? As early as the Neolithic Age, the ancestors of Lanzhou lived and multiplied on the terraces of the Yellow River and its tributaries, Datong River, Zhuanglang River, Xishui River and Yuanchuan River, creating a splendid Majiayao culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and pushing colorful painted pottery art to the peak. It is also the birthplace of bronze in China. From Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period, Lanzhou belonged to the frontier pasture of ancient Yongzheng Prefecture. In 2 15 BC, Meng Tian, the general sent by Qin Shihuang, formally incorporated Lanzhou into the territory of Qin State and became the territory of Longxi County of Qin State.
? The history that Lanzhou really became a military center in northwest China began in the Western Han Dynasty. According to (historical records), in the second year of founding ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 12 1), Huo Qubing, a general in ancient times, was ordered to "ride ten thousand horses out of Longxi", crossing the Yellow River in the southwest of Beidukou and exploring Xiongnu in the west. Captured Attila 5 people, including Queen Mother, Khan E Shi, Prince, Prime Minister and General 120 people. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to meet the evil king of Xiongnu, and the evil king of Xiongnu led the troops to surrender to Han. At the critical moment of partial surrender, he led the troops into the Xiongnu army, killed the rebels, and stabilized the situation. The evil king of Xiongnu was able to lead more than 40 thousand people to submit to the Han Dynasty. From then on, the Han Dynasty took control of Hexi region, laying the foundation for opening up the road to the western regions. That year, on his way home in triumph, he crossed the Yellow River in the north of Xigu and ordered the porter Li Xi to preside over it. The first castle in Lanzhou history was built on the south bank of the Yellow River in Xigu District today, and it was named "Jincheng", which means "the city is as strong as". I hope it is "indestructible, indestructible". Some people say that it was named after digging up gold when building the city; In other words, the city is located in the west of the capital Chang 'an (now Xi City). When it is named after the word "Jin" in the five elements, different people have different opinions.
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? In the sixth year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (8 1 BC), the Western Han government took "the vast frontier and the Qiang people as the enemy", so it took two counties from Tianshui, Longxi and Zhangye, which were established during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and took Wu Yun (Yinqian Cliff, now east of Minhe County, Qinghai Province) as the county governance, and established Jincheng County, with jurisdiction of 65,438+. Among them, 6 counties are in Lanzhou today.
During the six or seven hundred years from then to the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Jincheng County moved to Wu Xiang (now Longxi), Wu Yun, Yuzhong and Xigu City, and then moved to Yuanchuan and Zicheng in Yuzhong County, and its jurisdiction changed from time to time. During this period, in 265 AD, Xianbei nobles established the Western Qin regime, with Jincheng as its capital (now Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City). ?
? Lanzhou, as the name of the ancient inland city in China, began in the Sui Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Yangdi's Huang Kai (AD 58 1 year), Wendi abandoned the county and set up the Lanzhou General Government, which was named "Lanzhou" because of the towering Gaolan Mountain in the south of the city. Gaolan Mountain is a natural barrier to the south of the city. At that time, the Yellow River flowed from the northern foot. ("Zi Jian") records that "Gaolan is called Gaolai, and the name of the river is also". According to the textual research of Mr. Wei Jinxian of Lanzhou University, "Gaolan is an ancient Qiang language, which means river", and Gaolan Mountain naturally refers to the high mountain by the river.
? At the end of Sui Dynasty, the Yellow River gradually moved northward from the foot of Gaolan Mountain. The former floodplain and floodplain were silted up into secondary terraces, and the residents on the northern slope of Gaolan Mountain moved northward to the newly established Wuquan County. The castle is built between Wuquan Mountain and Gulou Lane, with the Yellow River as the risk in the north, with a length of more than 600 steps from east to west and a width of about 300 steps from north to south.
? During the Northern Song Dynasty, the river continued to move northward. For the sake of defense, in March of the sixth year of Yuanfeng (AD 1083), a new city was built on the north side of the old city ruins. Its "bedrock is like a turtle, lying under the city wall", hence the name "Stone Turtle City". In the tenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1377), the commander-in-chief Tongzhi Wang wanted to expand Shigui City, and later generations were in the inner city. In the west and south, an outline and a moat 3 feet deep and 3 feet wide were built, and nine Guomen and 16 enemy towers were opened. In A.D. 1399, Su Mingwang moved the capital to Lanzhou (now the resident of the provincial government). In the Qing Dynasty, the deaf and dumb were repaired many times, and brick walls and stone dikes were built in the north, making Lanzhou a solid military defense project against foreign invasion.
? Lanzhou, as the Gansu Provincial Association, began in the fifth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1666). After the Qing government established Gansu province, the governor of Gansu took Lanzhou as the capital. 1923 Lanzhou preparatory office headed by Zhang Weiwei was established to prepare for the construction of the city. Since then, with the change of the current situation, the municipal preparatory office has been revoked and resumed from time to time. The drought of 1928- 1930 for three consecutive years has made the bare land in Gansu thousands of miles away, and there are only more than 8,600 people in Lanzhou. How can we build a city under such tragic circumstances? 1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Lanzhou's position became more and more important, and the Gansu provincial government proposed to set up a city. However, due to the changeable situation, the preparatory work has been stopped many times. It was not until July 194 1 that Lanzhou was formally established, and the mayor Cai Mengjian became the first leader in Lanzhou's modern construction period.
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? 1August 949, Lanzhou was liberated.