The successful example of reverse thinking is 1 1820. Oster, a professor of physics at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, obtained the magnetic effect of current through many experiments. After this discovery spread to the European continent, it attracted many people to participate in the study of electromagnetism. Faraday, a British physicist, repeated Oster's experiment with great interest. Sure enough, as long as the wire is electrified, the magnetic needle near the wire will deflect immediately, and he is deeply attracted by this strange phenomenon.
At that time, the dialectical thought in German classical philosophy had been introduced to Britain, and Faraday was influenced by it, thinking that there must be a connection between electricity and magnetism and they could be transformed into each other. He thinks that since electric energy produces a magnetic field, the magnetic field can also produce electricity.
In order to realize this idea, he started the experiment of magnetic power generation from 182 1. Numerous experiments have failed, but he firmly believes that the method of thinking in the opposite direction is correct and continues to adhere to this way of thinking.
Ten years later, Faraday designed a new experiment. He inserted the bar magnet into a hollow cylinder wound with a wire, and the pointer on the galvanometer connected to both ends of the wire turned weakly! The current is generated!
Later, he designed various experiments, such as the relative motion of two coils, and the change of magnetic force can also produce current.
Faraday's ten years of unremitting efforts were not in vain. 183 1 year, he put forward the famous law of electromagnetic induction, and invented the world's first power generation device according to this law.
Today, his laws are profoundly changing our lives.
Faraday's successful discovery of the law of electromagnetic induction is a great victory in using the method of reverse thinking.
Successful example of using reverse thinking 2 A mother has two sons. The eldest son runs a cloth dyeing workshop and the younger son runs an umbrella business. Mother scowls every day, afraid that the cloth dyed by her eldest son will not dry when it rains; It's sunny, and I'm afraid no one will buy the umbrella made by my youngest son. A neighbor enlightened her and told her to think backwards: on rainy days, the younger son's umbrella business is booming; On sunny days, the cloth dyed by the eldest son can dry quickly. Reverse thinking makes the old mother smile and regain her vitality.
Successful example of using reverse thinking 3. The family decided to move into the city, so they went to look for a house. There are three people in the family, two couples and a five-year-old child. They ran all day, until at night, they finally saw an advertisement for serviced apartment. They hurried to the house, which was unexpected. So, I knocked on the door to ask. At this time, the gentle landlord came out and looked at the three guests from top to bottom. The husband summoned up his courage late and asked, "Is this house for rent?"
The landlord said regretfully, "Oh, I'm really sorry, but we don't recruit tenants with children in our apartment." The husband and wife didn't know what to do at the moment and walked away silently. The five-year-old child saw the whole story from beginning to end. That lovely heart is thinking: Is there really no way out? His little red hand knocked on the landlord's door again.
At this time, the husband and wife have walked out of 5 meters and looked back.
The door opened and the landlord came out again. The child said happily, "Grandpa, I rented this house. I have no children, I only brought two adults. "
The landlord laughed and decided to rent the house to them.
Example 4 of successful application of reverse thinking When a high-yield potato was introduced to France, French farmers at that time were not interested. In order to promote the cultivation of this kind of potato, the French government has made great efforts to publicize it, but it has little effect. Good potatoes were left out in the cold.
Then someone came up with one? Weird trick? . Not long after, people suddenly found that there were sentries with live ammunition everywhere guarding the experimental fields where potatoes were planted.
How can a field of crops be guarded by sentries? The farmers around feel strange, and they judge that the things planted here must be very expensive.
So, they often take advantage of soldiers? Neglected Nathatch sneaked into the experimental field, stole potatoes, and then carefully took the stolen potatoes home and planted them in his own field, taking good care of them.
After a season, the advantages of this potato are widely known. In this way, this new potato spread all over France and became one of the favorite crops of French farmers.
The manager of a fashion shop accidentally burned a hole in a high-end tweed skirt, and its value plummeted. If darning is used to remedy it, it will only muddle through and deceive customers. On a whim, the manager simply dug many small holes around them and was good at decoration, so he named them? Phoenix tail skirt? . All of a sudden? Phoenix tail skirt? Sales are booming, and fashion shops are also famous. Reverse thinking has brought considerable economic benefits.
The birth of heel-less socks. Phoenix tail skirt? Have the same effect. Because the heel of socks is easy to break, a pair of socks will be destroyed if they break. Merchants successfully trial-produced heel-less socks by using reverse thinking, creating very good business opportunities.
Learn to use the rules of reverse thinking. There are seemingly impossible machine changes everywhere in life. The key is to get used to a method of reverse thinking. Sometimes it's just a small step we need to go beyond, such as? Hassan's Law of Lending? .
A businessman borrowed 2000 yuan from Hassan and wrote an iou. As the deadline for repayment approached, Hassan suddenly found that the debt was lost, which made him very anxious, because he knew that the person who borrowed money from him would default. Hassan's friend Nasreddin said to Hassan after knowing this. Write a letter to this businessman and ask him to return the 2500 yuan he borrowed from you. ? Hassan is puzzled:? It's a problem to ask him to pay back 2000 yuan if he loses the IOU. How can I ask him for 2500 yuan? Hassan didn't figure it out, but he did it anyway. After the letter was sent, Hassan received a reply soon, and the businessman who borrowed money wrote in the letter:? I borrowed 2000 yuan from you, not 2500 yuan. I will pay you back then. ?
As a methodology, reverse thinking has obvious instrumental significance, which originated from the ancient philosopher Lao Zi in China. Are there similarities, differences and harmony between voices? Philosophical speculation can produce many operational rules, including:
1. direction inversion method
Orientation reversal is a complete exchange between the two sides, so that the other side is in the original position. It not only refers to physical space, but also refers to an opposite abstract essence. Complementary antonyms are: in-out, in-out, up and down, front and back, head and tail, etc.
Men and women in love are always sweet-talking, noisy, and the reason for quarreling is nothing more than complaining that the other party never thinks for themselves and never thinks from their own perspective. In fact, if everyone can really put themselves in others' shoes, there will be no more wars and tragedies in the world. Unfortunately, most people always complain that when the other person doesn't think for themselves from their own perspective, they forget that they should also think for each other from their own perspective. I think so? Reverse transposition? It's easier said than done.
To learn to do the opposite, first of all, there are four words: put yourself in the shoes. In the practical application of directional inversion, do you really need to stand from the perspective of others, especially those with interests? Enemy? Look at and analyze things from a new angle. Learning this requires not only a sincere heart, but also innovative wisdom.
Stand on the opposite side and study the solution to the problem, and look at each other from another angle, right? Reverse transposition? . Reverse transposition thinking can also be transposed many times, or even reversed repeatedly. More than two transpositions are multiple transpositions.
The second thing to learn is to study? Transposition and transposition? . The reason why we have to repeatedly reverse transposition is because we must consider it? Objection? The other person may also be thinking about reverse empathy, thinking about other people's feedback and then thinking about what others will do to your feedback. Feedback again is the upgrade of reverse empathy and the ultimate grasp of transforming it into thought. Whoever wins or loses such transposition confrontation depends on whose transposition thinking is better.
? 2. Attribute inverse method
The attributes of things are often multi-directional, and one thing can be understood from different angles. Even if we look at the same thing from different angles, its nature can be multifaceted and mutually transformed. Just like Qian Zhongshu said? Fight alcohol with wine, fight poison with poison, burn beans with beans, and shoot eagles with eagle feathers? , contains great contradictions. For example: good-bad, big-small, strong-weak, yes-no, dynamic-static, more-less, cold-hot, fast-slow, increase-decrease, life-death, out-in, beginning-end, fire and water, etc.
Once upon a time, there was a big fire on the American grassland, and the fire ruthlessly swallowed everything on the grassland by the wind. It happened that a group of tourists were playing on the grassland that day. When they saw the fire coming, they all panicked. Fortunately, an old hunter walked with them. As soon as he saw the situation was critical, he shouted: To save us all, now listen to me. ? The old hunter told everyone to pull out the hay in front of them and clear out a clearing.
At this time, the fire is getting closer and closer, and the situation is very dangerous, but the old hunter has a plan. He asked everyone to stand on one side of the clearing, while he stood on the side near the fire. He saw that the fire was getting closer and closer like Youlong, so he resolutely set fire to his feet. In the blink of an eye, a wall of fire rose beside the old hunter, spreading in three directions at the same time. A miracle happened. The fire wall lit by the old hunter did not burn with the wind, but against the fire over there. When the two fires finally met, the fire suddenly weakened and then gradually extinguished.
After the tourists get out of danger, ask him how to put out the fire with fire. The old hunter said with a smile that the grassland is on fire today. Although the wind blows this way, the airflow near the fire will still blow to the flames. I set this fire just to seize the right moment and rush over with this airflow. The vegetation near the torch burned, so the fire there could never burn again, so we were saved. ?
Reverse thinking can always help us find a way out in a difficult situation. Peter. Norton is also such a successful person who uses reverse thinking. He once sold his computer software for 300 million dollars. This is a set called. Resume deletion? In order to recover the accidentally deleted computer files, he used reverse thinking. Accidentally deleting files is a nightmare for computer users, and it is the responsibility of many people to recover deleted files? Delusion? But only Norton took a step forward and turned the seemingly absurd delusion into reality. In Norton's thought, only by advancing and retreating, sharing with others, being and not being can we achieve new unity and transformation at a higher level.
? 3. Causal inverse method
Reverse thinking? Is it because of fruit and fruit? This method is widely used in life. Sometimes, under certain conditions, a bad result can be turned into a favorable factor. The key is how to think backwards.
Because the most brilliant case should be human research on vaccines. There is no doubt that the only effective magic weapon in human efforts to fight against a series of disasters is the reverse thinking of inversion of cause and effect, fighting poison with poison, and dealing with a man as he deals with you.
As early as the Song Dynasty in China, people began to think of using the results of things to fight against the causes of things. According to the literature, people collect the scab on the skin of smallpox patients, grind it into powder and blow a little into the nasal cavity of smallpox patients. Later, this smallpox immunization technology was introduced to Europe through Persia and Turkey. Until 1798, British doctor Chen Na developed a safer vaccinia with the same principle, which made a decisive contribution to the complete eradication of smallpox.
In fact, the vaccine research strategy is just a symbol, and more disease research and wider life events can not be separated from the causal reverse thinking method.
? 4. Psychological reverse method
China Economic Times once published an article entitled? Thinking about giving away cheap and asking for expensive? Five years ago, I went to a remote mountain village for an interview. Seeing that the fields are planted with old local varieties of rape, with thin orange stalks and short and sparse plants, I asked the township heads of my peers why they didn't ask farmers to switch to hybrid rape. The township head looks helpless, and the farmers don't believe it!
So I told him the following story: when potatoes were introduced to France, French farmers were unwilling to plant them, so some people made strange moves and sent armed soldiers to guard the experimental fields where potatoes were planted everywhere day and night. As soon as the farmers around saw the battle, they thought that the things planted in the field must be extremely good. So they often take the opportunity to sneak into the experimental field and plant the stolen potatoes in their own fields. Gradually, potato has become a widely planted crop by French farmers.
Not long ago, the township head sent me a letter. It is said that four villages near the mountainous area of the township have all become sheep breeding bases, and the scale is very large! I won't know until I go. At the beginning, the village decided to choose only one Boer goat in each of the four villages, and never choose more! For the sake of prudence, the head of the selection team is appointed by the township head. Before the election, the village put forward many harsh conditions and worked hard for a whole month. The village introduced 100 sheep to each of the four families, and there were not many sheep. The village also organized the defense team members of these four villages to take turns herding sheep. After the sheep gave birth to their cubs, the village said it would export them and not let sheep farmers sell them privately. The farmers in the neighborhood were insatiable, and asked their relatives and friends to sneak into the sheep farmers' homes in the dark at night, saying that they would secretly buy some Boer goats to raise. Nowadays, all the residents in these villages raise sheep, and their per capita income has exceeded 10,000 yuan.
There is no doubt that human psychology will always be like this. All prohibition means strengthening. Many specious psychological laws seem to indirectly prove the existence of reverse thinking:
Baker's Law: You don't want anything you can offer.
Bob's law of affirmation: the closer you are to the aisle, the later the audience will come.
Gleason's law: the smallest hole will eventually empty the largest container, unless it is deliberately used to drain water, in which case it will be blocked.
Justin's Law: The worse the car breaks down, the crazier it drives.
Mel's Law: Nothing can be done until the last moment.
Weber's Law: If you find a parking place conveniently, you won't find your car.
5. Psychological reverse method
Psychological reverse method refers to abandoning one's own limitations in the process of thinking, first exploring the other's ideas, and then acting against the other's ideas.
Psychological reversal? Anti? Do not repeat transposition in reverse transposition method? Anti? , but in the opposite direction? Anti? . Although in the study of reverse transposition method, you have been familiar with understanding each other's psychology, and then make countermeasures against each other's psychology, but in psychological reverse method, you need to go further and let the other person follow your thoughts and make the choices you need him to make.
It sounds as difficult to let the other person follow him, but if you try to train yourself to figure out the other person's thinking path and go against its logic, you will gradually find that it is not difficult to master this method. Try the following true story. Can you react so quickly?
1956 After Stalin's death, Khrushchev once again exposed and criticized a series of mistakes such as Stalin's destruction and expansion at a congress of the Soviet Union's * * * Production Party. Someone handed the note from the stage to Khrushchev on the podium. Khrushchev opened the letter and read: Where were you then? The problem goes straight to the heart. At this time, Khrushchev had to answer that choosing to avoid was tantamount to admitting his cowardice and selfishness.
If you were Khrushchev, what would you do?
To solve this problem, you must tell everyone with some facts that your current behavior is actually correcting mistakes, and at the same time let everyone understand and acquiesce in the reasons why you can't correct them earlier. You have to build one? The inevitable choice? In other words, you must let everyone make the same choice as you in the situation you set. Through this explanation, can you explore the context? At this time, you should have thought of it. Inverse? Do you want more when you get there? Anti? Instead of explaining it in words, let everyone experience it and let everyone know that this is a choice without choice. You see, the mastery of psychological reflection dimension method is realized step by step.
Khrushchev picked up the note, read out the questions aloud, then looked at the audience and said, Who wrote this note? Please come out on stage at once! No one stepped forward. The venue was so quiet that you could hear a pin drop, and everyone's heart was pounding. I don't know what Khrushchev is doing. The person who wrote the note was even more uneasy and remorseful. He knew very well that if Khrushchev really wanted to investigate, he would definitely find that he wrote the note. Then Khrushchev repeated loudly: Please let the person who wrote the note stand up! The venue remained silent. A few minutes later, Khrushchev finally spoke again. He said quietly, OK, I'll answer your question. I'm sitting where you are now.
You see, Khrushchev used today's power to reproduce the environment in which he lived, so that all the people in it really realized his choice and told them his helplessness from another angle.
By extension, psychological reverse thinking embodies a kind of? Expect the enemy to be ahead and seize the opportunity? The spirit of. ? If the enemy does not move, I will not move. If the enemy moves, I will move. Although the strategy of "attacking the enemy first" highlights the atmosphere and prudence, it puts itself in a place that must be defended first and then tries to attack, but it always loses the initiative because it has to make decisions according to the actions of others. Psychological reverse thinking is based on the psychological prediction and feedback of the other side. According to this layout, it is impossible to attack first, so that you can respond freely while countering the army.
? 6. Janus's thinking method (complementary method of opposites)
? Janus? It is a double-faced god in Roman mythology. According to legend, his head has two faces, one staring at the past and the other staring at the future. You can often see him on ancient Roman coins, holding a door key in one hand and a long guard staff in the other, standing between the past and the future.
Janus's thinking method aims at grasping the opposite sides of the thinking object, consciously following the reverse path to study problems, and being good at organically combining positive thinking with reverse thinking; When dealing with problems, people are required to study problems along the normal way of thinking, and at the same time, they should go upstream in the opposite direction and see the complementarity between advantages and disadvantages.
The first step of Janus' thinking training is based on? Reverse? Above consciousness, you must first learn to realize that everything is composed of two aspects, and the problem you are facing now must still have its opposite. In other words, when you face a difficult problem, you may face the conditions, questions and answers of this difficult problem. What you need to do is to reshuffle the composition of this difficult problem and think backwards.
The second step of Janus' thinking training is to grasp the interpenetrating relationship between opposites, so as to achieve a qualitative leap in solving problems. Always remember that opposites are for survival. Through this introduction, reverse? And then what? Complementary? The context is already faintly visible. Look at the following little question, and follow this idea to learn and master how to embed and supplement the opposing parts.
What kind of 18-story building can stand in the earthquake?
Don't think this is a brain teaser, and don't think this is a simple structural problem. You may not be able to think of suitable building materials and structures because of professional limitations, but you can grasp the correct thinking. The answer is in the following report.
1972 65438+On February 23rd, Managua, the capital of Nicaragua * * * China, was hit by a big earthquake, which instantly turned a modern city into ruins, killing more than 10,000 people, and the houses in the epicenter 5 1 1 block were ruthlessly destroyed by the earthquake. Surprisingly, only the Bank of America building with 18 floors is safe and sound in the ruins, but the street floor in front of the building has a dislocation of 1/2 inches! Such a miracle caused a sensation all over the world.
The creator of the miracle is Lin Tongyan, a famous Chinese-American expert in engineering structure. When he designed the Bank of America Building, he tried to design a building that would not crack in the epicenter, but there was no way to solve the problem that building materials would not deform and crack under the strong external force. Just when he was at a loss, it suddenly occurred to him that instead of focusing on the front (because the front can't completely solve the earthquake-proof problem), it is better to focus on the rear?
So, after many screening calculations, he adopted the frame-tube structure. This structure is different from the general structure and has the characteristics of rigid-flexible combination: under general stress, the building has enough stiffness to bear external forces; However, when subjected to sudden strong external force, the cracking of some secondary components in the internal structure of the building can suddenly weaken the total stiffness of the building, thus greatly reducing the seismic force borne by the building materials of the main components. This design idea of avoiding the collapse of buildings by the cracking loss of secondary components of buildings has broken through the general conventional thinking framework and the positive thinking mode of facing only, creating a rare miracle in the world.
Here, Lin Tongyan chose? Inverse? Protect. Protect. Protection and destruction are completely opposite, but it doesn't mean that they can't complement each other. Spare no effort to protect, can't it be realized? Protection? The ultimate goal, and then use? Destroy? Coming? Protection? It is the essence of Janus' thought. Manufacturing? Protection? And then what? Destroy? The two sides showed an interdependent situation, and actively designed something that would be destroyed in a strong earthquake, which just achieved the purpose of protection. On the premise that the main building is intact, the damage of secondary internal structure makes the building avoid the damage of strong earthquake.
The third step of Janus' thinking training is based on the solid mastery of the first two steps. This step needs to analyze the opposing sides, and then reorganize and construct.
? 7. Reverse use of shortcomings
What is the main idea of reverse usage of shortcomings? Disadvantages are advantages? . The reverse use of shortcomings first refers to appreciating the extraordinary from the ordinary. It emphasizes that in turn, we should consider how to directly use these shortcomings to achieve it. Turn harm into profit? . That is to say, in view of the shortcomings that have been found in the object, in addition to adoption? Improve? Besides strategy, what do you want to do more is to reduce costs? Direct use? .
You can search according to the following steps. Disadvantages? , practice reverse use:
Determine an object, which can be a thing, a thing, or even a person;
● List the shortcomings and deficiencies of this object as much as possible (you can use the intellectual incentive method here, or conduct extensive research and solicit opinions from others. );
● Sort out one or several shortcomings presented to you;
● Analyze every shortcoming and seek the possibility of turning waste into treasure and turning disadvantages into benefits (what is the key to this step? Inverse? Dealing with these shortcomings with reverse thinking).
Many photographers always count first when taking group photos? 3、2、 1? However, although everyone tries to keep their eyes open, there will always be some people who can't blink when they reach 1.
Later, someone came up with an idea, and everyone was dubious and even felt a little strange, but when taking pictures, no one closed their eyes. Can you think of this idea?
Review our thinking path:
●? Let everyone not blink before pressing the shutter? Is our research object;
● If people's eyes are open for a long time, they need to blink to replenish water, which makes this project inevitably have shortcomings;
In view of this shortcoming, the reverse is to keep your eyes open for a long time, that is, close your eyes.
The answer came out: the new way is to let everyone close their eyes and shout? 3、2、 1? Then open your eyes together.
Have you thought of it? The disadvantage may be the advantage itself.