gave us an assignment, which was to write a business plan. The purpose is to let us find our own growth direction in the increasingly fierce competition at present, and also let us have better development. After careful investigation and serious efforts, I decided to write my business plan:
First, the business plan
It is a written summary of the enterprise that the entrepreneur plans to create.
It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and elements related to the proposed enterprise, and to provide an index chart and a standard for measuring the business progress of the enterprise.
Usually, a business plan is the integration of marketing, finance, production, human resources and other functional plans.
Problems to be considered in writing a good business plan;
(A) focus on products
(2) Dare to compete
(3) Understand the market
(4) indicate the course of action.
(5) Show your management team.
(6) Excellent plan summary
Second, the content of the business plan
Generally speaking, a business plan should include business type, capital planning and sources, total capital allocation ratio, stage objectives, financial estimation, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, entrepreneurial motivation, shareholder list, and the number of employees scheduled. The specific content generally includes the following eleven aspects:
(1) cover page
The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic. A good cover will make readers feel good at first and form a good first impression.
(2) Plan summary
This is the essence of a condensed business plan.
The plan summary covers the main points of the plan, which is convenient for readers to review the plan and make judgments in the shortest time.
Plan summary generally includes the following contents:
Company introduction;
Managers and their organizations;
Main products and business scope;
Market overview;
Marketing strategy;
Sales plan;
Production management plan;
Financial plan;
Capital demand, etc.
Try to be concise and vivid, especially to explain the differences of their own enterprises and the market factors of their success.
(3) Introduction of the enterprise
The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.
industry analysis
In the industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition status and future development trend of the selected industry.
Typical problems about industry analysis:
(1) What is the development degree of this industry and its current development trend?
(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?
(3) What is the total sales, total income and development trend?
(4) What is the price trend?
(5) How does economic development affect industries and how does the government affect industries?
(6) What factors determine its development?
(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?
(8) What are the obstacles to entering this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?
(5) Introduction of products (services)
The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.
In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.
(6) Personnel and organizational structure
In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on, and human resource management is a very important link.
Because of the development of society today, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage this resource well.
In the business plan, it is necessary to define the main managers, introduce their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, we should make a brief introduction to the company structure, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.
Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason. Page title #e#
(7) Market forecast
It shall include the following contents:
1, demand forecast;
2. Market forecast and overview of market status;
3. Overview of competitors;
4. Target customers and target markets;
5. Market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.
(8) Marketing strategy
Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:
(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;
(2) Marketing team and management;
(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;
(4) Price decision.
(9) Manufacturing plan
The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:
1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;
2. New product production plan;
3. Requirements for technical upgrading and equipment updating;
4. Quality control and quality improvement plan.
(10) financial planning
Financial planning generally includes the following contents:
Among them, the focus is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.
Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;
The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.
(1 1) Risk and risk management
(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?
(2) How will you deal with these risks?
(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?
(4) How to expand based on your capital?
(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?
If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.
Third, the steps of writing a business plan
Preparing a business plan is a process of looking forward to the future of the project, exploring reasonable ideas in detail, confirming all kinds of necessary resources needed to implement the project, and then seeking necessary support.
It should be noted that not all the contents in the above outline should be included in any business plan. Different entrepreneurial contents are very different from each other. The first stage: experiential learning.
The second stage: the idea of starting a business
The third stage: market research
The fourth stage: scheme drafting
Full text of business plan
Write the full text, add a cover, extract the whole starting point and write a summary, and then arrange the whole starting point plan in the following order:
(1) market opportunities and strategies;
(2) management;
(3) management team;
(4) Financial budget;
(5) Others directly related to the audience; Information and materials, such as business founders, potential investors and even family members and spouses.
The fifth stage: the final revision stage
First of all, according to your report, make the most important thing 1? 2-page summary, front. Secondly, check, don't make mistakes such as typos, or others will doubt whether you are rigorous. Finally, design a beautiful cover, write down the table of contents and page numbers, then print it out and bind it into a book.
Stage 6: Inspection
You can check from the following aspects:
(1) Does your business plan indicate that you have experience in managing a company?
(2) Does your business plan show that you have the ability to repay the loan?
(3) Does your business plan show that you have conducted a complete market analysis?
(4) Whether your business plan is easy to be understood by investors. The business plan should have an index and a table of contents, so that investors can easily refer to each chapter. It should also ensure that the information flow in the directory is logical and realistic.
(5) Do you have a plan summary in your business plan and put it at the front? The plan summary is equivalent to the cover of the company's business plan, and investors will read it first. In order to keep the interest of investors, the plan summary should be attractive.
(6) Whether your business plan is grammatically correct.
(7) Can your business plan dispel investors' doubts about products (services)?
A product model can be prepared if necessary.
? ? Feasibility analysis and business plan
I. Market analysis
For a long time, due to the low living standard, domestic residents have little consumption of small household appliances mainly serving "kitchen" and "bathroom". According to statistics, there are only three or four small household appliances in cities and towns in China, while there are as many as 37 in Europe and America. According to statistics, at least 2.6 million families move into new houses in China every year. With the improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more small household appliances in "kitchen" and "bathroom". The accelerated popularization and upgrading of small household appliances will surely give birth to amazing market impetus, and the market development prospect of small household appliances is very broad. In the next two to three years, China's small household appliances industry will enter a golden stage of development, and the annual growth rate of market demand may exceed 30%.
At present, there are only two kinds of small household appliances for bathroom heating: Yuba and heater. At present, there are 376 domestic enterprises producing Yuba, and the domestic sales volume is expected to be 4 million units in XX, 5.5 million units in XX and 7 million units in XX, with sales exceeding 65.438+0 billion yuan. Among urban families, the ownership rate of Yuba is less than 65.438+05% (XX), and domestic consumers are right.
Yuba occupies an absolute advantage in bathroom heating equipment, among which Hangzhou Aopu has an annual sales of 260 million yuan, ranking first in the market. At present, the manufacturers of Yuba and heater are mostly concentrated in Zhejiang and Guangdong, but most of them are small factories, mostly imitation or OEM production, and their independent research and development ability is not strong.
In the Yangtze River valley of China, most houses have no heating, so bathing in winter has always been a big problem. Although there are yuba and heaters, people expect a simple and effective heating appliance. According to my investigation, people have a good impression of this product and have great market potential. Compared with Yuba and heater market, the sales market of this product is at least 50-10 billion yuan. We can make full use of the advantages of patented technology to speed up.
Second, our goal.
Our goal is to make samples in XX, enter the market, and develop agents at or above the prefecture level 10- 15, with sales of more than 2 million, XX 500 million, XX 1 10,000, and profit rate of 30%-50%.
Third, the use of funds.
Because this product has not been on the market before, the initial sample trial production and mold development costs are relatively high, and it is estimated that 10? 1.5 million yuan;
Various certificates, licenses and trademarks: 50,000 yuan;
Company formation, related office supplies procurement, personnel recruitment, company website, etc. : 65438+ ten thousand yuan;
Rent, utilities and personnel salary (half a year): 1.5 million yuan;
Exhibition, advertising fee: 6,543,800 yuan;
Cost of small batch production (5000 tablets): 200,000-250,000 yuan;
Working capital: 200,000 yuan.
Total: 6,543,800 yuan+0,000 yuan.
Fourth, product cost and profit analysis
In order to save costs and reduce investment risks, the early small batch production mainly focused on outsourcing processing, and the production equipment was not purchased for the time being. This product mainly includes: barrel body, cover, heating plate, leakage protector, dry-burning protector, switch, steam regulating plate, base and sealing ring. Heating plate 7-8 yuan, leakage protector 12 yuan, anti-dry burning protector 1.5 yuan.
The wholesale price is tentatively set in 80 yuan, and each Maori 40 yuan. It is estimated that the investment can be recovered in two years, with a slight profit.
(The above data are the spare parts dealers under investigation, which may float downwards. )
Verb (abbreviation of verb) sales prospect
At present, there is no similar product on the market, and the sales pressure of the product is relatively small. It is suggested to use the existing sales network of electrical wholesalers around the country to carry out agency sales. At present, many businesses have been contacted and preliminary sales intentions have been reached.
Intransitive verb cooperation plan
This patent project is a non-service invention, and the patent right belongs to the individual. The specific mode of cooperation shall be decided by both parties through consultation.
Seven, raw material supply plan
Can be produced outside, no special requirements.
Eight. The future of the project
Because this product is easy to manufacture and the threshold is not high, it is inevitable to be copied. In addition to strengthening anti-counterfeiting, upgrading products is also a necessary means to expand the market. At present, two samples have been developed, and 3-5 new products will be launched next year. With the upgrading of products, we will be able to gain a firm foothold in the market.
Because I haven't come into contact with such a planning book before, I'm still unfamiliar with such a planning book after a lot of careful consideration, so I've always done my thing like this. After careful consideration, I still feel that this planning book is somewhat inadequate and needs the guidance of teachers.
I recommend it carefully.